List of retired Australian region cyclone names
Satellite image of Cyclone Monica , the strongest recorded tropical cyclone in the Australian region by wind speed Tropical cyclones are non-frontal , low-pressure systems that develop, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft.[ 1] pre-determined lists , to such systems, once they reach or exceed ten–minute sustained wind speeds of 65 km/h (40 mph), near the center, by either the Australian Bureau of Meteorology , Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service or Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika .[ 1] officially named since the 1963–64 Australian region cyclone season , though several meteorological papers show that a few tropical cyclones were named before 1964–65.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] World Meteorological Organization 's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee at their bi-annual meeting. Storms named by Port Moresby are automatically retired regardless of their impact due to their infrequent occurrence.[ 1]
Within the Australian region, there have been a total of 134 tropical cyclone names retired. Among the retired storms are cyclones Gwenda and Inigo , two of the most intense systems ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere; both attained a barometric pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg). The deadliest cyclone to have its named retired was Cyclone Freddy in 2023, which killed 1,434 people across the Indian Ocean , while the most damaging system to have its name retired was Cyclone Gabrielle in 2023, which left A$12.6 billion (US$8.4 billion 2023 USD) in losses.
Background
Within the region the credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems, is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge , who named systems between 1887 and 1907.[ 5] [ 5] [ 6] Bureau of Meteorology started to use female names for tropical cyclones in the region during the 1963–64 cyclone season .[ 5]
During the International Women's Year of 1975 the Australian Science Minister ordered that tropical cyclones, within the Australian region, should carry both men's and women's names.[ 5] [ 5] [ 5] [ 7]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol , Edna , and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[ 8] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11]
Tropical cyclone names retired
1960s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Audrey 7–14 January 1964 Category 2 tropical cyclone Not specified Northern Territory, Queensland
Extensive
None [ 12]
Flora
1–5 December 1964 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Queensland
Extensive
None [ 13]
Dinah 22–31 January 1967 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
Severe
None
[ 14] [ 15]
3 names
7 January 1964 – 31 January 1967
Severe
None
[ nb 1]
1970s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Ada 1–19 January 1970 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
13 [ 16]
Dora
10–17 February 1971 Category 1 tropical cyclone Queensland
Widespread
None [ 17] [ 18]
Gertie
10–28 February 1971 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Queensland
None [ 19] [ 20] [ 21] [ 22]
Althea 10–27 December 1971 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
3 [ 23] [ 24] [ 25]
Daisy
5–16 February 1972 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 23] [ 26]
Emily
27 March – 2 April 1972 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
8 [ 27]
Madge 8–18 March 1973 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Queensland
None [ 28]
Wanda 20–25 January 1974 Category 2 tropical cyclone Queensland, New South Wales
16 [ 23]
Tracy 21–26 December 1974 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory
71 [ 23] [ 29]
Trixie
15–22 February 1975 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 30]
Joan 30 November – 10 December 1975 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 31]
Beth 13–22 February 1976 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ nb 2] [ 23]
Ted 15–21 December 1976 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 33]
Alby 27 March – 5 April 1978 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 23] [ 34]
14 names
1 January 1970 – 5 April 1978
$1.62 billion
111
1980s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Simon
21–28 February 1980 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, New Zealand
Minor None [ 35]
Cliff
8–15 February 1981 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone New Caledonia, Queensland, Vanuatu
Unknown
None
Daphne
11–21 January 1982 Category 2 tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None
Dominic
4–13 April 1982 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None
Elinor 10 February – 3 March 1983 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
Minor None [ 36]
Jane
2–11 January 1983 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None None
Kathy 16–24 March 1984 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory
1 [ 37] [ 38]
Lance
4–7 April 1984 Category 2 tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 39]
Nigel 14–20 January 1985 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Vanuatu, Fiji
None
Sandy
20–24 March 1985 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
None [ 40]
Margot
10–25 April 1985 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Winifred 27 January – 5 February 1986 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
$
2
Manu
21–27 April 1986 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, Queensland
Extensive
None [ 41]
Connie
15–23 January 1987 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Jason
5–14 February 1987 Category 2 tropical cyclone Northern Territory
None
Elsie
22–27 February 1987 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Agi
8–16 January 1988 Category 2 tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia
None [ 42]
Charlie
21 February – 1 March 1988 Category 2 tropical cyclone Queensland
1 [ 43]
Herbie 17–21 May 1988 Category 1 tropical cyclone Western Australia
$
None [ 44] [ 45]
Ilona 12–19 December 1988 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
$
None
Delilah
28 December 1988 – 4 January 1989 Category 2 tropical cyclone New Caledonia, New Zealand
2
Ned
25 March – 1 April 1989 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None [ 46]
Aivu 31 March – 5 April 1989 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
1 [ 47]
Orson 17–24 April 1989 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
5 [ 48]
Pedro 6–13 November 1989 Category 2 tropical cyclone Cocos Island
Minor None [ 49]
Felicity 13–20 December 1989 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Cape York Peninsula
Minor None [ 49] [ 50]
1990s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Tina
25–28 January 1990 Category 2 tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None [ 49]
Ivor
15–26 March 1990 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Cape York Peninsula
None [ 51] [ 52]
Joy 15–27 December 1990 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, Queensland
6 [ 53] [ 54]
Fifi
15–20 April 1991 Category 2 tropical cyclone Western Australia
29
Mark
6–10 January 1992 Category 2 tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
None [ 55]
Ian
27 February – 3 March 1992 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 56]
Nina 21 December 1992 – 5 January 1993 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Wallis and Futuna
32 [ 57]
Lena
22 January – 2 February 1993 Category 2 tropical cyclone None None None
Oliver
5–14 February 1993 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 58]
Roger
12–21 March 1993 Category 2 tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
None [ 59]
Adel
13–15 May 1993 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea
3 [ 60]
Naomi
15–18 December 1993 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 61]
Pearl
11–21 January 1994 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone None
None None [ 62]
Quenton
22–29 January 1994 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone None None None
Theodore 22–28 February 1994 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
Unknown
1
Sharon
12–22 March 1994 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Indonesia, Western Australia
None None [ 63]
Annette
12–20 December 1994 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia, South Australia
None [ 64]
Bobby 19–27 February 1995 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
8 [ 65]
Violet
3–6 March 1995 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Lord Howe Island, New South Wales
Minor None [ 66] [ 67]
Warren
4–6 March 1995 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
None [ 68]
Chloe
3–9 April 1995 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
None None
Agnes
16–22 April 1995 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone None None None [ 69]
Frank
6–13 December 1995 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None
Gertie
17–22 December 1995 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Australia
None [ 70]
Barry
4–7 January 1996 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None None [ 71]
Celeste
26–29 January 1996 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 72]
Ethel
7–13 March 1996 Category 2 tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
None [ 73]
Kirsty
7–14 March 1996 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 74]
Olivia 5–12 April 1996 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia, South Australia
None [ 75]
Lindsay
9–13 July 1996 Category 1 tropical cyclone None None None
Fergus 23 December 1996 – 1 January 1997 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, New Zealand
4
Rachel
3–8 January 1997 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
Minor None [ 76]
Justin 6–24 March 1997 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, Queensland
37 [ 77]
Rhonda 11–17 May 1997 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Cocos Islands, Western Australia
None None [ 78]
Katrina 1–25 January 1998 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Queensland
2 [ 79]
Sid
24–29 December 1998 Category 1 tropical cyclone Northern Territory
1 [ 80]
Thelma 3–15 December 1998 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
1
Rona 10–21 February 1999 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Eastern Australia, New Caledonia
7 [ 81]
Vance 16–23 March 1999 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
-
None
Elaine 16–20 March 1999 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 82]
Gwenda 2–8 April 1999 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minimal
None
John 10–15 December 1999 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 82]
2000s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Steve 25 February – 11 March 2000 Category 2 tropical cyclone Northern Australia, Western Australia
1 [ 83] [ 84]
Tessi 1–3 April 2000 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 83]
Rosita 17–21 April 2000 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 85]
Sam 28 November – 10 December 2000 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone North-Western Australia
None [ 86]
Abigail 24 February – 8 March 2001 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Queensland
None
Upia 21–29 May 2002 Category 1 tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea
Unknown Unknown [ 87] [citation needed
Erica 1–17 March 2003 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, New Caledonia
None
Graham 27 February – 1 March 2003 Category 1 tropical cyclone Western Australia
Unknown 1 [ 88]
Inigo 31 March – 8 April 2003 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Indonesia, Western Australia
None
Epi 5–6 June 2003 Category 1 tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea
Unknown Unknown [ 89] [citation needed
Monty 25 February – 3 March 2004 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Fay 12–28 March 2004 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone North-Western Australia
None
Harvey 3–7 February 2005 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory
None
Ingrid 4–16 March 2005 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, Northern Australia
None
Clare 6–10 January 2006 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 83] [ 90]
Larry 15–20 March 2006 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None [ 83]
Glenda 22–31 March 2006 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Monica 16–27 April 2006 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
None
George 27 February – 11 March 2007 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone North-Western Australia
2
[ 83]
Guba 11-20 November 2007 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea
149 [ 83]
Helen 1–7 January 2008 Category 2 tropical cyclone Northern Territory
1 [ 91]
Durga 20–26 April 2008 Category 2 tropical cyclone None
None None [ 92]
Hamish 4–14 March 2009 Category 5 tropical cyclone
Queensland
2
[ 93]
Laurence 8–23 December 2009 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None [ 94] [ 95]
2010s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Magda 18–24 January 2010 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None [ 96]
Tasha 20 — 25 December 2010 Category 1 tropical cyclone Queensland
Unknown
1
[ 97]
Carlos 12–27 February 2011 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
None
Heidi 9–13 January 2012 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minimal
None
[ 98] [ 99]
Jasmine 31 January – 16 February 2012 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Tonga
Lua 10–18 March 2012 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
[ 100] [ 101]
Oswald 17–29 January 2013 Category 1 tropical cyclone Eastern Australia
6 [ 102]
Rusty 22–28 February 2013 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None
Christine 25 December 2013 – 1 January 2014 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minor None
Ita 1–14 April 2014 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, Queensland, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand
22 [ 83] [ nb 3] [ nb 4]
Lam 12–20 February 2015 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Northern Australia
None
Marcia 15–26 February 2015 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
None
Olwyn 8–14 April 2015 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Quang 27 April – 1 May 2015 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
Minimal
None
Debbie 23 March – 7 April 2017 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland
14
Marcus 14–27 March 2018 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Western Australia
None
[ 105]
Trevor 15–26 March 2019 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
>
None
Veronica 18–31 March 2019 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
2020s
Name
Dates
Peak intensity
Areas affected
Damage(USD )
Deaths
Refs
Category
Wind speed
Pressure
Damien 3–9 February 2020 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Western Australia
None
Harold 1–11 April 2020 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga
≥30
Mangga 19 – 23 May 2020 Category 1 tropical cyclone Western Australia
Unknown Unknown [citation needed
Seroja 3–12 April 2021 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Indonesia, East Timor, Western Australia
272
Seth 24 December 2021 – 6 January 2022 Category 2 tropical cyclone Northern Territory, Queensland
4
Freddy 4 – 14 February 2023 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Mascarene Islands , Madagascar , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Malawi 1,434 [ 106]
Gabrielle 10 – 11 February 2023 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Norfolk Island, New Zealand
11 (1)
[ 107]
Ilsa 5–16 April 2023 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Indonesia, Northern Territory, Western Australia
0 (8)
[ 108] [ 109] [ 110]
Jasper 4–18 December 2023 Category 5 severe tropical cyclone Solomon Islands, Queensland
1
[ 111]
Kirrily 12 January–4 February 2024 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales
Unknown
None
[ 111]
Megan 13–24 March 2024 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone Queensland, Northern Territory
Unknown
None
[ 111]
See also
Notes
^ Reference for the names retired between 1963 and 2020.[ 1]
^ This damage total was originally reported in Australian Dollars and was converted to United States Dollars via the fxtop website.[ 32]
^ Insurance claims in New Zealand associated with the remnants of Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita amounted to [ 103] Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to [ 104]
^ EM-DAT provides a damage estimate of [ 83] Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to around [ 104]
References
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