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Outgroup may refer to: Outgroup (cladistics), an evolutionary-history concept Outgroup (sociology), a social group This disambiguation page lists articles...

devaluation and dehumanization of outgroup members is exacerbated when the initial encoding and configural processing of an outgroup face is impeded. Not only...

In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary...

Outgroup favoritism is a social psychological construct intended to capture why some socially disadvantaged groups will express favorable attitudes (and...

homogeneity effect", "outgroup homogeneity bias" or "relative outgroup homogeneity" have been explicitly contrasted with "outgroup homogeneity" in general...

and their implications for downstream behavior (e.g. prejudice toward outgroup members). Failures in cognitive empathy (also referred to as perspective-taking)...

people will justify behaviors like stereotyping and discrimination against outgroups in order to maintain their positive group image. People with out-group...

explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that accompany the intergroup hostility. Groups may be in competition for...

approach, has been applied to further topics such as leadership, personality, outgroup homogeneity, and power. One tenet of the theory is that the self should...

resulted in sex-specific differences in the way outgroups are perceived, creating ingroup vs. outgroup tendencies that are still observable today. Violence...

positively and deviant ingroup members more negatively than comparable outgroup members. In most sheep, a white fleece is not caused by albinism but by...

where a member of an ingroup proffers help to an outgroup member in order to reduce the threat the outgroup poses to the ingroup. This concept stems from...

their economic well-being is threatened by an outgroup stealing their jobs even if, in reality, the outgroup has no effect on their job opportunities. Still...

resulting in in-group favoritism. The error occurs when attributions of outgroup behavior are more negative and attributions of ingroup behavior are more...

negative outgroup behavior to dispositional causes (more than they would for identical ingroup behavior), and (2) attribute positive outgroup behavior...

image relative to outgroups, and so people want to differentiate their ingroup from relevant outgroups in a desirable way. If an outgroup does not affect...

infrahumanization) is the tacitly held belief that one's ingroup is more human than an outgroup, which is less human. It can also be subjectively defined as a result of...

Social projection occurs between individuals as well as across ingroup and outgroup contexts in a variety of domains. Research has shown that aspects of social...

"Social identity theory explores the phenomenon of the 'ingroup' and 'outgroup', and is based on the view that identities are constituted through a process...

encourage friendly, helpful, egalitarian attitudes and condemn ingroup-outgroup comparisons. Additionally, Allport specified that within intergroup cooperation...

deviant ingroup members more harshly than members that are aligned with an outgroup (Marques et al., 1988). The BSE was first identified by Marques, Yzerbyt...

mental simulation, or imagining, of a positive social interaction with an outgroup member can lead to increased positive attitudes, greater desire for social...

descriptions and negative outgroup descriptions are abstract and vague, while negative ingroup descriptions and positive outgroup descriptions are specific...

meta-stereotypes of their ingroup more positively when talking to a member of an outgroup than to a fellow member of their ingroup. The ingroup vs. out group phenomenon...

ingroup favoritism and outgroup negativity, where outgroup negativity is the act of punishing or placing burdens upon the outgroup. Indeed, a significant...

anticipating interaction with members of an outgroup. Expectations that interactions with foreign members of outgroups will result in an aversive experience...

of elephants. While hyraxes are closely related, they form a taxonomic outgroup to the assemblage of elephants, sirenians, and the extinct orders Embrithopoda...

Infrahumanisation, the tacitly held belief that one's ingroup is more human than an outgroup, which is less human Second-class citizen, a person who is systematically...

relatives and family members Outgroup favoritism, positive regard for groups to which one does not belong Ingroups and outgroups, social groups to which one...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

theory, is a sociological theory that proposes the larger the size of an outgroup, the more the corresponding ingroup perceives it to threaten its own interests...

with (outgroup). The denial of uniquely human attributes leads to a metaphor-based dehumanization process which associates the social outgroup to non-humans...

uncontroversial outgroup—close enough to allow inference from trait data or molecular sequencing, but far enough to be a clear outgroup. Another method...

police violence, death squads) Behavioural asymmetry Deference–systematic outgroup favouritism (minorities favour members of dominant group) asymmetric ingroup...

a strong belief in the importance of distinguishing one's ingroup and outgroup, which leads to an emphasis on some conception of "purity", and a desire...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

diverse group of languages, and are traditionally considered to be an outgroup, branching off first from the other Uralic languages. The term Samoyedic...

identity is being explicitly attacked by an outgroup member (e.g. verbally insulted), then this can result in outgroup derogation. Perceptions of discrimination...

rotifers was Monogononta, with seisonid rotifers as an early-diverging outgroup. Modern molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrate that this classic understanding...

The psychology of self and identity is a subfield of Psychology that moves psychological research "deeper inside the conscious mind of the person and further...

same group, then they would develop more positive attitudes of the former outgroup members. An individual will change the way they view the out-group through...

by comparison to the character states of one or more outgroups. States shared between the outgroup and some members of the in-group are symplesiomorphies;...

distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroup–outgroup differences. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

"Gibbons the outgroup"). Gorillas the outgroup: New DNA comparisons now provided evidence that gorillas, not humans, are the outgroup in the subfamily...

strange or un-American. It expresses a conflict between an ingroup and an outgroup and may manifest as suspicion by one of the other's activities, and beliefs...

genealogy Human Genome Diversity Project Identity politics Ingroups and outgroups Intersectionality List of contemporary ethnic groups List of countries...

to think more categorically about outgroup members and more individually about ingroup members. For example, outgroup members may associate specific facial...

mya) from the proto-rosefinches. Within the genus the House Finch is the outgroup, meaning the Purple and Cassin's finches are more closely related to one...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

comparative test between two ingroups (somewhat closely related species) and an outgroup or “reference species” to compare mutation and evolutionary rates between...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

peer group to an outgroup. The comparison referred to how sixteen different adjectives "fit" or "described" both their ingroup and outgroup. The final part...

An ethnic out-group (also sometimes "outgroup" without hyphen) is a group of people which does not belong to a particular ethnic group, religion or nationality...

group, gentile is sometimes compared to other words used to describe the "outgroup" in other cultures (see List of terms for ethnic out-groups). In some translations...

Outgroup Neritilia rubida Septaria porcellana Neritina Neritina stumpfii Neritina asperulata Neritina powisiana Neritina sp. Suji Neritina petitii Neritina...

Gellertiella Ensifer Sinorhizobium Pararhizobium Rhizobium Allorhizobium Ciceribacter Agrobacterium Pseudorhizobium Neorhizobium outgroup Phyllobacteriaceae...

Stemming from this view, incels express strong aversion towards social outgroups that challenge men's position: these groups namely include modern women...

Placoderms are thought to be paraphyletic, consisting of several distinct outgroups or sister taxa to all living jawed vertebrates, which originated among...

another. This proposed shift with Macronaria placed Diplodocoidea as an outgroup to the new clade Macronaria, under which all other neosauropods would fall...

(YR) and Yankovsky_IA (ancients from the Iron age far east) as shown in outgroup f3 (Studied population, Ancient, Mbuti). The studied populations share...

more exact sense than when used in colloquial language. This can lead outgroups to misunderstand communication attempts. Jargon is sometimes understood...

given across social hierarchy, and both within the ingroup and towards an outgroup; it is an important aspect in the regulation of social hierarchy and the...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

members of their own group than by outgroup members – a pattern the authors described as being "a hero for the outgroup, a black sheep for the ingroup"....

seek to purge it of decadence. Fascism may also centre around an ingroup-outgroup opposition and demonization of "Others", such as various ethnicities, immigrants...

positive feelings toward others. Allport's Scale Malinchism Oikophobia Outgroup favoritism Paradox of tolerance Reverse discrimination Self-hatred Xenophilia...

of genes that classified the domestic duck and fowl, for example, as an outgroup. Comparing and understanding these gene patterns allows scientists to classify...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Lin. megaphylla Lit. auriculata Lin. erythrocarpa Machias clade Alseodaphne-Dehaasia clade Persea clade Phoebe clade Alseodaphne-Persea group Outgroups...

polymorphism (SNP) rates in human populations where chimpanzees are used as an outgroup, that is, as the extant species most genetically similar to Homo sapiens...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Ethnocentrism can explain the basis of one's identity by excluding the outgroup that is the target of ethnocentric sentiments and used as a way of distinguishing...

interactions (i.e., cooperation or violence) is largely determined by whether the outgroup is perceived to be a threat. For instance, empirical evidence suggests...

and convert lactate and/or diols. L. senioris and L. kribbianus form an outgroup to the genus; both species were isolated from vertrebrates and may transition...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Fabales Polygalaceae (outgroup) Surianaceae (outgroup) Quillajaceae (outgroup) Fabaceae Cercidoideae Detarioideae Duparquetioideae Dialioideae Caesalpinioideae...

snails: Gondwanan origin, generic relationships, and the influence of outgroup choice (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

stilesii Pediococcus damnosus Pediococcus inopinatus Pediococcus cellicola Pediococcus ethanolidurans Pediococcus parvulus outgroup Furfurilactobacillus...

Astragaleae (outgroup) Hedysareae Chesneyan Clade Tibetia Gueldenstaedtia Chesneya Spongiocarpella Caraganean Clade Caragana Calophaca Halimodendron Hedysaroid Clade...

Fabales Faboideae (outgroup) Caesalpinioideae Umtiza clade Cassieae clade Pterogyne Caesalpinieae clade Dimorphandra group A Tachigali clade Peltophorum...

cladistic methods, with Hesperocyoninae as an archaic group of canids, as the outgroup. Aside from some transitional forms, Borophaginae can be organized into...

Millettioids (outgroup) Indigofereae Phylloxylon Indigofera Palaeotropical Clade Pantropical Clade Cape Clade Tethyan Clade CRIM Clade Cyamopsis Indigastrum...

root usually requires the inclusion in the input data of at least one "outgroup" known to be only distantly related to the sequences of interest.[citation...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

dramatically dehumanized the outgroup, rating them as closer to animals than full humans. Not only was the degree of outgroup dehumanization quite high among...

Ancylobacter polymorphus Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus Ancylobacter rudongensis Ancylobacter oerskovii outgroups Methylorhabdus Angulomicrobium Starkeya...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

to reduced stereotyping of outgroup members, improved attitudes towards others, and increased helping behavior of outgroup members[clarification needed]...

Fabales outgroup Dialioideae Poeppigia Eligmocarpus Baudouinia Uittienia Zenia Distemonanthus Apuleia Koompassia Martiodendron Mendoravia Storckiella Kalappia...

Allophilia Clientitis Cultural cringe Endophobia Internalized oppression Outgroup favoritism Reverse discrimination Self-hatred Wanderlust Xenocentrism Xenophilia...

usage of distance-matrix methods involves the inclusion of at least one outgroup sequence known to be only distantly related to the sequences of interest...

"us" ingroup and a "them" outgroup into a "we" superordinate group, and can result in ingroup bias towards former outgroups and an increase in prosocial...

effects in group-based admiration. Higher levels of admiration for an outgroup were found only when individuals believed their own group had the potential...

self-justifying mechanism, with the ultimate goal of justifying harm of an outgroup. The concept applies to a wide spectrum of social contexts ranging from...

of elephants. While hyraxes are closely related, they form a taxonomic outgroup to the assemblage of elephants, sirenians, and the extinct orders Embrithopoda...

and Radiation in the Gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales)—Clock Calibration When Outgroup Relationships Are Uncertain". Systematic Biology. 55 (4): 610–622. doi:10...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Hyphomicrobium Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii Hyphomicrobium facile Hyphomicrobium denitrificans outgroup Filomicrobium...

of L3'4'7. It has been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008). The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66...

and community, which was found to positively predict the formation of outgroup romantic relationships. Social identity refers to an individual's sense...

Malpighiales (outgroup) Oxalidales Huaceae Connaraceae Oxalidaceae Cunoniaceae Brunelliaceae Cephalotaceae Elaeocarpaceae...

Turkophile: a fan of Turkey and Turkish culture Positive attitudes towards outgroups can be measured with the allophilia scale. Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, the English...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

when people become aware that they have conflicting beliefs about an outgroup (a group of people that do not belong to an individual's own group), they...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

past, either owls, New World vultures, and hawks were found to be basal outgroups with respect to Coraciimorphae inside Afroaves, or Accipitriformes and...

Dermatophilaceae Arsenicicoccus Austwickia Dermatophilus Mobilicoccus Kineosphaera Piscicoccus outgroups Dermacoccaceae Intrasporangiaceae...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

were noval, resulting in a matrix that includes 109 crocodyliforms and outgroup taxa which are scored based on 412 morphological traits. This cladogram...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

critically incomplete in that it overlooks the divergent roles of ingroups and outgroups in self-definition. That is, it has been demonstrated that while individuals...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

during the Devonian period (about 413–365 million years ago) and is the outgroup to all other members of this lineage. The five other freshwater lungfish...

favour the ingroup over the outgroup exaggerate and overgeneralize the differences between the ingroup and the outgroup (to enhance group distinctiveness)...

crocodile god). Wilberg, Eric W. (2015-07-01). "What's in an Outgroup? The Impact of Outgroup Choice on the Phylogenetic Position of Thalattosuchia (Crocodylomorpha)...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

all their good friends and calculated the ratio of ingroup choices to outgroup choices. According to Dion in 2000, the greater the ratio, the greater...

as a sister species to the sable antelope, with the roan antelope as an outgroup. The bluebuck and sable antelope diverged from each other 2.8 million years...

Yamagishiella (outgroup) Eudorina minodii + Eudorina elegans pro parte + Eudorina compacta Pleodorina thompsonii Eudorina unicocca + Eudorina peripheralis...

Outgroups Opuntioideae Opuntieae Consolea Brasiliopuntia Tacinga Opuntia Miqueliopuntia Salmonopuntia Airampoa (as Tunilla) Tephrocacteae Tephrocactus...

"avenue-builders" were not definitely resolvable, with only a small outgroup being used and outgroup effects on intra-family relationships not being tested. Even...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

recognize those similar to them and feel included. It also helps identify outgroup members and enhance the barrier between the two. Laughter can provide network...

Sepiida (outgroup) Sepia apama Sepia latimanus Idiosepiida Idiosepius sp. Idiosepiidae Sepiolida Semirossia patagonica Sepiolidae Myopsida ⊞Loliginidae...

narcissism predicts conspiracy thinking about secretive malevolent actions of outgroups. There are several connections, and intricate relationships between collective...

style can be used to differentiate members of ingroups from those of outgroups. The term originates from the Hebrew word shibbólet (שִׁבֹּלֶת‎), which...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

metatherians (and, consequently, to marsupials). It is nearly always an immediate outgroup to sparassodonts. Most recently, it has been found to group with sparassodonts...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Micrasterias papillifera Clade H Micrasterias hardyi Micrasterias americana Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis Micrasterias muricata Staurastrum (outgroup)...

them as the earliest diverging group basal to all other sloths. or as an outgroup to Megatherioidea. They displayed significant diversity in body size and...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

complex is to exploit the human evolutionary tendency toward distrust of outgroups. According to Peter T. Coleman, writing for Yes! magazine, "experiencing...

PMID 3346815. Kramer, Roderick M. (2017-01-10). Uslaner, Eric M (ed.). "Ingroup-Outgroup Trust". Oxford Handbooks Online. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013...

convergent evolution, - although they are usually placed sister-taxa/immediate outgroup to Hyaenidae. Sometimes it was placed with the family Stenoplesictidae...

than as an act of personal revenge. Radicalization out of sympathy for an outgroup is rarer, but can be observed in the Weather Underground's attempted alignment...

Paroedura picta (Outgroup) Paroedura bastardi Paroedura guibeae Paroedura manongavato Paroedura rennerae Paroedura ibityensis Paroedura neglecta Paroedura...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Effect: The Role of Confidence and Attributional Complexity Prejudice and Outgroup Perception Getting Hooked on Research in Social Psychology: Examples from...

Cannabaceae (outgroup) Ulmaceae Holoptelea Ampelocera Hemiptelea Zelkova Ulmus...

to be incorrect, with more complete sequences finding Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equines and less closely related to living equines than the...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Lapidilactobacillus Lapidilactobacillus bayanensis Lapidilactobacillus dextrinicus Lapidilactobacillus concavus outgroup Holzapfelia...

Nitraria (outgroup) Peganum P. multisectum P. harmala P. nigellastrum...

Tianyuan as outgroup to Xingyi_EN, La368, and all East Asians is strongly supported (97.8%, Fig. 2a, Supplementary Text S6). In the outgroup-f3-analysis...

noted by Albach (2005). For the time being it should be considered an outgroup. Artanema D.Don → Linderniaceae Chamaegigas Dinter ex Heil → Linderniaceae...

laguerreae Rhizobium aethiopicum Rhizobium esperanzae Rhizobium etli outgroups Allorhizobium Ciceribacter Agrobacterium Pseudorhizobium Neorhizobium...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Englerodendron (outgroup) Anthonotha Anthonotha noldeae Anthonotha cladantha Anthonotha pellegrinii Anthonotha wijmacampensis Anthonotha brieyi Anthonotha...

reports a steady increase in Russians' negative attitudes towards seven outgroups. Muscovites especially became more xenophobic. In 2006, Amnesty International...

algorithmic way, because that would require an outgroup for reference. In the case of the universal tree, no outgroup would exist. The cladistic method was used...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Paroedura picta (Outgroup) Paroedura bastardi Paroedura guibeae Paroedura manongavato Paroedura rennerae Paroedura ibityensis Paroedura neglecta Paroedura...

some religions view it positively and encourage hatred toward certain outgroups. Social and psychological theorists have understood hatred in a utilitarian...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Loteae (outgroup) Sesbania New World Clade Sect. Glottidium Sesbania vesicaria Sect. Daubentonia Sesbania cavanillesii Sesbania drummondii Sesbania punicea...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

relative economic despair and increases in prejudice and violence toward outgroups. Studies of anti-black violence (racist violence) in the southern United...

Brucellaceae Pseudochrobactrum Falsochrobactrum Daeguia Paenochrobactrum Brucella outgroup Phyllobacterium...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Japanese, and Nganasans. When compared against an outgroup from southern Africa (Khomani), outgroup f3 statistics indicate that DevilsGate1 and DevilsGate2...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

for not being a liberal democracy. Religious identity can create ingroup-outgroup preferences that may influence policy preferences. Public support for religion...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

would imply in Chile an ethnocentric and unfavorable attitude towards the outgroup made up of Peru and Bolivia. Examples of this would be the historical narratives...

Rosales (outgroup) Fabales Polygalaceae Surianaceae Quillajaceae Fabaceae...

The remaining species of the Tylosaurus morphotype formed a series of outgroups gradually acquiring traits shared with the Hainosaurus through geologic...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Phylogenetic relationships among 13 taxa of the Cynopoecilini and four outgroup taxa...

theory Fundamental attribution error Ingroup bias List of cognitive biases Outgroup homogeneity bias Outcome bias Ultimate attribution error Hamill, Ruth;...

Ulvales Ulvaceae Ulvellaceae Cloniophoraceae Bolbocoleonaceae Kornmanniaceae Phaeophilaceae Ctenocladaceae Chlorocystidales (outgroup)...

chimpanzees. Humans may have a strong tendency to differ between ingroup and outgroup, which affects altruistic and aggressive behaviour. Also, evidence exists...

consistent with the predicted type of pressure imposed on men and women by outgroup men. For women, these biases are expected to be strongest when threats...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

based LTP_10_2024 120 marker proteins based GTDB 10-RS226 Nitrospirota (outgroup) "Candidatus Aminicenantes" "Candidatus Fischerbacteria" Acidobacteriota...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

including 22 of the 29 subfamilies, and five of the 15 mantis families (as outgroups) showed that the termites are nested within the cockroaches, and that...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

fecundity. The phylogenetic placement of O. fasciatus is ideal to use as an outgroup to make comparisons to more derived holometabolous insects, acting as a...

Nageia (outgroup) Afrocarpus A. gracilior A. mannii A. falcatus A. dawei A. usambarensis...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

to the European wildcat through nuclear DNA, while being placed as an outgroup to the wildcat clade through mitochondrial DNA. In 2017, the Cat Classification...

the patriarchy of the ingroup is minimized while the patriarchy of the outgroup is emphasized. Following the European migration crisis, migration has become...

Erpornithidae (Aves: Corvides): Two new family-group names for babbler-like outgroups of the vireos (Vireonidae)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

choanoflagellate and three sponges confirm the placement of choanoflagellates as an outgroup to Metazoa (animals, also known as Animalia) and negate the possibility...

an ingroup confronted by a risky outgroup will polarize toward caution, an ingroup confronted by a caution outgroup will polarize toward risk, and an...

Radinskya has also been included into the Embrithopoda, treated as an outgroup to perissodactyls. Other Nongshanian phenacolophids include Yuelophus,...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

their counterparts in the outgroup, seeking to elevate their self-esteem by viewing the ingroup as superior to the disliked outgroup on core dimensions. When...

PMC 9138232. PMID 35625398. Baron MG (2022). "The effect of character and outgroup choice on the phylogenetic position of the Jurassic dinosaur Chilesaurus...

snails: Gondwanan origin, generic relationships, and the influence of outgroup choice (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

ethics, ranging from business practices to end-of-life care. Ingroups and outgroups Sontaku Maynard, Michael L; Maynard, Senko K; Taki (1993). 101 Japanese...

The resultant matrix includes 10 baurusuchid species as well as three outgroup taxa, scored based on 74 characters. Below is a cladogram from Godoy et...

have the retinal binding lysine except some among the tetraopins, The outgroup contains other G protein-coupled receptors. Most tetraopsins have also...

favour members of their own group and discriminate against members of an outgroup, even when these groups were deliberately artificial and meaningless. These...

highlands. The qualitative evidence for this is that PCA, ADMIXTURE, and outgroup f3 analysis cluster Levantine hunter–gatherers (Natufians) with Levantine...

used. Confirmation that the syntenic region lacks coding potential in outgroup species allows a de novo origin to be asserted with higher confidence....

two Pinacosaurus species. Both trees are reproduced below excluding the outgroups for improved readability: Xing, Lida; Niu, Kecheng; Mallon, Jordan; Miyashita...

their ingroup and outgroup. For those in the ingroup, the accentuation of characteristics were less for the ingroup than the outgroup, suggesting that...

self-categorization theory, depersonalization makes perceptions of the outgroup more stereotypical. Self-perceptions also shift: self and other ingroup...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Oxalidales (outgroup) Malpighiales euphorbioids Euphorbiaceae Peraceae phyllanthoids Picrodendraceae Phyllanthaceae linoids Linaceae Ixonanthaceae parietal clade...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Pistols's "Bodies" Satisfaction Guaranteed Nawpost Records – Major Conflict's "Outgroup" Creepy Crawl (1997) Another Planet – "Fools Die" live Happy Hour 12" EP...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Tianyuan as outgroup to Xingyi_EN, La368, and all East Asians is strongly supported (97.8%, Fig. 2a, Supplementary Text S6). In the outgroup-f3-analysis...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

because there is an added fear of appearing prejudiced when dealing with an outgroup. Similar to uncertainty, Gudykunst postulates that effective communication...

speakers), (2) "intergroup factors" (e.g. communicators' feelings toward outgroups), and (3) "initial orientations" (e.g., perceived potential for conflict)...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

relative of tetrapods by using slowly evolving ray-finned fish as the outgroup". Genome Biology and Evolution. 9 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1093/gbe/evw288....

since their common ancestor, then the molecular differences between an outgroup (more distantly related) species and the faster-evolving species should...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially defined and morally inferior. As a result, racial groups...

as a sister group of ancient Northern Africans, or alternatively, as an outgroup of all the "Eurasian-ancestry" enriched groups". MacDonald (2003) states:...

recovered using an extensive sampling of 60 hadrosauroid species, and two outgroup taxa, which were scored based on 287 morphological traits, and included...

Asian Horses and Their Phylogenetic Relationship Using a European Horse Outgroup. Journal of Heredity. 94 (5): 374–380. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg079. (subscription...

well as their approximate age of divergence. M. spretus is included as an outgroup that diverged ~2 million years ago (mya), it is not part of the DO project...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

al. (2011) analysis. The resultant matrix includes 91 coelurosaurs and outgroup taxa which are scored based on 363 morphological traits. Philovenator was...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Phyllobacterium bourgognense Phyllobacterium loti Phyllobacterium trifolii Phyllobacterium catacumbae Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense outgroup Brucellaceae...

parties by country Polarized pluralism Political organisation Ingroups and outgroups Education 2020 definition of multiparty: "A system in which several major...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

is often characterized by fear of, or aggression toward, members of an outgroup by members of an ingroup. In that sense it is also similar to communalism...

Fagales (outgroup) Cucurbitales Apodanthaceae Anisophylleaceae Corynocarpaceae Coriariaceae Cucurbitaceae Tetramelaceae Datiscaceae Begoniaceae...

R. (2013). "Lessons from morality-based social identity: the power of outgroup "hate," not just ingroup "love"". Social Justice Research. 26 (1): 81–96...

band. The album also contains a cover version of a Major Conflict track, "Outgroup". Seven years on from Brightside and it would seem the band have not changed...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

restructuring unsettle expectations, then channels them toward a concrete outgroup or elite. Researchers distinguish multiple channels through which actors...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Ito, Masato; Korenko, Stanislav; Klopfstein, Seraina (2021). "Mind the Outgroup and Bare Branches in Total-Evidence Dating: a Case Study of Pimpliform...

Istiodactylidae to consist of five taxa (the first three species listed are outgroup or reference taxa): The cladogram below is a topology recovered by Kellner...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

perpetrator harms a victim because they perceive them to be a member of an outgroup that they are biased against. Perpetrators often harm victims that are...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

P. helikoides group P. elegans Clade B P. pleuronectes P. minutus P. acuminatus P. triqueter Clade A P. limnophilus P. arnoldii Lepocinclis (outgroup)...

in individuals possessing positive biases towards outgroup members, for example regarding outgroup members as less irrational than ingroup members, the...

develop because one feels victimized or the need to defend against an outgroup. D. J. Christie, The Encyclopedia of peace Psychology v1 (2011) p. 997...

support in the phylogenetic analyses of AFLP data, and was used as an outgroup to the New Zealand species and to root the tree. The six sampled individuals...

strong genetic ancestry connections to each other, and that they form an outgroup to other Austronesian-speaking groups. The results of a 2023 study "support...

the DE bifurcation (near the split of D and E) but on the D branch as an outgroup to all other known D chromosomes. In 2019 two other D0 samples were found...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Fagales Nothofagaceae (outgroup) Fagaceae Fagoideae Fagus Quercoideae Trigonobalanus Lithocarpus Chrysolepis Quercus pro parte Notholithocarpus Quercus pro parte...

of this phylogenetic matrix, with Marambionectes as the aristonectine outgroup. These results are shown in the cladogram below. The ⊞ button can be clicked...

Jordan M.; Krueger, Joachim I. (2005). "Social Projection to Ingroups and Outgroups: A Review and Meta-Analysis". Personality and Social Psychology Review...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

a 59-sequence data set of Sium s.l., Helosciadium, Cryptotaenia, and outgroups, the sister groups of S. suave are Sium medium found in Central Asia and...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

its opponents (the "outgroup").[citation needed] Furthermore, groupthink can produce dehumanizing actions against the "outgroup".[citation needed] Members...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Group conflict Homophobia Identity politics Identitarianism Ingroups and outgroups Jingoism Narcissism of small differences Partisanship Pillarization Religious...

Arcanobacterium Buchananella Bowdeniella Actinomyces Winkia Varibaculum Mobiluncus Pauljensenia Boudabousia Gleimia Schaalia outgroup Bifidobacteriales...

were found. The first studied the method's effect on majority members' outgroup attitudes, attitudes towards school empathy, and intergroup friendships...

Algoriella Apibacter Cruoricaptor Bergeyella Elizabethkingia Riemerella Cloacibacterium Chryseobacterium outgroups Ichthyobacteriaceae Flavobacteriaceae...

“normative leanings'' of their group. Therefore, it could be that the idea of outgroups of minorities do not yield attention to the changes that minorities make...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

contorta Nomia Ava Chloroparva Pseudochloris Endolithella mcmurdoensis AHP clade (Auxenochlorella, Helicosporidium, Prototheca) Oocystaceae (outgroup)...

ixorae Fructilactobacillus lindneri Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis Fructilactobacillus vespulae Fructilactobacillus fructivorans outgroup Holzapfelia...

tree, with the South American rheas and African ostriches as successive outgroups. Research published starting in 2010 has found that tinamous are closest...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

2020 phylogenetic analysis involving 59 species of Prodidominae and 32 outgroup species did not recover Prodidominae as monophyletic because Anagrina did...

an offensive behavior are judged more harshly by their ingroup than an outgroup member who does the same. Forsyth, D.R. (2010). Group dynamics (5th edition)...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Euungulata Euungulata Outgroup Mesonychia Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Other Artiodactyla Whippomorpha Hippopotamidae Cetacea Pakicetidae Ambulocetidae...

IL-22 IL-20 IL-19 IL-24 IL-26 IL-10 IFN Type I Type IV Type III Jawless Type II Lancelet Wang et al. (2026), using IL-10 and relatives as the outgroup....

Levilactobacillus acidifarinae Levilactobacillus zymae Levilactobacillus namurensis Levilactobacillus suantsaii Levilactobacillus bambusae outgroup Holzapfelia...

Gay/Lesbian People's Willingness to Date Sexual Orientation Ingroup and Outgroup Members". Journal of Homosexuality. 70 (8): 1461–1478. doi:10.1080/00918369...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

 ... For Iberia_BA (Iberia Bronze Age), we added Iberia_CA_Stp to the outgroup set as a possible source. The same Germany_Beaker + Iberia_CA model shows...

Curvularia brachyspora, Cudonia circinans and Seynesia erumpens as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the division of Arthoniales into seven families, based...

Juglandaceae (outgroup) Myricaceae Canacomyrica Comptonia Myrica Morella...

evolutionary studies. Concerning the latter case, remoras were used as an outgroup when investigating tetrodotoxin resistance in remoras, pufferfish, and...

members of one group that they will be mistreated by members of a malevolent outgroup. Ingroup favoritism: Group members may feel pressure to do what they can...

an in-group and an outgroup. In groups are working hard to make much effort and contribute to the whole group's success; the outgroup is those who are not...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

ingroup as against the members of the outgroup. Moreover, Tajfel reported that individuals can be placed in an outgroup for any number of reasons, including...

but a genetic study has yet to be undertaken (apart from its use as an outgroup). It is found native in Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria. It grows on rocky slopes...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Promicromonosporaceae Luteimicrobium Promicromonospora Xylanimonas Krasilnikoviella Isoptericola Paraoerskovia Oerskovia Cellulosimicrobium outgroup Jonesiaceae...

Philomycidae by Tsai & Wu (2008) (simplified): Arion and Deroceras were used as outgroup. Gray J. E. (November 1847). A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their...

belief. Some behaviors are unique to some cultures, which leads to the outgroup having a harder time decoding the information, these interactions could...

Parvibaculaceae Pyruvatibacter Parvibaculum Tepidicaulis Anderseniella Rhodoligotrophos outgroup Hyphomicrobiaceae...

Bartonella tribocorum Bartonella birtlesii Bartonella florencae Bartonella alsatica Bartonella rattaustraliani Bartonella vinsonii outgroup Brucellaceae...

Mitogenomics: Chronology and Mode of Elephant Evolution Using Mastodon as Outgroup". PLOS Biology. 5 (8) e207. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050207. PMC 1925134...

bordered by the peoples of Wu (吳) and Yue (越). These polities and cultural outgroups in the Yangtze River valley were not fully incorporated into a centralised...

territorial conflicts lead to increased nationalism and intolerance of outgroups, while other kinds of threats have little or no such effect. This intolerance...

Juxia and Forstercooperia, and finally hyracodontids as the successive outgroups of Rhinocerotidae within Rhinocerotoidea. The analysis however, did not...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Latilactobacillus Latilactobacillus curvatus Latilactobacillus sakei Latilactobacillus graminis Latilactobacillus fuchuensis outgroup Holzapfelia...

(InterPro: IPR007357), also known as the FeS-BCP group, form their own outgroup relative to all photolyases. The non-class 2 branch of CPDs tend to be...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

members of their ingroup than those that are handed down from members of an outgroup. In other words, a person is more likely to believe and support fairness...

a real or fancied difference in cultural level between the ingroup and outgroup. Sometimes the same pejorative exonym is applied to different peoples,...

positively than those low in CSE. The results concerning the in-group and outgroup evaluations seem to suggest that people with high CSE can be considered...

In this, erythrosuchids constitute an Archosauriformes clade that is an outgroup to the Archosauria proper. The presence of certain archosaurian features...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

of kinetoplastid phylogeny using environmental sequences and a closer outgroup: proposal for a new classification of the class Kinetoplastea". International...

individuals tend to report more negative attitudes against a variety of social outgroups than individuals who are not religiously affiliated. [...] In addition...

Cucurbitaceae (outgroup) Anisophylleaceae Combretocarpus Polygonanthus Poga Anisophyllea...

Asian Horses and Their Phylogenetic Relationship Using a European Horse Outgroup. Journal of Heredity. 94 (5): 374–380. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg079. (subscription...

diversity. Genera Alveugena, Ambilestes and Procerberus are the immediate outgroups to order Taeniodonta, with genera Alveugena and Procerberus classified...

Asian Horses and Their Phylogenetic Relationship Using a European Horse Outgroup. Journal of Heredity. 94 (5): 374–380. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg079. (subscription...

New Technology (TNT). The original tree used several basal cetaceans as outgroups, however for simplicity only members of Odontoceti are shown below. Coste...

Fructobacillus Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus Fructobacillus tropaeoli Fructobacillus ficulneus Fructobacillus durionis Fructobacillus fructosus outgroup Convivina...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

presence of other people Social integration – Social incorporation of outgroups Social skills – Competence facilitating interaction and communication...

Schlueter, E.; Scheepers, P. (2010). "The relationship between outgroup size and anti-outgroup attitudes: A theoretical synthesis and empirical test of group...

censorship in the educational materials they receive. Allophilia Oikophobia Outgroup favoritism Reverse discrimination Social alienation "Endophobia: What is...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

scrofulaceum M. malmoense M. szulgai M. marinum M. tuberculosis M. gordonae M. simiae M. xenopi M. nonchromogenicum M. terrae outgroup Nocardia asteroides...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

models pass with Afanasievo in the outgroups while models with Afanasievo as the source and Sintashta in the outgroups are all rejected (Figure 3, Online...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Identity negotiation Cultural identity theory Double-swing model Networks and outgroup communication competence Intracultural versus intercultural networks Networks...

the group due to a lack of tubular flowers. Kniphofia is considered an outgroup of Aloeae since it has tubular flowers and a fusion of perianth segments...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

other basidiomycetes (outgroup) Agaricomycetes Cantharellales Sebacinales Auriculariales Stereopsidales Phallomycetidae Geastrales Hysterangiales Gomphales...

– the group that they identify as belonging to – at the expense of the outgroup – the group that they do not identify with. Social identity-based approaches...

by Prothero and coauthors which instead resulted in the genus being the outgroup to a clade containing Floridatragulus and Aguascalientia. The phylogenies...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

between Ashina and Northeast Eurasians, especially ANA, was also evident in outgroup‐f3 statistics (Fig. S5A). Xia, Zi-Yang. "Ancient genome of Empress Ashina...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

RGR-opsins to the other opsins Phylogenetic reconstruction of the opsins. The outgroup contains other G protein-coupled receptors. The frame highlights the tetraopsins...

which, having distinct traditions of their own, can often be viewed as an outgroup and marginalized by the dominant culture. Contrast between rural and urban...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Cucurbitales (outgroup) Fagales Nothofagaceae Fagaceae Myricaceae Juglandaceae Ticodendraceae Betulaceae Casuarinaceae...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

and conservation. Genetic analyses show Otto's sportive lemur to be the outgroup to a clade containing Grewcock's sportive lemur and Milne-Edwards' sportive...

were most closely related to birds, with troodontids as a more distant outgroup. They even suggested that Dromaeosauridae could be paraphyletic relative...

Myricaceae (outgroup) Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma Ceuthostoma Allocasuarina Casuarina...

Outgroup f3 statistics of the form f3 (San; Stuttgart, X), where X is a population across the merged dataset of Sardinia and Human Origins Array data....

forms of stigma (physical deformity, poor personal traits, and tribal outgroup status) are found in most cultures and eras, leading some researchers to...

stereotypes and prejudices can manifest into discrimination towards an outgroup, and for children and adolescents, this may come in the form of exclusion...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Genera Alveugena, Ambilestes and Procerberus were considered the immediate outgroups to Taeniodonta, with genus Alveugena classified as a sister taxon to this...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

chimpanzees. Humans may have a strong tendency to differ between ingroup and outgroup, which affects altruistic and aggressive behavior. There is also evidence...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Kerrieae Exochordeae Neillieae Lyonothamneae Rosoideae Rosodae Potentilleae Roseae Agrimonieae Rubeae Colurieae Ulmarieae Dryadoideae Dryadeae outgroup...

morphological analysis in 2021. Genetic data places Belonocnema kinseyi as an outgroup to a clade containing its sister species B. treatae and B. fossoria. Additionally...

experiment that groups come into conflict and negative attitudes towards the outgroup arise when groups compete for limited resources that only one group may...

analysis. Heterosmilax japonica and S. tsinchengshanensis were used as the outgroup. Some species were represented by multiple populations; * indicates a species...

Phylogenies Typical midpoint rooting Interleukins as outgroup Type IV IFN Type I IFN Type II IFN Type III IFN IL-22 IL-20 IL-10 Type I IFN Type IV IFN...

Attitudes in New Zealand: Naming Preferences Predict Distinct Ingroup and Outgroup Biases". Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. 11 (1): 201–220....

divergence of Epsilonproteobacteria from the Pseudomonadota phylum. Limited outgroup data and low bootstrap values support these discoveries. Despite further...

hypothesis: learning about the outgroup through direct contact, fear and anxiety reduction when interacting with the outgroup, and increased ability to perspective...

outgroup Epilobium 19 taxa Chamaenerion C. dodonaei C. angustifolium C. latifolium C. sect. Rosmarinifolium C. sect. Chamaenerion...

often form due to a common goal. In this type of group, it is possible for outgroup members (i.e., social categories of which one is not a member) to become...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Kordiimonadales Emcibacterales Sneathiellales Hyphomicrobiales Rhodobacterales Micropepsales "Parvularculales" Caulobacterales (outgroup) Spirochaetota...

attempts to emphasize distinctiveness of their ingroup (young) from the outgroup (old). The younger person does this by speaking very quickly and using...

Blastomonas Parasphingorhabdus Rhizorhapis Sphingobium Stakelama Hephaestia Sphingomonas Allosphingosinicella Rhizorhabdus outgroup Erythrobacteraceae...

phylogenetic analysis, wherein the most parsimonious tree recovered it as the outgroup of crown-group squamates. This conclusion was supported by the facts that...

Madagascar. Genetic analyses show Fleurette's sportive lemur to be an outgroup to a clade of eastern Lepilemur containing the Betsileo sportive lemur...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

and Radiation in the Gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales)—Clock Calibration when Outgroup Relationships Are Uncertain". Systematic Biology. 55 (4): 610–622. doi:10...

respects, even when those groups are arbitrarily defined (ingroup bias, outgroup homogeneity bias). Some cognitive biases belong to the subgroup of attentional...

crassirostris (Santa Cruz) G. difficilis (Fernandina) G. difficilis (Santiago) G. difficilis (Pinta) P. inornata (Cocos) outgroup (T. bicolor, L. noctis)...

collected and analyzed the mitochondrial sequences of 41 ingroup and 6 outgroup taxa. By using two simultaneous Bayesian sequence alignment methods, they...

subsections, while the Malesian species within Pseudovireya also formed an outgroup, resulting in three major clades. Thus Craven et al. proposed there be...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

snails: Gondwanan origin, generic relationships, and the influence of outgroup choice (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean...

other groups of people starting as young as age 3, creating an ingroup and outgroup view on members of various races, usually starting with skin color. In...

species from the Old World included in the group. The Tibetan serin is an outgroup within Spinus, having been the first to diverge. The remainder of the genus...

ideologies influence how individuals perceive, judge and treat cultural outgroup members. Different diversity ideologies are associated with distinct effects...

some people may experience anxiety particularly during interactions with outgroup members, or people who share different group memberships (i.e., by race...

PMID 11211268. Dalevi, D; Hugenholtz P; Blackall LL (2001). "A multiple-outgroup approach to resolving division-level phylogenetic relationships using 16S...

Vipera berus (Outgroup) Ovophis Ovophis tonkinensis GP 1665 KIZ 011602 Ovophis makazayazaya YPX 53011 GP 21 KIZ 02143 Ovophis zayuensis GP 713 GP 1505...

In the cladogram by Wielstra and Arntzen, the outgroup is the genus Calotriton (above, the Pyrenean brook salamander, C. asper), in which the described...

Cyanothamnus and the problems associated with inappropriately defined outgroups". Taxon. 69 (3): 481–499. doi:10.1002/tax.12242. Duretto, Marco F.; Wilson...

two bison species to form a clade. It also found that the yaks are an outgroup in relation to the rest of the bovinans, supporting their classification...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Eurasian and the remainder West Eurasian ("Using admixture graphs and outgroup-based estimation of mixture proportions, we find that ANS can be modelled...

Tepidamorphaceae Lutibaculum Butyratibacter Microbaculum Tepidamorphus outgroup Kaistiaceae...

appears to be the sister taxon to Anopheles, with Chagasia forming the outgroup in this subfamily. The species Chagasia bathana has 8 chromosomes and males...

related Pterygotoidea, with Carcinosomatoidea and the waeringopteroids as outgroup taxa (used as reference groups). Unionopterus was likewise classified in...

outcross, and the progeny is said to be outbred. Contrast inbreeding. outgroup paleontology paleopolyploidy para-allopatric speciation A mode of speciation...

biases within war journalism. These include biases towards: seeing an outgroup as more homogeneous (with less internal variety) than it really is, ignoring...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

(March 2015). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal the extinct Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equids". Biology Letters. 11 (3) 20141058. doi:10.1098/rsbl...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

– nucleic acid sequence – synapomorphy – homology – molecular clock – outgroup (cladistics) – maximum parsimony (phylogenetics) – Computational phylogenetics...

and Elephant Phylogenetic Relationships: Mammut Americanum, the Missing Outgroup". Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 3 117693430700300019: 45–51. doi:10...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

mucosae Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi Limosilactobacillus gastricus Limosilactobacillus gorillae Limosilactobacillus fermentum outgroup Holzapfelia...

Mycolicibacter minnesotensis Mycolicibacter nonchromogenicus "Mycolicibacter icosiumassiliensis" Mycolicibacter heraklionensis Mycolicibacillus (outgroup)...

analysis, we see 13 Nanhsiungchelyid taxa represented, with Adocus used as an outgroup. Nanhsiungchelys and Anomalochelys are recovered as being in a clade together...

Allophilia Double standard Endophobia Internalized oppression Minoritarianism Outgroup favoritism Paradox of tolerance Prejudice plus power Xenophilia All-women...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

humans into an ingroup and an outgroup, as has been documented in many psychological studies. Members of the outgroup are seen as inherently inferior...

if eyes evolved once there) always use r-opsins. Cnidaria, which are an outgroup to the taxa mentioned above, express c-opsins—but r-opsins are yet to be...

debated. Using pneumoviruses (mononegaviral family Pneumoviridae) as an outgroup, paramyxoviruses can be divided into two clades: one consisting of avulaviruses...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 13 (1): 1–19....

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

analysis—particularly inadequate search parameters, matrix design, and outgroup sampling—render its conclusions about dinosaur origins unreliable. Dempsey...

self-serving situations and situations in which people hold prejudices regarding outgroups, particular opinions, and personal and group-related issues. Perceived...

from a large group of Eurasian taxa. Probactrosaurus was selected as the outgroup to Hadrosauromorpha because of numerous differences that Norman (2014)...

real or fancied difference in cultural level between the ingroup and the outgroup." For example, Matisoff notes, Khang "an opprobrious term indicating mixed...

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Sequence Data and a Broad Sampling of Outgroups". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 16 (3): 331–338. Bibcode:2000MolPE...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

and the nothrotheriid sloths. While it is generally represented as an outgroup to Nothrotheriidae and a genus of uncertain relationships, it shows most...

paraphrasing Snyder and Miene (1994), notes that "the old is the only outgroup that inevitably becomes an ingroup for individuals who live long enough"...

Italian strains. A. andersonii and A. ostenfeldii were found to be the outgroup and formed the root of the tree. The A. catenella group includes A. catenella...

prevalent when there are noticeable differences between ingroups and outgroups, with the outgroup members experiencing hostile prejudice from ingroup members....

Eichinger et al. 2013 Myriochele (Outgroup) Frenulata ⊞ ⊟ Siboglinum ekmani Galathealinum brachiosum Polybrachia sp. Siphonobrachia ilyophora Spirobrachia...

2024, p. 12–13 (Note: The text groups Sanducystis with eocrinoids as the outgroup, but the paper cited classifies it as a glyptocystitoid; it is shown un-bracketed...

the target Asian, White, and Black women. However, Black women viewed outgroup targets as less attractive than did Asian and White participants, suggesting...

perceived warmth and thus are thought to fall into the category of the 'envied outgroup' within the context of this stereotype. Additional studies have shown that...

Asian Horses and Their Phylogenetic Relationship Using a European Horse Outgroup. Journal of Heredity. 94 (5): 374–380. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg079. (subscription...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Ciceribacter naphthalenivorans Ciceribacter daejeonensis Ciceribacter lividus Ciceribacter thiooxidans Ciceribacter ferrooxidans outgroups Peteryoungia...

uses population polymorphism data but also data from an outgroup species. Due to the outgroup species, you can now tell what the ancestral state of the...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Eurypterina suborder of eurypterids, with the Stylonurina suborder as an outgroup. In 2017, W. Scott Persons IV and John Acorn reported finding an S. acuminata...

divide in most of countries included in the study. Moreover, it shows that outgroup derogation dominates ingroup favoritism in 22 out of 25 countries. The...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

are conflicting. Nautilus tends to be considered an outgroup, with Vampyroteuthis forming an outgroup to other squid; however in one analysis the nautiloids...

Haplogroups L5 (120 kya), L2 and L6 (90 kya), L4 (80 kya) and L3 (70 kya). The outgroup for mtDNA phylogeny of modern humans is the mtDNA of archaic humans, specifically...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

the smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura), included in the study as an outgroup). These results support the growing consensus that neither Dasyatis nor...

an outgroup in a 2018 phylogenetic study of some Andean Hypericum species, and had its DNA sequenced at that time. It was again used as an outgroup in...

rights Group identity includes group dynamics, in-group preferences and outgroup distrust, which are often activated in contexts of threat. Further, group...

Sphingomonadales Sphingosinicellaceae Zymomonadaceae Sphingomonadaceae Erythrobacteraceae outgroup Rhodospirillales...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

ferns (Marattiaceae) inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup". American Journal of Botany. 95 (5): 626–641. Bibcode:2008AmJB...95..626M...

firstly that Baronia brevicornis Salvin 1893, rather than belonging to an outgroup Baroniinae belongs to Parnassiini, together with Hypermnestra and Parnassius...

individuals see their own violence as justified and moral, while the outgroup's violence is unjustified and morally wrong. Lack of empathy – because individuals...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

Fabales Detarioideae (outgroup) Cercidoideae Cercis Adenolobus Griffonia Piliostigma Brenierea Bauhinia sensu stricto Gigasiphon Tylosema Schnella Barklya...

studies supported the arrangement of primitive megalosaurs as serial outgroups to a clade of allosaurids, followed by the Coelurosauria. Subsequent studies...

racial rhetoric in America and around the world, and the ways empathy for outgroups can blunt dangerous overreactions to threats from globalization and multiculturalism...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

most distant relative of S. cereale and most closely related to other outgroups. This is seen through lower rates of rye simple sequence repeat (SSR)...

Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Misandry Misogyny Misogynoir Nepotism Outgroup Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Regional Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism...

related to any living animal. Cimolestes in particular follows as the direct outgroup to Taeniodonta, indicating that the latter evolved from forms similar to...