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Prognoz programme

This article is about the scientific satellites. For the missile detection spacecraft, see US-KMO.
Prognoz
ManufacturerLavochkin
Country of originSoviet Union
OperatorRVSN
ApplicationsScientific research
Specifications
Launch mass920 kilograms (2,030 lb)
RegimeHEO
Production
StatusRetired
Launched12
Retired12
Maiden launchPrognoz 1
14 April 1972
Last launchPrognoz 12
29 August 1996

Prognoz, also known as SO (Solar Object, first three satellites), SO-M (SO-modified, next seven satellites), and SO-M2 (last two satellites, also known as Interball), was a Soviet scientific research satellite programme. Twelve Prognoz satellites were launched between 14 April 1972, and 29 August 1996, by Molniya-M carrier rockets. The satellites were placed in high Earth orbits. The first ten Prognoz satellites were launched from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and the last two from Site 43/3 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.[1][2][3]

The satellites were primarily used for Solar research; however, the later satellites were used for other kinds of research, including research into the Big Bang theory, and Earth's magnetosphere.[4] The tenth satellite was used as part of the Interkosmos programme.

Satellites

Designation[5] Launch date/time (GMT)[6] Mass[4] Apogee
initial[5] 		Perigee
initial[5] 		Inclination
initial[5] 		Mission[4][5] Remarks
Prognoz 1 14 April 1972, 00:54 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) 199,667 kilometres (124,067 mi) 1,005 kilometres (624 mi) 65° Study Solar activity
Prognoz 2 29 June 1972, 03:47 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) 201,804 kilometres (125,395 mi) 517 kilometres (321 mi) 65.3° Study Solar activity
Prognoz 3 15 February 1973, 01:11 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) 200,000 kilometres (120,000 mi) 590 kilometres (370 mi) 65° Study Solar activity
Prognoz 4 22 December 1975, 02:08 905 kilograms (1,995 lb) 199,000 kilometres (124,000 mi) 634 kilometres (394 mi) 65° Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere
Prognoz 5 25 November 1976, 03:59 930 kilograms (2,050 lb) 198,560 kilometres (123,380 mi) 777 kilometres (483 mi) 65.2° Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere
Prognoz 6 22 September 1977, 00:51 910 kilograms (2,010 lb) 197,867 kilometres (122,949 mi) 488 kilometres (303 mi) 65° Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere
Prognoz 7 30 October 1978, 05:23 950 kilograms (2,090 lb) 202,627 kilometres (125,907 mi) 472 kilometres (293 mi) 64.9° Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere
UV, X-ray and Gamma ray astronomy 		Carried Czechoslovakian, French, Hungarian and Swedish experiments
Prognoz 8 25 December 1980, 04:02 910 kilograms (2,010 lb) 197,364 kilometres (122,636 mi) 978 kilometres (608 mi) 65.8° Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere Carried Czechoslovakian, Polish and Swedish experiments
Prognoz 9 1 July 1983, 12:17 1,060 kilograms (2,340 lb) 700,000 kilometres (430,000 mi) 480 kilometres (300 mi) 65° Study Solar and cosmic radiation, Solar Plasma, Earth's magnetosphere and Gamma rays Carried Czechoslovakian and French experiments
Prognoz 10
(Intershock) 		26 April 1985, 05:48 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) 194,734 kilometres (121,002 mi) 5,975 kilometres (3,713 mi) 65° Study Solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere Intercosmos 23. Carried Czechoslovakian experiments
Prognoz 11
(Interball Tail Probe) 		2 August 1995 193,064 kilometres (119,964 mi) 505 kilometres (314 mi) 63.8° Study Solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere
Prognoz 12
(Interball Auroral Probe) 		29 August 1996 19,140 kilometres (11,890 mi) 782 kilometres (486 mi) 62.8° Study aurora

See also

References

  1. ^ "Prognoz 1,2,3 (SO)". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  2. ^ "Prognoz 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 (SO-M)/Intersputnik 23". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  3. ^ "Interball 1,2 (SO-M2 #1,2)". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  4. ^ a b c Encyclopedia Astronautica - Prognoz Archived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c d e "Prognoz spacecraft". www.iki.rssi.ru. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
  6. ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica - Soyuz Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine


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