The 927-square-kilometre (358 sq mi) municipality is the 127th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nordkapp is the 231st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,951. The municipality's population density is 3.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.2% over the previous 10-year period.[6][7]
Around 200,000 tourists visit Nordkapp annually during the two to three months of summer. The main tourist attractions are the North Cape and the nearby Knivskjellodden. The North Cape first became famous when the English explorer Richard Chancellor rounded it in 1553 while attempting to find a sea route through the Northeast Passage. Helnes Lighthouse is located at the entrance to the Porsangerfjorden.[5]
General information
Nordkapp and KnivskjelloddenGullgammen near North Cape
This municipality was established on 1 July 1861 when the northern district of Kistrand Municipality was separated to form the new Kjelvik Municipality. Initially, the new municipality encompassed the land on both sides of the northern end of the Porsangerfjorden, including the eastern part of the island of Magerøya, and it had a population of 345. The name of the municipality was changed from Kjelvik to Nordkapp in 1950. On 1 January 1984, the western part of the island of Magerøya as well as the small surrounding islands of Gjesværstappan (population: 240) were transferred from Måsøy Municipality to Nordkapp Municipality.[8]
On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county.[9] On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county.[10]
Name
The municipality (originally the parish) was named after the old Kjelvik farm (Old Norse: Ketilvík) since the first Kjelvik Church was built there. The first element is derived from the word ketill which means "helmet" or "kettle". The last element is vík which means "cove" or "bay".[11] The municipality was originally named Kjelvik, but that village was totally destroyed by the Germans in 1944 and it was never rebuilt. As a consequence of this, on 8 July 1949, a royal resolution changed the name of the municipality to Nordkapp effective on 1 January 1950.[12] Nordkapp is a Norwegianized form of the English name North Cape by which the area was historically known dating back to at least 1553. The Old Norse name of the cape was Knyskanes.[5]
Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 19 October 1973. The official blazon is "Per fessangeledOr and gules" (Norwegian: Delt av gull og rødt ved enkelt venstre trappesnitt). This means the arms have a field (background) that is divided by an angeled line. Above the line the field has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. Below the line, the field has a tincture of gules (red). The arms are designed to look like a simplified silhouette of the North Cape, a large cliff in Nordkapp Municipality that is traditionally taken to be the northernmost point in Norway and of the European continent. The red and yellow colors are meant to show the sea under a golden sky representing the midnight sun. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg.[13][14][15]
The municipal council(Kommunestyre) of Nordkapp is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.
The municipality is named after Nordkapp (North Cape), a 307-metre-high (1,007 ft) cliff that is commonly referred to as the northernmost point of Europe. However, the true northernmost point of the European mainland is Cape Nordkinn (Kinnarodden), at 71° 08′ 02″ N, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the village of Mehamn on the Nordkinn Peninsula. If Europe's northernmost point is allowed to be on an island, then it still is not the North Cape. It would be Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land in Russia, which is located much further north at 81° 48′ 24″ N. If Franz Josef Land is not considered to be in Europe, then Europe's northernmost point is the northern point of the island of Rossøya, an islet in Svalbard, north of Spitsbergen at 80° 49′ 44.41″ N.
Birdlife
Aurora near Honningsvåg
This coastal municipality is like many others in Finnmark, home of large seabird colonies. The island group known as Gjesværstappan is one of the better known with at least 2,500 pairs of razorbill. Away from the coast it is the typical tundrahabitat of the region that dominates with lakes, marshes, and areas of willow scrub. Many of the lakes hold breeding wildfowl, with species like long-tailed duck being found.
Climate
The populated areas of Nordkapp municipality have a subarctic climate (Dfc) with long, moderately cold winters and short, cool summers. If February were slightly warmer it would be a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc). The well known North Cape plateau (cliff) is at 307 m ASL and will be colder with a tundra climate.
Climate data for Nordkapp,[a] 1991–2020 normals, extremes 2002–present
Due to the heavy tourist traffic in the summers, Nordkapp has an extensive transportation infrastructure for such a small, remote municipality. The Honningsvåg Airport is located just north of the town of Honningsvåg, with daily connections to Tromsø. The European route E69 highway runs north throughout the municipality from Porsanger to the North Cape. The North Cape Tunnel connects the mainland to the island of Magerøya. The Honningsvåg Tunnel goes through a large mountain near Honningsvåg.[5]
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