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Shridath Ramphal
Sir Shridath Surendranath Ramphal GCMG AC ONZ OE OCC NIIV OM KC FRSA (3 October 1928 – 30 August 2024), often known as Sir Sonny Ramphal, was a Guyanese politician who was the second Commonwealth Secretary-General, holding the position from 1975 to 1990. He was also the foreign minister of Guyana from 1972 to 1975, and assistant attorney general of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962. Ramphal was an Earth Charter International Commission member. BiographyRamphal was born in New Amsterdam, British Guiana, to an Indo-Guyanese family, and was the eldest of the five children of Grace and Jimmy Ramphal.[2] One of his grandmothers left British India after refusing to commit the sati practice and emigrated to British Guiana under the Indian indenture system.[3] After attending schools in Georgetown, Ramphal studied law at King's College London, graduating with LL.B. and LL.M. degrees. He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in London in 1951. As a pupil barrister he worked with the British politician and lawyer Dingle Foot. Ramphal continued studying law for a year at Harvard Law School in the US on a 1962 Guggenheim Fellowship.[4][5] Ramphal started his legal career as a Crown Counsel in the Attorney-General's Office in 1953, becoming Solicitor-General and then Assistant Attorney-General of the short-lived West Indies Federation. After a period in private practice in Jamaica, he returned to British Guiana in 1965 to be the Attorney General. Two years later, he was also appointed Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs, later becoming Minister of Justice (from 1973) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (from 1972). In 1975, he left Guyana to become Commonwealth Secretary-General.[6] He also served as the Chancellor of the University of Warwick from 1989 to 2002, of the University of the West Indies from 1989 to 2003, and of the University of Guyana from 1990 to 1992.[7] During Ramphal's time as Commonwealth Secretary-General, the United Kingdom represented by Margaret Thatcher was found to be in a minority of one on the issue of economic sanctions against apartheid South Africa. With Ingvar Carlsson, he was in 1995 one of the co-chairs of the Commission on Global Governance, which reported on issues of international development, international security, globalization and global governance. Ramphal died on 30 August 2024, at the age of 95.[8] Selected bibliography
Honours and awardsRamphal was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1966 Birthday Honours.[9] He was knighted in the 1970 New Year Honours, and invested with his knighthood by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 3 February.[10][11] He was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St. George (GCMG) in 1990.[12] On 26 February 1982, Ramphal was appointed an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[13] On 6 February 1990, Ramphal was the 19th appointee to the Order of New Zealand,[14] New Zealand's highest civil honour. He was decorated as a Member of the Order of the Caribbean Community (OCC) in the first conferment in 1992.[5] In May 2006 Ramphal was appointed an Honorary Fellow of Royal Society of Arts. He was a vice-president of the Royal Commonwealth Society. The Ramphal Building at the University of Warwick was named in his honour. In 2002, Rampal was awarded the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize.[15] In 2003, he was awarded the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman by the President of India. In popular cultureRamphal is portrayed by Tony Jayawardena in the fourth season of the Netflix web television series The Crown.[16] References
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