User:RandomUserGuy1738/sandbox
Presidents
| No.[a] | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term[1] | Party[b][2] | Election | Vice President[3] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | George Washington (1732–1799) [4] |
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797 |
Unaffiliated | 1788–1789 1792 |
John Adams[c] | ||
| 2 | John Adams (1735–1826) [6] |
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
Federalist | 1796 | Thomas Jefferson[d] | ||
| 3 | Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) [8] |
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 |
Democratic- Republican |
1800 1804 |
Aaron Burr George Clinton | ||
| 4 | James Madison (1751–1836) [9] |
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817 |
Democratic- Republican |
1808 1812 |
George Clinton[e] Vacant after April 20, 1812 Elbridge Gerry[e] Vacant after November 23, 1814 | ||
| 5 | James Monroe (1758–1831) [11] |
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 |
Democratic- Republican |
1816 1820 |
Daniel D. Tompkins | ||
| 6 | John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) [12] |
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 |
Democratic- Republican[f] National Republican |
1824 | John C. Calhoun[g] | ||
| 7 | Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) [15] |
March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837 |
Democratic | 1828 1832 |
John C. Calhoun[h] Vacant after December 28, 1832 Martin Van Buren | ||
| 8 | Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) [16] |
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 |
Democratic | 1836 | Richard Mentor Johnson | ||
| 9 | William Henry Harrison (1773–1841) [17] |
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841[e] |
Whig | 1840 | John Tyler | ||
| 10 | John Tyler (1790–1862) [18] |
April 4, 1841[i] – March 4, 1845 |
Whig[j] Unaffiliated |
– | Vacant throughout presidency | ||
| 11 | James K. Polk (1795–1849) [21] |
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
Democratic | 1844 | George M. Dallas | ||
| 12 | Zachary Taylor (1784–1850) [22] |
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850[e] |
Whig | 1848 | Millard Fillmore | ||
| 13 | Millard Fillmore (1800–1874) [23] |
July 9, 1850[k] – March 4, 1853 |
Whig | – | Vacant throughout presidency | ||
| 14 | Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) [25] |
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857 |
Democratic | 1852 | William R. King[e] Vacant after April 18, 1853 | ||
| 15 | James Buchanan (1791–1868) [26] |
March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 |
Democratic | 1856 | John C. Breckinridge | ||
| 16 | Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) [27] |
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865[e] |
Republican National Union[l] |
1860 1864 |
Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson | ||
| 17 | Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) [29] |
April 15, 1865[m] – March 4, 1869 |
National Union[n] Democratic |
– | Vacant throughout presidency | ||
| 18 | Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) [30] |
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877 |
Republican | 1868 1872 |
Schuyler Colfax Henry Wilson[e] Vacant after November 22, 1875 | ||
| 19 | Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) [31] |
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
Republican | 1876 | William A. Wheeler | ||
| 20 | James A. Garfield (1831–1881) [32] |
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881[e] |
Republican | 1880 | Chester A. Arthur | ||
| 21 | Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886) [33] |
September 19, 1881[o] – March 4, 1885 |
Republican | – | Vacant throughout presidency | ||
| 22 | Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [35] |
March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 |
Democratic | 1884 | Thomas A. Hendricks[e] Vacant after November 25, 1885 | ||
| 23 | Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) [36] |
March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 |
Republican | 1888 | Levi P. Morton | ||
| 24 | Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [35] |
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 |
Democratic | 1892 | Adlai Stevenson I | ||
| 25 | William McKinley (1843–1901) [37] |
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901[e] |
Republican | 1896 1900 |
Garret Hobart[e] Vacant after November 21, 1899 Theodore Roosevelt | ||
| 26 | Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) [38] |
September 14, 1901[p] – March 4, 1909 |
Republican | – 1904 |
Vacant through March 4, 1905 Charles W. Fairbanks | ||
| 27 | William Howard Taft (1857–1930) [40] |
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 |
Republican | 1908 | James S. Sherman[e] Vacant after October 30, 1912 | ||
| 28 | Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) [41] |
March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921 |
Democratic | 1912 1916 |
Thomas R. Marshall | ||
| 29 | Warren G. Harding (1865–1923) [42] |
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923[e] |
Republican | 1920 | Calvin Coolidge | ||
| 30 | Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933) [43] |
August 2, 1923[q] – March 4, 1929 |
Republican | – 1924 |
Vacant through March 4, 1925 Charles G. Dawes | ||
| 31 | Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) [45] |
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
Republican | 1928 | Charles Curtis | ||
| 32 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) [46] |
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945[e] |
Democratic | 1932 1936 1940 1944 |
John Nance Garner Henry A. Wallace Harry S. Truman | ||
| 33 | Harry S. Truman (1884–1972) [47] |
April 12, 1945[r] – January 20, 1953 |
Democratic | – 1948 |
Vacant through January 20, 1949 Alben W. Barkley | ||
| 34 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969) [49] |
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 |
Republican | 1952 1956 |
Richard Nixon | ||
| 35 | John F. Kennedy (1917–1963) [50] |
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963[e] |
Democratic | 1960 | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
| 36 | Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973) [51] |
November 22, 1963[s] – January 20, 1969 |
Democratic | – 1964 |
Vacant through January 20, 1965 Hubert Humphrey | ||
| 37 | Richard Nixon (1913–1994) [53] |
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974[h] |
Republican | 1968 1972 |
Spiro Agnew[h] Vacant: October 10 – December 6, 1973 Gerald Ford[t] | ||
| 38 | Gerald Ford (1913–2006) [54] |
August 9, 1974[u] – January 20, 1977 |
Republican | – | Vacant through December 19, 1974 Nelson Rockefeller[t] | ||
| 39 | Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) [55] |
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
Democratic | 1976 | Walter Mondale | ||
| 40 | Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) [56] |
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 |
Republican | 1980 1984 |
George H. W. Bush | ||
| 41 | George H. W. Bush (1924–2018) [57] |
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
Republican | 1988 | Dan Quayle | ||
| 42 | Bill Clinton (b. 1946) [58] |
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
Democratic | 1992 1996 |
Al Gore | ||
| 43 | George W. Bush (b. 1946) [59] |
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 |
Republican | 2000 2004 |
Joe Lieberman Tom Ridge | ||
| 44 | Barack Obama (b. 1961) [60] |
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 |
Democratic | 2008 2012 |
Joe Biden | ||
| 45 | Donald Trump (b. 1946) [61] |
January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 |
Republican | 2016 | Mike Pence | ||
| 46 | Joe Biden (b. 1942) [62] |
January 20, 2021 – January 20, 2025 |
Democratic | 2020 | Kamala Harris | ||
| 47 | Donald Trump (b. 1946) [61] |
January 20, 2025 – Incumbent |
Republican | 2024 | Josh Shapiro | ||
Prime ministers
- Whig (16)
- Tory (10)
- Conservative (20)
- Liberal (7)
- Labour (6)
- Scottish Unionists (2)
- National Labour (1)
- Peelite (1)
| Portrait | Prime minister Office (Lifespan)
|
Term of office | Mandate[v] | Ministerial offices held as prime minister | Party | Government | Monarch Reign
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | ||||||||
| | [63]
|
3 April 1721
|
11 February 1742
|
20 years, 315 days | 1722 | Whig | Walpole– |
George I r. 1714–1727
| ||
| 1727 | George II r. 1727–1760
| |||||||||
| 1734 | Walpole | |||||||||
| 1741 | ||||||||||
[64]
|
16 February 1742
|
2 July 1743
|
1 year, 137 days[w] | — | Carteret | |||||
[65]
|
27 August 1743[x]
|
6 March 1754[x]
|
10 years, 192 days[w] | — | Broad Bottom I | |||||
| 1747 | Broad Bottom II | |||||||||
[66]
|
16 March 1754
|
11 November 1756
|
2 years, 241 days | 1754 | Newcastle I | |||||
[67]
|
16 November 1756
|
29 June 1757
|
226 days | — | Pitt– | |||||
| 1757 Caretaker | ||||||||||
[68]
|
29 June 1757
|
26 May 1762
|
4 years, 332 days | 1761 | Pitt– | |||||
| Bute– |
George III r. 1760–1820
| |||||||||
[69]
|
26 May 1762
|
8 April 1763
|
318 days | — | Tory | Bute | ||||
[70]
|
16 April 1763
|
10 July 1765
|
2 years, 86 days | — | Whig | Grenville (mainly Whig)
| ||||
[71]
|
13 July 1765
|
30 July 1766
|
1 year, 18 days | — | Whig | Rockingham I | ||||
[72]
|
30 July 1766
|
14 October 1768
|
2 years, 77 days | 1768 | Whig | Chatham | ||||
[73]
|
14 October 1768
|
28 January 1770
|
1 year, 107 days | — | Grafton | |||||
[74]
|
28 January 1770
|
27 March 1782
|
12 years, 59 days | 1774 | Tory (Northite)
|
North | ||||
| 1780 | ||||||||||
[71]
|
27 March 1782
|
1 July 1782
|
97 days[w] | — | Whig | Rockingham II | ||||
[75]
|
4 July 1782
|
26 March 1783
|
266 days | — | Whig | Shelburne | ||||
[76]
|
2 April 1783
|
18 December 1783
|
261 days | — | Whig | Fox–North | ||||
[77]
|
19 December 1783
|
14 March 1801
|
17 years, 86 days | 1784 | Tory (Pittite)
|
Pitt I | ||||
| 1790 | ||||||||||
| 1796 | ||||||||||
[78]
|
17 March 1801
|
10 May 1804
|
3 years, 55 days | 1801 | Tory | Addington | ||||
| 1802 | ||||||||||
[79]
|
10 May 1804
|
23 January 1806
|
1 year, 259 days[w] | — | Tory (Pittite)
|
Pitt II | ||||
[80]
|
11 February 1806
|
25 March 1807
|
1 year, 43 days | 1806 | Whig | All the Talents | ||||
[81]
|
31 March 1807
|
4 October 1809
|
2 years, 188 days | 1807 | Tory (Pittite)
|
Portland II | ||||
[82]
|
4 October 1809
|
11 May 1812
|
2 years, 221 days[w] | — | Perceval | |||||
[83]
|
8 June 1812
|
9 April 1827
|
14 years, 306 days | 1812 | Liverpool | |||||
| 1818 | George IV r. 1820–1830
| |||||||||
| 1820 | ||||||||||
| 1826 | ||||||||||
[84]
|
12 April 1827
|
8 August 1827
|
119 days[w] | — | Tory | Canning | ||||
[85]
|
31 August 1827
|
8 January 1828
|
131 days | — | Tory | Goderich | ||||
[86]
|
22 January 1828
|
16 November 1830
|
2 years, 299 days | — | Tory | Wellington– | ||||
| (1830) | William IV r. 1830–1837
| |||||||||
[87]
|
22 November 1830
|
9 July 1834
|
3 years, 230 days | 1831 | Whig | Grey | ||||
| 1832 | ||||||||||
[88]
|
16 July 1834
|
14 November 1834
|
122 days | — | Melbourne I | |||||
[89]
|
17 November 1834
|
9 December 1834
|
23 days | (—) | Tory | Wellington Caretaker | ||||
[90]
|
10 December 1834
|
8 April 1835
|
120 days | (—) | Conservative | Peel I | ||||
[91]
|
18 April 1835
|
30 August 1841
|
6 years, 135 days | 1835 | Whig | Melbourne II | ||||
| 1837 | Victoria r. 1837–1901
| |||||||||
[90]
|
30 August 1841
|
29 June 1846
|
4 years, 304 days | 1841 | Conservative | Peel II | ||||
[92]
|
30 June 1846
|
21 February 1852
|
5 years, 237 days | (1847) | Whig | Russell I | ||||
[93]
|
23 February 1852
|
17 December 1852
|
299 days | 1852 | Conservative | Who? Who? | ||||
[94]
|
19 December 1852
|
30 January 1855
|
2 years, 43 days | (—) | Peelite | Aberdeen | ||||
[95]
|
6 February 1855
|
19 February 1858
|
3 years, 14 days | 1857 | Whig | Palmerston I | ||||
[96]
|
20 February 1858
|
11 June 1859
|
1 year, 112 days | (—) | Conservative | Derby– | ||||
[97]
|
12 June 1859
|
18 October 1865
|
6 years, 129 days[w] | 1859 | Liberal | Palmerston II | ||||
| 1865 | ||||||||||
[92]
|
29 October 1865
|
26 June 1866
|
241 days | — | Russell II | |||||
[98]
|
28 June 1866
|
25 February 1868
|
1 year, 243 days | (—) | Conservative | Derby– | ||||
[99]
|
27 February 1868
|
1 December 1868
|
279 days | (—) | ||||||
[100]
|
3 December 1868
|
17 February 1874
|
5 years, 77 days | 1868 |
|
Liberal | Gladstone I | |||
[101]
|
20 February 1874
|
21 April 1880
|
6 years, 62 days | 1874 | Conservative | Disraeli II | ||||
[102]
|
23 April 1880
|
9 June 1885
|
5 years, 48 days | 1880 |
|
Liberal | Gladstone II | |||
[103]
|
23 June 1885
|
28 January 1886
|
220 days | (—) | Conservative | Salisbury I | ||||
[102]
|
1 February 1886
|
20 July 1886
|
170 days | (1885) | Liberal | Gladstone III | ||||
[104]
|
25 July 1886
|
11 August 1892
|
6 years, 18 days | (1886) |
|
Conservative | Salisbury II | |||
[102]
|
15 August 1892
|
2 March 1894
|
1 year, 200 days | (1892) | Liberal | Gladstone IV | ||||
[105]
|
5 March 1894
|
22 June 1895
|
1 year, 110 days | (—) | Rosebery | |||||
[106]
|
25 June 1895
|
11 July 1902
|
7 years, 17 days | 1895 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury III | |||
| 1900 | Salisbury IV (Con–
| |||||||||
| Edward VII r. 1901–1910
| ||||||||||
[107]
|
12 July 1902
|
4 December 1905
|
3 years, 146 days | — | Balfour (Con–
| |||||
[108]
|
5 December 1905
|
3 April 1908
|
2 years, 121 days | 1906 | Liberal | Campbell-Bannerman | ||||
[109]
|
8 April 1908
|
5 December 1916
|
8 years, 243 days | — | Asquith I | |||||
| (Jan.1910) | Asquith II | George V r. 1910–1936
| ||||||||
| (Dec.1910) | Asquith III | |||||||||
| (—) | Asquith Coalition | |||||||||
[110]
|
6 December 1916
|
19 October 1922
|
5 years, 318 days | (—) | Lloyd George War | |||||
| 1918 | Lloyd George II | |||||||||
[111]
|
23 October 1922
|
20 May 1923
|
210 days | 1922 | Conservative (Scot.U.)
|
Law | ||||
[112]
|
22 May 1923
|
22 January 1924
|
246 days | — | Conservative | Baldwin I | ||||
[113]
|
22 January 1924
|
4 November 1924
|
288 days | (1923) | Labour | MacDonald I | ||||
[114]
|
4 November 1924
|
4 June 1929
|
4 years, 213 days | 1924 | Conservative | Baldwin II | ||||
[115]
|
5 June 1929
|
7 June 1935
|
6 years, 3 days | (1929) | Labour | MacDonald II | ||||
| (—) | National Labour | National I | ||||||||
| 1931 | National II | |||||||||
| | [116]
|
7 June 1935
|
28 May 1937
|
1 year, 356 days | 1935 | Conservative | National III | |||
| Edward VIII r. 1936
| ||||||||||
| George VI r. 1936–1952
| ||||||||||
[117]
|
28 May 1937
|
10 May 1940
|
2 years, 349 days | — | National IV | |||||
| Chamberlain War | ||||||||||
[118]
|
10 May 1940
|
26 July 1945
|
5 years, 78 days | — | Churchill War | |||||
| Churchill Caretaker | ||||||||||
[119]
|
26 July 1945
|
26 October 1951
|
6 years, 93 days | 1945 |
|
Labour | Attlee I | |||
| 1950 | Attlee II | |||||||||
[120]
|
26 October 1951
|
5 April 1955
|
3 years, 162 days | 1951 |
|
Conservative | Churchill III | |||
| Elizabeth II r. 1952–2022
| ||||||||||
[121]
|
6 April 1955
|
9 January 1957
|
1 year, 279 days | 1955 | Eden | |||||
[122]
|
10 January 1957
|
18 October 1963
|
6 years, 282 days | — | Macmillan I | |||||
| 1959 | Macmillan II | |||||||||
[123][ab]
|
18 October 1963
|
16 October 1964
|
365 days | — | Conservative (Scot.U.)
|
Douglas-Home | ||||
[124]
|
16 October 1964
|
19 June 1970
|
5 years, 247 days | 1964 | Labour | Wilson I | ||||
| 1966 | Wilson II | |||||||||
[125]
|
19 June 1970
|
4 March 1974
|
3 years, 259 days | 1970 | Conservative | Heath | ||||
[124]
|
4 March 1974
|
5 April 1976
|
2 years, 33 days | (Feb.1974) | Labour | Wilson III | ||||
| Oct.1974 | Wilson IV | |||||||||
[126]
|
5 April 1976
|
4 May 1979
|
3 years, 30 days | — | Callaghan | |||||
[127]
|
4 May 1979
|
28 November 1990
|
11 years, 209 days | 1979 | Conservative | Thatcher I | ||||
| 1983 | Thatcher II | |||||||||
| 1987 | Thatcher III | |||||||||
[128]
|
28 November 1990
|
2 May 1997
|
6 years, 156 days | — | Major I | |||||
| 1992 | Major II | |||||||||
[129]
|
2 May 1997
|
27 June 2007
|
10 years, 57 days | 1997 | Labour | Blair I | ||||
| 2001 | Blair II | |||||||||
| 2005 | Blair III | |||||||||
[130]
|
27 June 2007
|
11 May 2010
|
2 years, 319 days | — | Brown | |||||
[131]
|
11 May 2010
|
9 September 2016
|
6 years, 122 days | (2010) | Conservative | Cameron–Clegg | ||||
| 2015 | Cameron II | |||||||||
[132]
|
9 September 2016
|
Incumbent | 9 years, 274 days | — | Johnson I | |||||
| 2017 | Johnson II | |||||||||
| 2021 | Johnson III | |||||||||
| 2025 | Johnson IV | |||||||||
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ LOC; whitehouse.gov.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), pp. 257–258.
- ^ LOC.
- ^ McDonald (2000).
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- ^ Pencak (2000).
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 274.
- ^ Peterson (2000).
- ^ Banning (2000).
- ^ a b c Neale (2004), p. 22.
- ^ Ammon (2000).
- ^ Hargreaves (2000).
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 228; Goldman (1951), p. 159.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), p. 892; Houpt (2010), pp. 26, 280.
- ^ Remini (2000).
- ^ Cole (2000).
- ^ Gutzman (2000).
- ^ Shade (2000).
- ^ Abbott (2013), p. 23.
- ^ Cash (2018), pp. 34–36.
- ^ Rawley (2000).
- ^ Smith (2000).
- ^ Anbinder (2000).
- ^ Abbott (2005), p. 639.
- ^ Gara (2000).
- ^ Gienapp (2000).
- ^ McPherson (b) (2000).
- ^ McSeveney (1986), p. 139.
- ^ a b c Trefousse (2000).
- ^ McPherson (a) (2000).
- ^ Hoogenboom (2000).
- ^ Peskin (2000).
- ^ Reeves (2000).
- ^ Greenberger (2017), pp. 174–175.
- ^ a b Campbell (2000).
- ^ Spetter (2000).
- ^ Gould (a) (2000).
- ^ Harbaugh (2000).
- ^ Abbott (2005), pp. 639–640.
- ^ Gould (b) (2000).
- ^ Ambrosius (2000).
- ^ Hawley (2000).
- ^ McCoy (2000).
- ^ Senate.
- ^ Hoff (a) (2000).
- ^ Brinkley (2000).
- ^ Hamby (2000).
- ^ Abbott (2005), p. 636.
- ^ Ambrose (2000).
- ^ Parmet (2000).
- ^ Gardner (2000).
- ^ Abbott (2005), p. 633.
- ^ Hoff (b) (2000).
- ^ a b Greene (2013).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (a).
- ^ Schaller (2004).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (b).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (c).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (d).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (e).
- ^ a b whitehouse.gov (f).
- ^ whitehouse.gov (g).
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ^ a b The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.
- ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ^ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ^ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ^ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ^ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.
- ^ a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ^ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.
- ^ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.
- ^ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.
- ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 61; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 350–352.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 270; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Seldon 2007, pp. 77, 371, 647; UK Parliament 2017b.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 86; UK Parliament 2012.
- ^ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 65; Lee & Beech 2011; Royal Communications 2016; Wheeler 2016.
- ^ BBC News 2019; Kuenssberg 2019; UK Parliament 2022.
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