en Orce

Orce, Spain
Orce, Spain
city
	View of Orce
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Orce
	Coordinates: 37°43′17″N 02°28′46″W / 37.72139°N 2.47944°W
Country	Spain
Province	Granada
Municipality	Orce
Area
• Total	324 km2 (125 sq mi)
Elevation	928 m (3,045 ft)
Population (2018)
• Total	1,198
• Density	3.7/km2 (9.6/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)

Orce is a municipality located in the province of Granada, in southeastern Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the town has a population of 1,333 inhabitants.

Paleoanthropology

Orce is the location of the paleo-archaeological sites known as Barranco León, Venta Micena, and Fuente Nueva 3, near the basin of an ancient lake where fossils have been preserved in sediment. Josep Gibert of the M. Crusafont Institute in Sabadell has led an excavation team there. He asserts that the sites have Oldowan-style stone tools dating between 1.5 and 1.8 million years ago. If the early estimates are supported, these would represent the oldest stone tool finds in Europe^[2] and of settlers in Europe.^[3] Other scholars prefer a more conservative date for the stone tools of 1.2 million years.^[4] Together with the hominid remains at the Atapuerca Mountains, the tools are evidence that human ancestors settled in western Europe more than one million years (Ma) ago.

Recent numerical dating studies using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) method applied to fossil teeth and quartz grains have provided ages of ca. 1.2 Ma for Fuente Nueva 3, and ca. 1.4 Ma for Barranco León and Venta Micena.^[5]

References

^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
^ "Ancient Roads to Europe: African ancestors may have entered Europe surprisingly early", Science News, 151 (1): 12–13, January 4, 1997, doi:10.2307/3980723, JSTOR 3980723
^ Orce, Spain: The site of Europe's earliest settlers, 15 November 2023, retrieved 15 November 2023
^ Balter, Michael (2001). "In Search of the First Europeans". Science. New Series. 291 (5509): 1722–1725. doi:10.1126/science.291.5509.1722. PMID 11249813. S2CID 12954070.
^ Duval, Mathieu; Falguères, Christophe; Bahain, Jean-Jacques (July 2012). "Age of the oldest hominin settlements in Spain: Contribution of the combined U-series/ESR dating method applied to fossil teeth". Quaternary Geochronology. 10: 412–417. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.025. hdl:10072/340136.

External links

Official site of the Village of Orce (in Spanish)

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[1] Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.

[2] "Ancient Roads to Europe: African ancestors may have entered Europe surprisingly early", Science News, 151 (1): 12–13, January 4, 1997, doi:10.2307/3980723, JSTOR 3980723

[3] Orce, Spain: The site of Europe's earliest settlers, 15 November 2023, retrieved 15 November 2023

[4] Balter, Michael (2001). "In Search of the First Europeans". Science. New Series. 291 (5509): 1722–1725. doi:10.1126/science.291.5509.1722. PMID 11249813. S2CID 12954070.

[5] Duval, Mathieu; Falguères, Christophe; Bahain, Jean-Jacques (July 2012). "Age of the oldest hominin settlements in Spain: Contribution of the combined U-series/ESR dating method applied to fossil teeth". Quaternary Geochronology. 10: 412–417. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.025. hdl:10072/340136.

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