DiCarlo later became a career member of the foreign service and has held overseas assignments in U.S. Embassies in Moscow and Oslo. As director for democratic initiatives for the New Independent States, she oversaw an initiative to promote democratization in the former Soviet republics. She also held the position of U.S. Coordinator for the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe at the Department of State.[3] On October 5, 2006, she attended the opening of the United States Embassy to Montenegro in Podgorica.
Following her appointment by PresidentBarack Obama in 2010, DiCarlo served as deputy permanent representative to the United Nations with the rank and status of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary from 2011 until 2014. In July 2013, she served as President of the UN Security Council.
Following her career in government, DiCarlo served as the president and chief executive officer of the nonprofit National Committee on American Foreign Policy. She took up this role in August 2015.[4] In addition, she was a senior fellow and lecturer at Yale University’s Jackson Institute for Global Affairs,[5] where she taught “Multilateral Institutions in the 21st Century,” a class offered to Yale graduate students.[6]