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Village deities of Sri Lankan Tamils

Village deities are a common feature of the Hindu pantheon of deities. They are known as Gramadevatas. Each Hindu region and caste of India and South Asia has its share of village deities. Sri Lankan Tamils venerate their own group of village deities throughout Sri Lanka, specifically in the Tamil-dominated north and east of the island nation.

List of Hindu deities

Sanskritisation

The identities of some of above the lesser known deities had been lost and most of them are now identified as Vairavar and Kali. Both are worshipped in the form of Trisulam. Furthermore, the Saiva revivalism initiated by Arumuga Navalar has enabled many high status Tamils to subsume the village deities within the Agamic pantheon. Within the Jaffna Peninsula, a number of temples dedicated to Kannaki Amman has been converted to Bhuvaneshwari, Rajarajeshwari and Mariamman temples.[2][9][10] Other deities whose worship is undergoing transformation in the region are Annamar and Valliyakkan, converted into Muruga and Narayana.[10] The religious reforms that have taken place in Jaffna society since the 19th century have oriented religious practices towards the complete adoption of the agamic rite and the exclusive use of Brahmins for worship.[10] Nowadays, Sri Lankan Tamil religious practices, particularly in the northern part of the island, are largely influenced by South Indian Tamil Brahminical and Saiva Siddhanta orthodoxies.

Similarly have some of the deities been Christianized under the colonial influences. As many coastal inhabitants were under Portuguese rule converted to Catholicism, were many coastal Kannaki Amman shrines converted to churches of Our Lady (a title of Mary, mother of Jesus).[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Civattampi, Kārttikēcu (1995). Sri Lankan Tamil society and politics. New Century Book House. p. 34. ISBN 9788123403953.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ph.D. Ragupathy, Ponnampalam (1987). Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey. University of Jaffna: Thillimalar Ragupathy. p. 217.
  3. ^ Schalk, Peter (2013). "Part 3: Extension and Conclusions". Buddhism among Tamils in Tamilakam and Īlam. Vol. 33. University of Uppsala: Historia Religionum. p. 215. ISBN 978-91-554-8412-5.
  4. ^ Kapferer, Bruce (2003-02-01). Beyond Rationalism: Rethinking Magic, Witchcraft and Sorcery. Berghahn Books. p. 156. ISBN 9780857458551.
  5. ^ The Ceylon Antiquary and Literary Register. 1922. p. 12.
  6. ^ McGilvray, Dennis B. (1974). Tamils and Moors: caste and matriclan structure in eastern Sri Lanka. University of Chicago. p. 205.
  7. ^ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
  8. ^ Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies. Institute of Asian Studies. 1991. p. 7.
  9. ^ Hudson, Dennis (1992). Jones, Kenneth W. (ed.). Religious controversy in British India: dialogues in South Asian languages. SUNY series in religious studies. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0827-8.
  10. ^ a b c Muttulingam, Thulasi (2016-12-19). "Politics between gods and worshippers in Jaffna's Hindu pantheon". Daily FT. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
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