User:LittleHow/Fallback food

Fallback foods are foods to which humans and other animals shift their diet during famines when preferred foods are not available to eat to avoid starvation. The term is usually applied to the diet of primates as "the term fallback foods is absent in the wider literature on vertebrates".[1]

Primates

It has been argued that the characteristics such as hardness, patch size, and location and seasonal dispersion of fallback foods shape the physiology, socioecology, and behavior of many primates.[1] Examples of primate fallback foods include bark for orangutans, terrestrial herbs for gorillas, pternandra fruits for gibbons, and mature leaves for Maroon Leaf Monkeys.[1] Adaptations in regard to fallback foods include the unusually thick dental enamel of gray-cheeked mangabeys[2] specialized digestive physiology of colobines for low quality foliage[3]

Hunter-gatherers

References

  1. ^ a b c Marshall AJ. Wrangham RW. (2007). Evolutionary Consequences of Fallback Foods. Int J Primatol 28:1219–1235 doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9218-5
  2. ^ Lambert JE, Chapman CA, Wrangham RW, Conklin-Brittain NL. (2004). Hardness of cercopithecine foods: implications for the critical function of enamel thickness in exploiting fallback foods. Am J Phys Anthropol.125(4):363-8. PMID 15386250
  3. ^ Chivers DJ, Hladik C M. (1984). Diet and gut morphology in primates. In D. J. Chivers, B. A. Wood, & A. Bilsborough (Eds.), Food acquisition and processing in primates (pp. 213–230). New York: Plenum Press.

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