The fourth child of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Princess Caroline of Baden, Princess Sophie Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmine was born on 27 January 1805 in Nymphenburg Palace, Munich. She was said to be her father’s favorite daughter although she was more attached to her mother, whom she loved dearly. Sophie adored her twin sister Maria Anna and was very close to all her sisters.[citation needed]
Archduchess of Austria (1824–1872)
On 4 November 1824, she married Archduke Franz Karl of Austria. Her paternal half-sister, Caroline Augusta of Bavaria, had married the groom's widowed father, Francis II, in 1816. Sophie and Franz Karl had six children. Emperor Francis II was truly fond of Sophie. Although Sophie had little in common with her husband, she was a caring and devoted wife to Franz Karl who loved and respected her.[1]
Unlike her husband, Sophie was attached to all of her children, especially Franz Joseph, as well as Ferdinand Maximilian, who was her favorite son. She had a reputation for being strong-willed and authoritarian by nature but she was also known as a familiar and sociable person devoted to her family and the Habsburg empire she married into.[1] She enjoyed court life, dance, art and literature as well as horse riding.[2]
Her ambition to place her oldest son on the Austrian throne was a constant theme in Austrian politics.[3] At the time she was called "the only man at court".[4] During the Revolution of 1848, she persuaded her somewhat feeble-minded husband to give up his rights to the throne in favour of their son Franz Joseph.[5]
Archduchess Sophie and her son, the future emperor Franz Joseph (by Joseph Karl Stieler)
After Franz Joseph's accession, Sophie became the power behind the throne.[6]Historically, Sophie is remembered for her extremely adversarial relationship with Franz Joseph's wife Sisi, who was also her niece. Elisabeth hated Sophie for being demanding and the upbringing of Elisabeth's children, but there is no evidence that the Archduchess had the same feelings, as Elisabeth is usually described quite pleasantly in Sophie's diary and letters.[2] Nonetheless, she had better relationships with her other daughters-in-law and was a caring mother-in-law to Archduchess Maria Annunziata.
Sophie kept a detailed diary most of her life, which reveals much about Austrian court life.[2] She was deeply affected in 1867 by the execution in Mexico of her second son Maximilian. She never recovered from that shock, and withdrew from public life. She died from pneumonia in 1872.
Alleged extramarital affair
She was also noted for her close relationship with Napoleon II, who lived at the Austrian Court as the Duke of Reichstadt. There were rumors of a sexual affair between them.[2] There was even suspicion that Maximilian, born two weeks before Reichstadt's death in 1832, was actually his child. These claims were never verified, but it is certain that they were very good friends and that his death affected her very much. She is said to have turned into the hard, ambitious woman described in fiction after he died.[citation needed]
Archduchess Sophie (front row, seated, second from left) with family members, 1860).
In the Sissi films (1955–1957), Vilma Degischer played the part of Sophie as a chillingly strict mother-in-law of the young Empress. The stereotype of Sophie as an uptight and spiteful villain seems to have spread from these films.
Elisabeth, a 1992 musical by Michael Kunze about the life of Empress Elisabeth, where Sophie is portrayed as a malevolent intriguer, out to ruin her daughter-in-law's life by any possible means, though more recent productions have somewhat softened her character with additional scenes and a song that give more insight into Sophie's complex motivations and personality.
In Sissi, l'impératrice rebelle, a 2004 French television film, Sophie was played by Stéphane Audran.
In the 2009 European mini-seriesSisi, Martina Gedeck portrayed Sophie in one of the more balanced interpretations of the character.
^ abEhrlich, Anna; Bauer, Christa (2016). Erzherzogin Sophie: Die starke Frau am Wiener Hof. Wien: Amalthea Signum Verlag. ISBN978-3-99050-024-8. OCLC932029774.
^Van der Kiste, John. (2005). Emperor Francis Joseph: Life, death and the fall of the Hapsburg Empire. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton. ISBN0-7509-3787-4. OCLC58554150.
The generations are numbered from the ascension of Maximilian I Joseph as King of Bavaria in 1806. Only entries with articles are included. Later generations do not legally hold a title due to the German Revolution of 1918.
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