Parainoa

Parainoa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Baeomycetales
Family: Baeomycetaceae
Genus: Parainoa
Resl & T.Sprib. (2014)
Species:
P. subconcolor
Binomial name
Parainoa subconcolor
(Anzi) Resl & T.Sprib. (2014)
Synonyms[1]
  • Biatora subconcolor Anzi (1862)
  • Lecidea subconcolor (Anzi) Jatta (1900)
  • Trapelia subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel (1973)
  • Trapeliopsis subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel (1981)

Parainoa subconcolor is a single-species fungal genus in the family Baeomycetaceae.[2][3] It comprises the species Parainoa subconcolor, a crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Philipp Resl and Toby Spribille to accommodate a species previously classified in Trapeliopsis and Trapelia. Parainoa was segregated from other genera based on molecular phylogenetics evidence showing that Trapeliopsis subconcolor was more closely related to Ainoa than to other Trapeliopsis species, yet distinct enough to warrant its own genus. Statistical tests rejected the hypothesis of monophyly between Ainoa and T. subconcolor.[4] The type species, Parainoa subconcolor, was originally described as Biatora subconcolor by Martino Anzi in 1862 from northern Italy.[5] The genus name Parainoa references its phylogenetic relationship to and past confusion with the genus Ainoa, as well as a historically misidentified specimen from the Andean Páramo that was long confused with Ainoa. While the Asian species Trapeliopsis hainanensis was previously thought to be related to P. subconcolor, examination of isotype specimens revealed distinct morphological features, including tightly interwoven exciple hyphae reaching almost to the exciple surface and the presence of an incipient "stalk" in the hypothecium reminiscent of Baeomyces. Further study, including DNA analysis, is needed to determine its proper taxonomic placement.[4]

Description

Parainoa is characterized by a creamish-white, papillate (warty) thallus, yellowish hypothecium, and conglutinated paraphyses. The genus lacks a differentiated, extended hypothecial stalk for the ascoma. Chemically, the species is distinguished by the production of depsidones as secondary metabolites and the presence of stictic acid, which has been confirmed through thin-layer chromatography in multiple specimens. Gyrophoric acid may be present or absent in the fruiting bodies.[4]

Distribution

While originally described from northern Italy, P. subconcolor has not been recently reported from Europe. The species shows a disjunct distribution with two main centres in South and East Asia and the Neotropics.[4]

References

  1. ^ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Parainoa subconcolor (Anzi) Resl & T. Sprib., in Resl, Schneider, Westberg, Printzen, Palice, Thor, Mayrhofer & Spribille, Fungal Diversity 73: 254 (2014)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Parainoa". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  3. ^ Hyde, K.D.; Noorabadi, M.T.; Thiyagaraja, V.; He, M.Q.; Johnston, P.R.; Wijesinghe, S.N.; et al. (2024). "The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 15 (1): 5146–6239 [5260]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/15/1/25. hdl:1854/LU-8660838.
  4. ^ a b c d Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Westberg, Martin; Printzen, Christian; Palice, Zdeněk; Thor, Göran; Fryday, Alan; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Spribille, Toby (2015). "Diagnostics for a troubled backbone: testing topological hypotheses of trapelioid lichenized fungi in a large-scale phylogeny of Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 239–258. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0332-y. PMC 4746758. PMID 26321894.
  5. ^ Anzi, M. (1862). "Manipulus lichenum rariorum vel novorum Longobardiae et Etruriae" [A Handful of Rare or New Lichens from Lombardy and Tuscany]. Commentario della Società Crittogamologica Italiana (in Latin). 1 (3): 130–166 [151].

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