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Secoviridae

Secoviridae
Structure of the Cowpea mosaic virus based on PDB 2BFU
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family: Secoviridae
Genera

See text

Secoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 8 genera and 86 species in this family, one of which is unassigned to a genus.[1][2][3][4] The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of families Sequiviridae, now dissolved, and Comoviridae, now subfamily Comovirinae, along with the then unassigned genera Cheravirus, Sadwavirus, and Torradovirus.[4]

Taxonomy

The family includes the following genera (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):[4]

Structure

Viruses in Secoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 24-7kb in length.[1][2][3]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Sequivirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite
Sadwavirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Nepovirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Fabavirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Comovirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Cheravirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Torradovirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Segmented
Waikavirus Icosahedral Pseudo T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.[1][2][3]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Sequivirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical inoculation: aphids; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella aegopodii; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella pastinacae
Sadwavirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nematodes; mites; thrips
Nepovirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nematodes; mites; thrips
Fabavirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical inoculation: aphids
Comovirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical inoculation: beetles
Cheravirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Nematodes; mites; thrips
Torradovirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Unknown
Waikavirus Gramineae Phloem; phloem parenchyma; bundle sheath Viral movement Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical innocuation: aphids; mechanical innocuation: leafhoppers

Evolution

The subfamily Comovirinae evolved ~1,000 years ago with extant species diversifying between 50 and 250 years ago.[5] This time period coincides with the intensification of agricultural practices in industrial societies.[citation needed]

The mutation rate has been estimated to be 9.29×10−3 to 2.74×10−3 subs/site/year.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b c Thompson, JR; Dasgupta, I; Fuchs, M; Iwanami, T; Karasev, AV; Petrzik, K; Sanfaçon, H; Tzanetakis, I; van der Vlugt, R; Wetzel, T; Yoshikawa, N; ICTV Report Consortium (April 2017). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Secoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 98 (4): 529–531. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000779. PMC 5657025. PMID 28452295.
  2. ^ a b c "Secoviridae". ICTV Online (10th) Report.
  3. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  5. ^ Thompson, JR; Kamath, N; Perry, KL (2014). "An evolutionary analysis of the secoviridae family of viruses". PLOS ONE. 9 (9): e106305. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6305T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106305. PMC 4152289. PMID 25180860.
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