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/Linear Algebra Textbooks /Gamow Peak The Gamow peak is an important concept in stellar nucleosynthesis.

2 H2O (l) + CO2 (g) → 2 O2 (g) + CH4 (g)

${\displaystyle v(t)={\dot {t}}a(t)={\ddot {t}}F(t)=m*{\ddot {t}}}$

Subscripts and superscripts should be wrapped in <sub> and <sup> HTML tags, respectively, with no other formatting info, with some exceptions (see below). The {{sup}} and {{sub}} templates are useful shortcuts to the HTML markup. Do not use the Unicode subscripts and superscripts ² and ³, or XML/HTML character entity references (² etc.). Rather, write <sup>2</sup> and <sup>3</sup> to produce the superscripts ² and ³. The superscripted 2 and 3 are easier to read, especially on small displays, and ensure that exponents are properly aligned. Compare:

wⁱx²z⁽ⁿ⁺⁶⁾ (Unicode superscripts) to

wⁱx²z^{(n + 6)} (w<sup>i</sup>x<sup>2</sup>z<sup>(n + 6)</sup>) or

wⁱx²z^{(n + 6)} (w{{sup|i}}x{{sup|2}}z{{sup|(n + 6)}})

1 + x² + y³ (²) to

x&sup332;

1 + x² + y³ (<sup>2</sup>) or

1 + x² + y³ ({{sup|2}})

x³³²

These guidelines also apply in citations and template parameters; templates are responsible for cleaning up markup if needed for external consumption, e.g. for COinS.

Phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet and Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (which are most often inside {{IPA}}, {{IPA link}}, {{UPA}}, and related templates) should use Unicode subscripts and superscripts. This follows the recommendation of the International Phonetic Association^[1] and is done by the tools, help pages, and articles referenced in Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation. Tone should usually be marked with diacritics or IPA tone symbols, according to Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Tone. Use {{Needs IPA}} for any non-compliant articles.

Another exception where Unicode superscripts and subscripts are used is in the title of articles, though this is only rarely necessary. See Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles § Typographic effects.

• The ordinal suffix (e.g., th) is not superscripted (23rd and 496th, not 23^rd and 496^th).
• Centuries and millennia are written using ordinal numbers, without superscripts and without Roman numerals: the second millennium, the 19th century, a 19th-century book (see also Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Numbers as figures or words).
• Non-base-10 notations in non-computer-related articles use subscript notation. For example: 137₉, 241₆, 2A9₁₂, A87D₁₆ (use {{sub|radix}} or <sub>radix</sub>).

• In figured bass, superscript and subscript may be combined by using math markup or by using the {{su}} template: <math>C_6^4</math> = ${\displaystyle C_{6}^{4}}$, ''C''{{su|b=6|p=4}} = C⁴
  ₆; (see also Wikipedia:TeX markup or m:Help:Formula).
• A superscript circle, or degree sign, which indicates a diminished chord, that may not display correctly for everyone, "°", can be produced by copying and pasting, typing °, or by keying Alt+0176 (Windows PCs). A superscript lower case "^o" ({{sup|o}}) may be used instead. The slashed o, "^ø", which may not display correctly for all readers, is produced by superscripting the character produced by typing ø, or by keying Alt+0248 (Windows PCs). Diminished chords can also be indicated with {{music|dim}} and {{music|dimslash}}.
• For inversions and the degree sign superscript and subscript may be done thus: vii{{sup|o}}, I{{sub|6}}. This looks like: vii^o, I₆.

• Squared and cubic metric-symbols are always expressed with a superscript exponent (5 km², 2 cm³); squared imperial and US unit abbreviations may be rendered with sq, and cubic with cu (15 sq mi, 3 cu ft).

A template is available to render consistently. The above example is coded with the template syntax {{sup|2}} rather than <sup>2</sup> or the special Unicode superscript digit '²'.

Descriptions of:

• Chemical compounds

C₂H₅OH using C{{sub|2}}H{{sub|5}}OH

• Isotopes

³
₂He using {{Nuclide2|He|3}}

1. e^2.71828182
2. base m⁰
3. deca m¹
4. hecto m²
5. kilo m³
6. mega m⁶
7. giga m⁹
8. tera m¹²
9. peta m¹⁵
10. exa m¹⁸
11. zetta m²¹
12. yotta m²⁴

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{1}-x_{2}+1.5x_{3}&=8\\&x_{1}-4x_{3}=-1\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{1}-x_{2}+1.5x_{3}&=8\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{1}-0x_{2}+-4x_{3}&=-7\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x_{1}-x_{2}+1.5x_{3}&=8\\&x_{1}-4x_{3}=-1\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(a+b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(a+b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(a+b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{aligned}}}$