Subwavelength-structured waveguides
In photonics , a meta-waveguide is a physical structures that guides electromagnetic waves with engineered functional subwavelength structures.[ 1] Meta-waveguides are the result of combining the fields of metamaterials and metasurfaces into integrated optics .[ 2] [ 3] The design of the subwavelength architecture allows exotic waveguiding phenomena to be explored.[ 3] [ 4]
Meta-waveguides can be classified by waveguide platforms or by design methods.[ 2] If classified by underlying waveguide platform, engineered subwavelength structures can be classified in combination with dielectric waveguides , optical fibers , or plasmonic waveguides . If classified by design methods, meta-waveguides can be classified as either using design primarily by physical intuition, or by computer algorithm based inverse design methods.[ 1] [ 5]
Meta-waveguides can provide new degrees of design freedom to the available structural library for optical waveguides in integrated photonics.[ 1] [ 3] Advantages can include enhancing the performance of conventional waveguide based integrated optical devices and creating novel device functionalities.[ 1] [ 3] Applications of meta-waveguides include beam/polarization splitting,[ 3] integrated waveguide mode converters,[ 4] versatile waveguide couplers,[ 6] lab-on-fiber sensing,[ 7] nano-optic endoscope imaging,[ 8] on-chip wavefront shaping,[ 9] structured-light generations,[ 10] and optical neural networks .[ 11] [ 12] The meta-structures can also be further integrated with van der Waals materials to add more functionalities and reconfigurability.[ 13] [ 14]
References
^ a b c d Meng, Yuan; Chen, Yizhen; Lu, Longhui; Ding, Yimin; Cusano, Andrea; Fan, Jonathan A.; Hu, Qiaomu; Wang, Kaiyuan; Xie, Zhenwei; Liu, Zhoutian; Yang, Yuanmu (2021-11-22). "Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond" . Light: Science & Applications . 10 (1): 235. doi :10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x . ISSN 2047-7538 . PMC 8608813 . PMID 34811345 .
^ a b Sciences, Chinese Academy of. "Allying meta-structures with diverse optical waveguides for integrated photonics and more" . phys.org . Retrieved 2022-05-03 .
^ a b c d e Cheben, Pavel; Halir, Robert; Schmid, Jens H.; Atwater, Harry A.; Smith, David R. (August 2018). "Subwavelength integrated photonics" . Nature . 560 (7720): 565–572. doi :10.1038/s41586-018-0421-7 . ISSN 1476-4687 . PMID 30158604 . S2CID 52117964 .
^ a b Li, Zhaoyi; Kim, Myoung-Hwan; Wang, Cheng; Han, Zhaohong; Shrestha, Sajan; Overvig, Adam Christopher; Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron; Agarwal, Anuradha Murthy ; Lončar, Marko; Yu, Nanfang (July 2017). "Controlling propagation and coupling of waveguide modes using phase-gradient metasurfaces" . Nature Nanotechnology . 12 (7): 675–683. doi :10.1038/nnano.2017.50 . ISSN 1748-3395 . OSTI 1412777 . PMID 28416817 .
^ Molesky, Sean; Lin, Zin; Piggott, Alexander Y.; Jin, Weiliang; Vucković, Jelena; Rodriguez, Alejandro W. (November 2018). "Inverse design in nanophotonics" . Nature Photonics . 12 (11): 659–670. arXiv :1801.06715 . doi :10.1038/s41566-018-0246-9 . ISSN 1749-4893 . S2CID 55105919 .
^ Meng, Yuan; Liu, Zhoutian; Xie, Zhenwei; Wang, Ride; Qi, Tiancheng; Hu, Futai; Kim, Hyunseok; Xiao, Qirong; Fu, Xing; Wu, Qiang; Bae, Sang-Hoon (2020-04-01). "Versatile on-chip light coupling and (de)multiplexing from arbitrary polarizations to controlled waveguide modes using an integrated dielectric metasurface" . Photonics Research . 8 (4): 564–576. doi :10.1364/PRJ.384449 . ISSN 2327-9125 . S2CID 213576669 .
^ Principe, Maria; Consales, Marco; Micco, Alberto; Crescitelli, Alessio; Castaldi, Giuseppe; Esposito, Emanuela; La Ferrara, Vera; Cutolo, Antonello; Galdi, Vincenzo; Cusano, Andrea (March 2017). "Optical fiber meta-tips" . Light: Science & Applications . 6 (3): e16226. doi :10.1038/lsa.2016.226 . ISSN 2047-7538 . PMC 6062173 . PMID 30167235 .
^ Pahlevaninezhad, Hamid; Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza; Huang, Yao-Wei; Shi, Zhujun; Hariri, Lida P.; Adams, David C.; Ding, Vivien; Zhu, Alexander; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Capasso, Federico; Suter, Melissa J. (September 2018). "Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in vivo" . Nature Photonics . 12 (9): 540–547. doi :10.1038/s41566-018-0224-2 . ISSN 1749-4893 . PMC 6350822 . PMID 30713581 .
^ Wang, Zi; Li, Tiantian; Soman, Anishkumar; Mao, Dun; Kananen, Thomas; Gu, Tingyi (2019-08-07). "On-chip wavefront shaping with dielectric metasurface" . Nature Communications . 10 (1): 3547. doi :10.1038/s41467-019-11578-y . ISSN 2041-1723 . PMC 6686019 . PMID 31391468 .
^ He, Tiantian (2021-11-22). "Guided mode meta-optics: metasurface-dressed waveguides for arbitrary mode couplers and on-chip OAM emitters with a configurable topological charge" . Optics Express . 29 (24): 39406–39418. doi :10.1364/OE.443186 . ISSN 1094-4087 . PMID 34809306 . S2CID 243813207 .
^ Khoram, Erfan; Chen, Ang; Liu, Dianjing; Ying, Lei; Wang, Qiqi; Yuan, Ming; Yu, Zongfu (2019-08-01). "Nanophotonic media for artificial neural inference" . Photonics Research . 7 (8): 823–827. arXiv :1810.07815 . doi :10.1364/PRJ.7.000823 . ISSN 2327-9125 . S2CID 173991055 .
^ Wu, Changming; Yu, Heshan; Lee, Seokhyeong; Peng, Ruoming; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Li, Mo (2021-01-04). "Programmable phase-change metasurfaces on waveguides for multimode photonic convolutional neural network" . Nature Communications . 12 (1): 96. doi :10.1038/s41467-020-20365-z . ISSN 2041-1723 . PMC 7782756 . PMID 33398011 .
^ Meng, Yuan; Feng, Jiangang; Han, Sangmoon; Xu, Zhihao; Mao, Wenbo; Zhang, Tan; Kim, Justin S.; Roh, Ilpyo; Zhao, Yepin; Kim, Dong-Hwan; Yang, Yang; Lee, Jin-Wook; Yang, Lan; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Bae, Sang-Hoon (2023-04-21). "Photonic van der Waals integration from 2D materials to 3D nanomembranes" . Nature Reviews Materials : 1–20. doi :10.1038/s41578-023-00558-w . ISSN 2058-8437 .
^ Liu, Yuan; Huang, Yu; Duan, Xiangfeng (March 2019). "Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials" . Nature . 567 (7748): 323–333. doi :10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x . ISSN 1476-4687 .