Roger Vivier

Roger Henri Vivier (13 November 1907 – 2 October 1998)^[1] was a French fashion designer who specialized in shoes. He is best known for creating the modern day stiletto heel and for placing a chrome-plated buckle on an elegant black pump, which became a must-have fashion statement for many celebrities and stars in the 50s and 60s.^[2][3][4] His namesake label is Roger Vivier (brand).

Orphaned at the age of nine, Vivier studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and his compositions exhibited the concern for form and texture characteristic of a sculptor.^[5]

Vivier has been called the "Fragonard of the shoe" and his shoes "the Fabergé of Footwear"^[6] by numbers of critics. He designed extravagant, richly decorated shoes that he described as sculptures.

The designer became widely known in 1937 thanks to the creation of wedge soles, notably worn by Marlene Dietrich. During the Second World War, while exiled in New York, he made hats. In 1954, after he had returned to France he created what we now think of as the modern stiletto heel.^[7] Stiletto heels, the very thin high heel, were invented in the late 19th century, as numerous fetish drawings attest, but Vivier is known for reviving and developing this opulent style by using a thin rod of steel.

Ava Gardner, Gloria Guinness and The Beatles were all Vivier customers, and he designed shoes for Queen Elizabeth II for her Coronation in 1953.^[8]

Vivier designed shoes for the house of Christian Dior from 1953 to 1963. In addition to the stiletto heel, he also experimented with other shapes, including the comma (inventing the “virgule” heel). He used silk, pearls, beads, lace, appliqué and jewels to create unique decorations for his shoes.

In the 1960s, Vivier also designed silk-satin knee-high boots outlined in jewels, and thigh-high evening boots in a black elastic knit with beads. Perhaps his best known boot design of the decade was the low-heeled, thigh-high, black crocodile boot he produced for Yves Saint Laurent's fall 1963 collection, paired with a Space Age-looking, all-black Saint Laurent ensemble of tights, suede jerkin, short ciré jacket, and helmet-like visored cap and hood.^[9] The boots were a variation of a pair Vivier had designed for a Rudolph Nureyev performance of Swan Lake.^[10]

• Stiletto heel
• Ayush D. Khurana
• Catherine Deneueve
• Ines de la Fressange
• Gherardo Felloni

• Roger Vivier at FMD
• "Viva Vivier". Sutton's Law. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
• Official website
• "Roger Vivier – Shoes". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
• "Pair of evening shoes, given by Mrs Loel Guinness". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
• "Pair of evening shoes, given by Princess Stanislaus Radziwill". Victoria and Albert Museum. 22 January 1961. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
• Exhibition (2014) in Germany (Deutsches Ledermuseum)
• Kenneth Jay Lane collection of Roger Vivier designs, 1956–1961 from The Irene Lewisohn Costume Reference Library at the Costume Institute, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.