User:Jackwolfroven
Nature timeline
−13 — – −12 — – −11 — – −10 — – −9 — – −8 — – −7 — – −6 — – −5 — – −4 — – −3 — – −2 — – −1 — – 0 — |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | [m] m |
[n] n |
[ɲ] н |
[ŋ], [ŋʲ] ң, ӈ |
||
| Plosive | tenuis | [p] | [t~ɾ] d |
[t͡ʃ] | [k] | |
| aspirated | [pʰ] p |
[tʰ] t |
[tʃʰ] s |
[kʰ] k |
||
| Fricative | [f], [v] f, v |
[s] | [ʃ] x |
[x], [ʁ] | [h], [ʍ] h | |
| Approximant | [l] l |
[j] y |
[w] w |
|||
| first declension | second declension | third d. | fourth d. | fifth d. | adjectives | |||||||
| masculine | feminine | m | m | f | I-m | I-f | ||||||
| -o- | -ā- | -Ø- | -i- | -u- | -i- | -ǎ- | -o- | |||||
| sg. | ||||||||||||
| Nom. | -s | -is | -ō | -s | -us | -ius | -uo | -as | -a | |||
| Gen. | -eis | -ieis | -ās | -eis | -aus | -iaus | -en-s | -er-s | -o | -os | ||
| Dat. | -oi | -ioi | -ai | -ei | -ui | -iui | -en-iui | -er-iai | -am | -ai | ||
| Acc. | -om | -im | -am | -om | -im | -ų | -ių | -en-į | -er-į | -ą | -ą | |
| Abl. | -ōd | -iōd | -ād | -ōd | -īd | -umi | -iumi | -en-iu | -er-imi | -u | -a | |
| Loc. | -ei | -uje | -iuje | -en-yje | -er-yje | -ame | -oje | |||||
| pl. | ||||||||||||
| Nom. | -ōs | -iōs | -ās | -s | -īs | -ūs | -iai | -en-ys | -er-ys | -i | -os | |
| Gen. | -om | -iom | -āsom | -om | -ų | -ių | -en-ų | -er-ų | -ų | -ų | ||
| Dat. | -ois | -iois | -ais | -īs | -ifs | -ums | -iams | -en-ims | -er-ims | -iems | -oms | |
| Acc. | -oss | -ioss | -ass | -s | -us | -ius | -en-is | -er-is | -us | -as | ||
| Abl. | -ois | -iois | -ais | -īs | -ifs | -umis | -iais | -en-imis | -er-imis | -ais | -omis | |
| Loc. | -uose | -iuose | -en-yse | -er-yse | -uose | -ose | ||||||
| first declension | second declension | third d. | fourth d. | fifth d. | |||||||||||||||||
| masculine | feminine | f | m | m | m | f | |||||||||||||||
| I-m | -ǎ- | -i- | I-f | -o- | -ė- | -i- | -u- | -i- | |||||||||||||
| sg. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nom. | -as | -as | -is | -ys | -ias | -a | -a | -ia | -ė | -is | -us | -ius | -uo | ||||||||
| Gen. | -o | -o | -io | -os | -os | -ios | -ės | -ies | -aus | -iaus | -en-s | -er-s | |||||||||
| Dat. | -am | -ui | -iui | -ai | -ai | -iai | -ei | -iai | -iui | -ui | -iui | -en-iui | -er-iai | ||||||||
| Acc. | -ą | -ą | -į | -ią | -ą | -ą | -ią | -ę | -į | -ų | -ių | -en-į | -er-į | ||||||||
| Ins. | -u | -u | -iu | -a | -a | -ia | -e | -imi | -umi | -iumi | -en-iu | -er-imi | |||||||||
| Loc. | -ame | -e | -yje | -oje | -oje | -ioje | -ėje | -yje | -uje | -iuje | -en-yje | -er-yje | |||||||||
| Voc. | -as | -e¹ | -i | -y | -y² | -a | -a | -ia | -e | -i.e. | -au | -iau | -en-i.e. | -er-ie | |||||||
| pl. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nom. | -i | -ai | -iai | -os | -os | -ios | -ės | -ys | -ūs | -iai | -en-ys | -er-ys | |||||||||
| Gen. | -ų | -ų | -ių | -ų | -ų | -ių | -ių | -ių³ | -ų | -ių | -en-ų | -er-ų | |||||||||
| Dat. | -iems | -ams | -iams | -oms | -oms | -ioms | -ėms | -ims | -ums | -iams | -en-ims | -er-ims | |||||||||
| Acc. | -us | -us | -ius | -as | -as | -ias | -es | -is | -us | -ius | -en-is | -er-is | |||||||||
| Ins. | -ais | -ais | -iais | -omis | -omis | -iomis | -ėmis | -imis | -umis | -iais | -en-imis | -er-imis | |||||||||
| Loc. | -uose | -uose | -iuose | -ose | -ose | -iose | -ėse | -yse | -uose | -iuose | -en-yse | -er-yse | |||||||||
| Voc. | -i | -ai | -iai | -os | -os | -ios | -ės | -ys | -ūs | -iai | -en-ys | -er-ys | |||||||||
.svg)
- ^ Yarshater, Ehsan (1993). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9.
Of the four residences of the Achaemenids named by Herodotus — Ecbatana, Pasargadae or Persepolis, Susa and Babylon — the last [situated in Iraq] was maintained as their most important capital, the fixed winter quarters, the central office of bureaucracy, exchanged only in the heat of summer for some cool spot in the highlands. Under the Seleucids and the Parthians the site of the Mesopotamian capital moved a little to the north on the Tigris — to Seleucia and Ctesiphon. It is indeed symbolic that these new foundations were built from the bricks of ancient Babylon, just as later Baghdad, a little further upstream, was built out of the ruins of the Sassanian double city of Seleucia-Ctesiphon.
- ^ Harald Kittel; Juliane House; Brigitte Schultze; Juliane House; Brigitte Schultze (2007). Traduction: encyclopédie internationale de la recherche sur la traduction. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1194–5. ISBN 978-3-11-017145-7.
- ^ Greek and Iranian, E. Tucker, A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, ed. Anastasios-Phoivos Christidēs, Maria Arapopoulou, Maria Chritē, (Cambridge University Press, 2001), 780.
- ^ Boiy, T. (2004). Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon. Peeters Publishers. p. 101. ISBN 978-90-429-1449-0.
- ^ Morris, Ian; Scheidel, Walter (2009). The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium. Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-19-975834-0.
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.