タリウム(Tl)は25種類の同位体を持ち、原子量の範囲は184から210である。203Tlと205Tlは安定同位体であり、204Tlは半減期(3.78年)が最も長い放射性同位体である。202Tl(半減期12.23日)はサイクロトロンで作ることができるが[1]、204Tl(半減期3.78年)は原子炉で安定なタリウムから中性子放射化により作ることになる[2]。標準原子量は204.3833(2) uである。
タリウムの同位体のうち、アクチニウム系列、ラジウム系列、トリウム系列に属する同位体は以下の別名でも知られている:
- ラジウムEII(radium EII) : 206Tl
- アクチニウムCII(actinium CII) : 207Tl
- トリウムCII(thorium CII) : 208Tl
- ラジウムCII(radium CII) : 210Tl
一覧
同位体核種
|
Z(p)
|
N(n)
|
同位体質量 (u)
|
半減期
|
核スピン数
|
天然存在比
|
天然存在比 (範囲)
|
励起エネルギー
|
176Tl
|
81
|
95
|
176.00059(21)#
|
5.2(+30-14) ms
|
(3-,4-,5-)
|
|
|
177Tl
|
81
|
96
|
176.996427(27)
|
18(5) ms
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
177mTl
|
807(18) keV
|
230(40) µs
|
(11/2-)
|
|
|
178Tl
|
81
|
97
|
177.99490(12)#
|
255(10) ms
|
|
|
|
179Tl
|
81
|
98
|
178.99109(5)
|
270(30) ms
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
179mTl
|
860(30)# keV
|
1.60(16) ms
|
(9/2-)
|
|
|
180Tl
|
81
|
99
|
179.98991(13)#
|
1.5(2) s
|
|
|
|
181Tl
|
81
|
100
|
180.986257(10)
|
3.2(3) s
|
1/2+#
|
|
|
181mTl
|
857(29) keV
|
1.7(4) ms
|
9/2-#
|
|
|
182Tl
|
81
|
101
|
181.98567(8)
|
2.0(3) s
|
2-#
|
|
|
182m1Tl
|
100(100)# keV
|
2.9(5) s
|
(7+)
|
|
|
182m2Tl
|
600(140)# keV
|
|
10-
|
|
|
183Tl
|
81
|
102
|
182.982193(10)
|
6.9(7) s
|
1/2+#
|
|
|
183m1Tl
|
630(17) keV
|
53.3(3) ms
|
9/2-#
|
|
|
183m2Tl
|
976.8(3) keV
|
1.48(10) µs
|
(13/2+)
|
|
|
184Tl
|
81
|
103
|
183.98187(5)
|
9.7(6) s
|
2-#
|
|
|
184m1Tl
|
100(100)# keV
|
10# s
|
7+#
|
|
|
184m2Tl
|
500(140)# keV
|
>20 ns
|
(10-)
|
|
|
185Tl
|
81
|
104
|
184.97879(6)
|
19.5(5) s
|
1/2+#
|
|
|
185mTl
|
452.8(20) keV
|
1.93(8) s
|
9/2-#
|
|
|
186Tl
|
81
|
105
|
185.97833(20)
|
40# s
|
(2-)
|
|
|
186m1Tl
|
320(180) keV
|
27.5(10) s
|
(7+)
|
|
|
186m2Tl
|
690(180) keV
|
2.9(2) s
|
(10-)
|
|
|
187Tl
|
81
|
106
|
186.975906(9)
|
~51 s
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
187mTl
|
335(3) keV
|
15.60(12) s
|
(9/2-)
|
|
|
188Tl
|
81
|
107
|
187.97601(4)
|
71(2) s
|
(2-)
|
|
|
188m1Tl
|
40(30) keV
|
71(1) s
|
(7+)
|
|
|
188m2Tl
|
310(30) keV
|
41(4) ms
|
(9-)
|
|
|
189Tl
|
81
|
108
|
188.973588(12)
|
2.3(2) min
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
189mTl
|
257.6(13) keV
|
1.4(1) min
|
(9/2-)
|
|
|
190Tl
|
81
|
109
|
189.97388(5)
|
2.6(3) min
|
2(-)
|
|
|
190m1Tl
|
130(90)# keV
|
3.7(3) min
|
7(+#)
|
|
|
190m2Tl
|
290(70)# keV
|
750(40) µs
|
(8-)
|
|
|
190m3Tl
|
410(70)# keV
|
>1 µs
|
9-
|
|
|
191Tl
|
81
|
110
|
190.971786(8)
|
20# min
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
191mTl
|
297(7) keV
|
5.22(16) min
|
9/2(-)
|
|
|
192Tl
|
81
|
111
|
191.97223(3)
|
9.6(4) min
|
(2-)
|
|
|
192m1Tl
|
160(50) keV
|
10.8(2) min
|
(7+)
|
|
|
192m2Tl
|
407(54) keV
|
296(5) ns
|
(8-)
|
|
|
193Tl
|
81
|
112
|
192.97067(12)
|
21.6(8) min
|
1/2(+#)
|
|
|
193mTl
|
369(4) keV
|
2.11(15) min
|
9/2-
|
|
|
194Tl
|
81
|
113
|
193.97120(15)
|
33.0(5) min
|
2-
|
|
|
194mTl
|
300(200)# keV
|
32.8(2) min
|
(7+)
|
|
|
195Tl
|
81
|
114
|
194.969774(15)
|
1.16(5) h
|
1/2+
|
|
|
195mTl
|
482.63(17) keV
|
3.6(4) s
|
9/2-
|
|
|
196Tl
|
81
|
115
|
195.970481(13)
|
1.84(3) h
|
2-
|
|
|
196mTl
|
394.2(5) keV
|
1.41(2) h
|
(7+)
|
|
|
197Tl
|
81
|
116
|
196.969575(18)
|
2.84(4) h
|
1/2+
|
|
|
197mTl
|
608.22(8) keV
|
540(10) ms
|
9/2-
|
|
|
198Tl
|
81
|
117
|
197.97048(9)
|
5.3(5) h
|
2-
|
|
|
198m1Tl
|
543.5(4) keV
|
1.87(3) h
|
7+
|
|
|
198m2Tl
|
687.2(5) keV
|
150(40) ns
|
(5+)
|
|
|
198m3Tl
|
742.3(4) keV
|
32.1(10) ms
|
(10-)#
|
|
|
199Tl
|
81
|
118
|
198.96988(3)
|
7.42(8) h
|
1/2+
|
|
|
199mTl
|
749.7(3) keV
|
28.4(2) ms
|
9/2-
|
|
|
200Tl
|
81
|
119
|
199.970963(6)
|
26.1(1) h
|
2-
|
|
|
200m1Tl
|
753.6(2) keV
|
34.3(10) ms
|
7+
|
|
|
200m2Tl
|
762.0(2) keV
|
0.33(5) µs
|
5+
|
|
|
201Tl
|
81
|
120
|
200.970819(16)
|
72.912(17) h
|
1/2+
|
|
|
201mTl
|
919.50(9) keV
|
2.035(7) ms
|
(9/2-)
|
|
|
202Tl
|
81
|
121
|
201.972106(16)
|
12.23(2) d
|
2-
|
|
|
202mTl
|
950.19(10) keV
|
572(7) µs
|
7+
|
|
|
203Tl
|
81
|
122
|
202.9723442(14)
|
STABLE
|
1/2+
|
0.2952(1)
|
0.29494-0.29528
|
203mTl
|
3400(300) keV
|
7.7(5) µs
|
(25/2+)
|
|
|
204Tl
|
81
|
123
|
203.9738635(13)
|
3.78(2) a
|
2-
|
|
|
204m1Tl
|
1104.0(4) keV
|
63(2) µs
|
(7)+
|
|
|
204m2Tl
|
2500(500) keV
|
2.6(2) µs
|
(12-)
|
|
|
204m3Tl
|
3500(500) keV
|
1.6(2) µs
|
(20+)
|
|
|
205Tl
|
81
|
124
|
204.9744275(14)
|
STABLE
|
1/2+
|
0.7048(1)
|
0.70472-0.70506
|
205m1Tl
|
3290.63(17) keV
|
2.6(2) µs
|
25/2+
|
|
|
205m2Tl
|
4835.6(15) keV
|
235(10) ns
|
(35/2-)
|
|
|
206Tl
|
81
|
125
|
205.9761103(15)
|
4.200(17) min
|
0-
|
|
|
206mTl
|
2643.11(19) keV
|
3.74(3) min
|
(12-)
|
|
|
207Tl
|
81
|
126
|
206.977419(6)
|
4.77(2) min
|
1/2+
|
|
|
207mTl
|
1348.1(3) keV
|
1.33(11) s
|
11/2-
|
|
|
208Tl
|
81
|
127
|
207.9820187(21)
|
3.053(4) min
|
5(+)
|
|
|
209Tl
|
81
|
128
|
208.985359(8)
|
2.161(7) min
|
(1/2+)
|
|
|
210Tl
|
81
|
129
|
209.990074(12)
|
1.30(3) min
|
(5+)#
|
|
|
211Tl
|
81
|
130
|
210.99348(22)#
|
1# min [>300 ns]
|
1/2+#
|
|
|
212Tl
|
81
|
131
|
211.99823(32)#
|
30# s [>300 ns]
|
5+#
|
|
|
出典
参考文献
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.