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Rhodopsin

Rhodopsin

Rhodopsin adalah pigmen yang ada di sel fotoreseptor dari organ retina yang bertanggung jawab terhadap persepsi cahaya. Rhodopsin masuk dalam keluarga reseptor protein berpasangan G dan sangat sensitiv terhadap cahaya, yang mampu menangkap cahaya yang rendah.[1] Saat terkena cahaya, pigmennya akan segera mengalami fotoblecing dan manusia memerlukan waktu sekitar 30 menit untuk melakukan hal ini.[2]

Struktur

Rhodopsin terdiri dari gugus fungsional opsin dan sebuah ikatan kovalen alkanal vitamin A yang terbalik. Opsin, sebuah ikatan dari tujuh transmembran heliks terikat satu sama lain oleh lingkaran protein, mengikat fotoreaktif retina yang terletak di pusat pada residu linisa.


Referensi

  1. ^ Litmann BJ, Mitchell DC (1996). "Rhodopsin structure and function". Dalam Lee AG. Rhodopsin and G-Protein Linked Receptors, Part A (Vol 2, 1996) (2 Vol Set). Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press. hlm. 1–32. ISBN 1-55938-659-2. 
  2. ^ Stuart JA, Brige RR (1996). "Characterization of the primary photochemical events in bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin". Dalam Lee AG. Rhodopsin and G-Protein Linked Receptors, Part A (Vol 2, 1996) (2 Vol Set). Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press. hlm. 33–140. ISBN 1-55938-659-2. 

Baca juga

  • (Inggris) Humphries P, Kenna P, Farrar GJ (1992). "On the molecular genetics of retinitis pigmentosa". Science. 256 (5058): 804–8. doi:10.1126/science.1589761. PMID 1589761. 
  • (Inggris) Edwards SC (1995). "Involvement of cGMP and calcium in the photoresponse in vertebrate photoreceptor cells". The Journal of the Florida Medical Association. 82 (7): 485–8. PMID 7673885. 
  • (Inggris) al-Maghtheh M, Gregory C, Inglehearn C; et al. (1993). "Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Hum. Mutat. 2 (4): 249–55. doi:10.1002/humu.1380020403. PMID 8401533. 
  • (Inggris) Garriga P, Manyosa J (2002). "The eye photoreceptor protein rhodopsin. Structural implications for retinal disease". FEBS Lett. 528 (1–3): 17–22. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03241-6. PMID 12297272. 
  • (Inggris) Mendes HF, van der Spuy J, Chapple JP, Cheetham ME (2005). "Mechanisms of cell death in rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa: implications for therapy". Trends in molecular medicine. 11 (4): 177–85. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.02.007. PMID 15823756. 
  • (Inggris) Inglehearn CF, Keen TJ, Bashir R; et al. (1993). "A completed screen for mutations of the rhodopsin gene in a panel of patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Hum. Mol. Genet. 1 (1): 41–5. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.1.41. PMID 1301135. 
  • (Inggris) Farrar GJ, Findlay JB, Kumar-Singh R; et al. (1993). "Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: a novel mutation in the rhodopsin gene in the original 3q linked family". Hum. Mol. Genet. 1 (9): 769–71. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.9.769. PMID 1302614. 
  • (Inggris) Robinson PR, Cohen GB, Zhukovsky EA, Oprian DD (1992). "Constitutively active mutants of rhodopsin". Neuron. 9 (4): 719–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90034-B. PMID 1356370. 
  • (Inggris) Fujiki K, Hotta Y, Hayakawa M; et al. (1992). "Point mutations of rhodopsin gene found in Japanese families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP)". Jpn. J. Hum. Genet. 37 (2): 125–32. doi:10.1007/BF01899733. PMID 1391967. 
  • (Inggris) Olsson JE, Gordon JW, Pawlyk BS; et al. (1992). "Transgenic mice with a rhodopsin mutation (Pro23His): a mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Neuron. 9 (5): 815–30. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90236-7. PMID 1418997. 
  • (Inggris) Andréasson S, Ehinger B, Abrahamson M, Fex G (1993). "A six-generation family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and a rhodopsin gene mutation (arginine-135-leucine)". Ophthalmic paediatrics and genetics. 13 (3): 145–53. doi:10.3109/13816819209046483. PMID 1484692. 
  • (Inggris) Inglehearn CF, Lester DH, Bashir R; et al. (1992). "Recombination between rhodopsin and locus D3S47 (C17) in rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa families". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50 (3): 590–7. PMC 1684283 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 1539595. 
  • (Inggris) Fishman GA, Stone EM, Gilbert LD, Sheffield VC (1992). "Ocular findings associated with a rhodopsin gene codon 106 mutation. Glycine-to-arginine change in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Arch. Ophthalmol. 110 (5): 646–53. PMID 1580841. 
  • (Inggris) Keen TJ, Inglehearn CF, Lester DH; et al. (1992). "Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: four new mutations in rhodopsin, one of them in the retinal attachment site". Genomics. 11 (1): 199–205. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90119-Y. PMID 1765377. 
  • (Inggris) Dryja TP, Hahn LB, Cowley GS; et al. (1991). "Mutation spectrum of the rhodopsin gene among patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (20): 9370–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.9370. PMC 52716 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 1833777. 
  • (Inggris) Gal A, Artlich A, Ludwig M; et al. (1992). "Pro-347-Arg mutation of the rhodopsin gene in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Genomics. 11 (2): 468–70. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90159-C. PMID 1840561. 
  • (Inggris) Sung CH, Davenport CM, Hennessey JC; et al. (1991). "Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (15): 6481–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6481. PMC 52109 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 1862076. 
  • (Inggris) Jacobson SG, Kemp CM, Sung CH, Nathans J (1991). "Retinal function and rhodopsin levels in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa with rhodopsin mutations". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 112 (3): 256–71. PMID 1882937. 
  • (Inggris) Sheffield VC, Fishman GA, Beck JS; et al. (1991). "Identification of novel rhodopsin mutations associated with retinitis pigmentosa by GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (4): 699–706. PMC 1683182 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 1897520. 

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