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Zirconium(IV) iodide

Zirconium(IV) iodide
Names
Other names
zirconium tetraiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.332 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 237-780-9
UNII
  • InChI=1S/4HI.Zr/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 checkY
    Key: XLMQAUWIRARSJG-UHFFFAOYSA-J checkY
  • InChI=1/4HI.Zr/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
    Key: XLMQAUWIRARSJG-XBHQNQODAZ
  • [Zr+4].[I-].[I-].[I-].[I-]
Properties
ZrI4
Molar mass 598.842 g/mol
Appearance orange-yellow crystalline
hygroscopic
Density 4.914 g/cm3
Melting point 499[1] °C (930 °F; 772 K)
(triple point)
Boiling point 431 °C (808 °F; 704 K) (sublimes)
Structure
Monoclinic, mP30
P2/c, No. 13
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS05: Corrosive
Danger
H314
P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
2
Related compounds
Other anions
 Zirconium(IV) fluoride
Zirconium(IV) chloride
Zirconium(IV) bromide
Other cations
 Titanium tetraiodide
Hafnium tetraiodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Zirconium(IV) iodide is the chemical compound with the formula ZrI4. It is the most readily available iodide of zirconium. It is an orange-coloured solid that degrades in the presence of water. The compound was once prominent as an intermediate in the purification of zirconium metal.

Structure

Like most binary metal halides, zirconium(IV) iodide adopts a polymeric structure. As characterized by X-ray crystallography, the compound consists of octahedral Zr(IV) centers interconnected by four doubly bridging iodide ligands. The Zr-I distances of 2.692 (terminal) and 3.030 Å[2][3]

Synthesis and reactions

This compound can be prepared by heating zirconium metal and an excess of iodine. [1] The solid is purified by sublimation (400 °C, 10-4 mm Hg).[4]

2 I2 + Zr → ZrI4

Pyrolysis of zirconium(IV) iodide gas by contact with a hot wire was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium. This crystal bar process was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925.[5]

Heating the tetraiodide with zirconium metal gives zirconium triiodide:[4]

3 ZrI4 + 4 Zr → 7 ZrI3

References

  1. ^ a b Eberly, K. C. (1963). "Zirconium(IV) Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 7. pp. 52–54. doi:10.1002/9780470132388.ch13. ISBN 978-0-470-13238-8..
  2. ^ Krebs, B.; Henkel, G.; Dartmann, M. (1979). "Kristallstruktur von Zirkoniumtetrajodid ZrI4: ein neuer AB4-Strukturtyp". Acta Crystallogr. B35 (2): 274-278. doi:10.1107/S0567740879003344.
  3. ^ Troyanov, S. I. (1986). "Crystal Structure of γ-ZrI4". Kristallografiya. 31: 446-449.
  4. ^ a b Guthrie, Dennis H.; Corbett, John D. (1981). "Synthesis and Structure of an Infinite-Chain Form of ZrI2 (α)". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 37 (2): 256–263. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(81)90092-X.
  5. ^ van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1925). "Darstellung von reinem Titanium-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium- und Thoriummetall". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 148 (1): 345–350. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251480133.
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