List of governors of Indiana
The Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis , which houses the office of the governor
The governor of Indiana is the head of government of the U.S. state of Indiana . The governor is the head of the executive branch of Indiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.
While a territory, Indiana had two governors appointed by the president of the United States . Since statehood in 1816, it has had 49 governors, serving 51 distinct terms; Isaac P. Gray and Henry F. Schricker are the only governors to have served non-consecutive terms. Four governors have served two four-year terms; territorial governor William Henry Harrison served for 11 years. The shortest-serving governor is Henry S. Lane , who served two days before resigning to become a U.S. senator . The current governor is Eric Holcomb , who took office on January 9, 2017.
List of governors
Territory of Indiana
Indiana Territory was formed on July 4, 1800, from the Northwest Territory . Despite remaining a territory for nearly 16 years, it had only two governors appointed by the president of the United States before it became a state.
State of Indiana
Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11, 1816.
The original 1816 Constitution of Indiana provided for the election of a governor and a lieutenant governor every three years, limited to six years out of any nine-year period.[12] The second and current constitution of 1851 lengthened terms to four years and set the commencement of the governor's term on the second Monday in the January following the election.[13] Governors were allowed to serve for four years in any eight-year period,[13] but a 1972 amendment permitted governors to serve for eight years in any twelve-year period.[14] Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[15] If the office of lieutenant governor is vacant, the president pro tempore of the Indiana Senate becomes governor;[15] this has happened once, when James B. Ray succeeded William Hendricks .[16]
Governors of the State of Indiana
No. [e]
Governor
Term in office
Party
Election
Lt. Governor [f]
1
Jonathan Jennings (1784–1834) [19]
November 7, 1816 [20] – September 12, 1822(resigned) [g]
Democratic- Republican
1816
Christopher Harrison (resigned December 18, 1818) [h]
Vacant
1819
Ratliff Boon
2
Ratliff Boon (1781–1844) [24]
September 12, 1822 – December 4, 1822(successor took office)
Democratic- Republican
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
3
William Hendricks (1782–1850) [26]
December 4, 1822 [27] – February 12, 1825(resigned) [i]
Democratic- Republican
1822
Ratliff Boon (resigned January 30, 1824)
Vacant
4
James B. Ray (1794–1848) [29]
February 12, 1825 – December 7, 1831(term-limited) [j]
Democratic- Republican [k]
Succeeded from president of the Senate [l]
1825
John H. Thompson [m]
1828
Milton Stapp
5
Noah Noble (1794–1844) [33]
December 7, 1831 [34] – December 6, 1837(term-limited) [j]
National Republican
1831
David Wallace
Whig
1834
6
David Wallace (1799–1859) [36]
December 6, 1837 [37] – December 9, 1840(did not run)
Whig
1837
David Hillis
7
Samuel Bigger (1802–1846) [40]
December 9, 1840 [41] – December 6, 1843(lost election)
Whig
1840
Samuel Hall
8
James Whitcomb (1795–1852) [44]
December 6, 1843 [45] – December 27, 1848(resigned) [n]
Democratic
1843
Jesse D. Bright (resigned December 8, 1845)
Vacant
1846
Paris C. Dunning
9
Paris C. Dunning (1806–1884) [48]
December 27, 1848 [49] – December 5, 1849(did not run)
Democratic
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
10
Joseph A. Wright (1810–1867) [51]
December 5, 1849 [52] – January 12, 1857(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1849
Jim Lane
1852 [p]
Ashbel P. Willard
11
Ashbel P. Willard (1820–1860) [56]
January 12, 1857 [57] – October 4, 1860(died in office)
Democratic
1856
Abram A. Hammond
12
Abram A. Hammond (1814–1874) [60]
October 4, 1860 [61] – January 14, 1861(successor took office)
Democratic
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
13
Henry S. Lane (1811–1881) [63]
January 14, 1861 [64] – January 16, 1861(resigned) [q]
Republican
1860
Oliver P. Morton
14
Oliver P. Morton (1823–1877) [67]
January 16, 1861 [68] – January 24, 1867(resigned) [r]
Republican
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
Union [69]
1864
Conrad Baker [s]
15
Conrad Baker (1817–1885) [72]
January 24, 1867 [73] – January 13, 1873(term-limited) [o]
Republican
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
1868
William Cumback (resigned January 11, 1871)
Vacant
16
Thomas A. Hendricks (1819–1885) [75]
January 13, 1873 [76] – January 8, 1877(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1872
Leonidas Sexton [t]
17
James D. Williams (1808–1880) [78]
January 8, 1877 [79] – November 20, 1880(died in office)
Democratic
1876
Isaac P. Gray
18
Isaac P. Gray (1828–1895) [81]
November 20, 1880 [82] – January 10, 1881(successor took office)
Democratic
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
19
Albert G. Porter (1824–1897) [84]
January 10, 1881 [85] – January 12, 1885(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1880
Thomas Hanna
20
Isaac P. Gray (1828–1895) [81]
January 12, 1885 [86] – January 14, 1889(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1884
Mahlon Dickerson Manson (resigned July 1886)
Vacant
21
Alvin Peterson Hovey (1821–1891) [88]
January 14, 1889 [89] – November 23, 1891(died in office)
Republican
1888
Ira Joy Chase
22
Ira Joy Chase (1834–1895) [91]
November 23, 1891 [92] – January 9, 1893(lost election)
Republican
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
23
Claude Matthews (1845–1898) [94]
January 9, 1893 [95] – January 11, 1897(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1892
Mortimer Nye
24
James A. Mount (1843–1901) [97]
January 11, 1897 [98] – January 14, 1901(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1896
William S. Haggard
25
Winfield T. Durbin (1847–1928) [100]
January 14, 1901 [101] – January 9, 1905(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1900
Newton W. Gilbert
26
Frank Hanly (1863–1920) [103]
January 9, 1905 [104] – January 11, 1909(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1904
Hugh Thomas Miller
27
Thomas R. Marshall (1854–1925) [106]
January 11, 1909 [107] – January 13, 1913(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1908
Frank J. Hall
28
Samuel M. Ralston (1857–1925) [109]
January 13, 1913 [110] – January 8, 1917(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1912
William P. O'Neill
29
James P. Goodrich (1864–1940) [112]
January 8, 1917 [113] – January 10, 1921(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1916
Edgar D. Bush
30
Warren T. McCray (1865–1938) [115]
January 10, 1921 [116] – April 30, 1924(resigned) [u]
Republican
1920
Emmett Forest Branch
31
Emmett Forest Branch (1874–1932) [118]
April 30, 1924 [119] – January 12, 1925(did not run)
Republican
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
32
Edward L. Jackson (1873–1954) [121]
January 12, 1925 [122] – January 14, 1929(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1924
F. Harold Van Orman
33
Harry G. Leslie (1878–1937) [124]
January 14, 1929 [125] – January 9, 1933(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1928
Edgar D. Bush
34
Paul V. McNutt (1891–1955) [127]
January 9, 1933 [128] – January 11, 1937(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1932
M. Clifford Townsend
35
M. Clifford Townsend (1884–1954) [130]
January 11, 1937 [131] – January 13, 1941(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1936
Henry F. Schricker
36
Henry F. Schricker (1883–1966) [133]
January 13, 1941 [134] – January 8, 1945(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1940
Charles M. Dawson
37
Ralph F. Gates (1893–1978) [136]
January 8, 1945 [137] – January 10, 1949(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1944
Richard T. James (resigned April 1, 1948)
Vacant
Rue J. Alexander (appointed April 14, 1948) (died January 2, 1949)
Vacant
38
Henry F. Schricker (1883–1966) [133]
January 10, 1949 [138] – January 12, 1953(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1948
John A. Watkins
39
George N. Craig (1909–1992) [140]
January 12, 1953 [141] – January 14, 1957(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1952
Harold W. Handley
40
Harold W. Handley (1909–1972) [143]
January 14, 1957 [144] – January 9, 1961(term-limited) [o]
Republican
1956
Crawford F. Parker
41
Matthew E. Welsh (1912–1995) [146]
January 9, 1961 [147] – January 11, 1965(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1960
Richard O. Ristine [t]
42
Roger D. Branigin (1902–1975) [149]
January 11, 1965 [150] – January 13, 1969(term-limited) [o]
Democratic
1964
Robert L. Rock
43
Edgar Whitcomb (1917–2016) [152]
January 13, 1969 [153] – January 8, 1973(did not run) [v]
Republican
1968
Richard E. Folz
44
Otis Bowen (1918–2013) [155]
January 8, 1973 [156] – January 12, 1981(term-limited) [w]
Republican
1972
Robert D. Orr
1976
45
Robert D. Orr (1917–2004) [158]
January 12, 1981 [159] – January 9, 1989(term-limited) [w]
Republican [158]
1980
John Mutz
1984
46
Evan Bayh (b. 1955) [160]
January 9, 1989 [161] – January 13, 1997(term-limited) [w]
Democratic [160]
1988
Frank O'Bannon
1992
47
Frank O'Bannon (1930–2003) [162]
January 13, 1997 [163] – September 13, 2003(died in office)
Democratic [162]
1996
Joe Kernan
2000
48
Joe Kernan (1946–2020) [164]
September 13, 2003 [165] – January 10, 2005(lost election)
Democratic [164]
Succeeded from lieutenant governor
Vacant
Kathy Davis (appointed October 20, 2003)
49
Mitch Daniels (b. 1949) [166]
January 10, 2005 [167] – January 14, 2013(term-limited) [w]
Republican [166]
2004
Becky Skillman
2008
50
Mike Pence (b. 1959) [168]
January 14, 2013 [169] – January 9, 2017(withdrew) [x]
Republican [168]
2012
Sue Ellspermann (resigned March 2, 2016)
Vacant
Eric Holcomb (appointed March 3, 2016)
51
Eric Holcomb (b. 1968) [171]
January 9, 2017 [172] – Incumbent[y]
Republican [171]
2016
Suzanne Crouch
2020
See also
Notes
^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
^ John Gibson served as acting governor during the absences of Governor William Henry Harrison.[1]
^ Harrison was nominated on May 12, 1800,[3] confirmed on May 13,[4] and took office on July 4.[5] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on February 8, 1803;[6] recommissioned by the President for an interim term on May 5, 1806;[5] reconfirmed by the Senate on December 17, 1806;[7] and again on December 20, 1809.[8]
^ Posey was nominated on February 27, 1813,[10] confirmed by the Senate on March 3,[11] and took office on May 25.
^ The official site labels Eric Holcomb as the 51st governor;[17] based on this, repeat non-consecutive terms are numbered.
^ Does not include acting lieutenant governors. All lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor.
^ Jennings resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives .[19]
^ Jennings was appointed a United States commissioner to conclude a treaty with native tribes on April 15, 1818; after this time, Harrison was acting as governor. However, by accepting the post, Harrison believed Jennings had vacated the seat, and thus felt he had succeeded Jennings to the governorship. The state legislature declined to confirm this, and Harrison resigned on December 18, 1818.[22]
^ Hendricks resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate .[26]
^ a b Under the 1816 constitution, governors were not capable of holding the office longer than six years in any term of nine years.[30]
^ Kallenbach labels Ray a Clay Republican, but Glashan and Sobel label him a Democratic-Republican.
^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, president pro tempore of the Senate Ray succeeded Hendricks.[29]
^ Represented the Jacksonian faction
^ Whitcomb resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate .[44]
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Under the 1851 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than four years in any period of eight years.[53]
^ First term under the 1851 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.[13]
^ Lane resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate .[63]
^ Morton resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate .[67]
^ Baker acted as governor from October 1865 to March 1866 while Morton sought treatment for a stroke and handed over executive powers.[70]
^ a b Represented the Republican Party
^ McCray resigned following his conviction for mail fraud, and served three years in prison; he was pardoned by President Herbert Hoover in 1930.[115]
^ It is unknown if the 1972 constitutional amendment allowing for a second term would have impacted Whitcomb; either way, he did not run in the 1972 election.
^ a b c d Under a 1972 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than eight years in any period of twelve years.[157]
^ Pence won the Republican nomination, but withdrew on July 15, 2016, when Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump selected Pence as his vice presidential running mate. As Pence was barred by Indiana law from simultaneously running for both offices, he subsequently withdrew from the gubernatorial election.[170]
^ Holcomb's second term began on January 11, 2021, and will expire on January 13, 2025; he will be term-limited.
References
General
Funk, Arville L (1983) [1969]. A Sketchbook of Indiana History . Rochester, Indiana: Christian Book Press.
Indiana Historical Bureau. "Lieutenant Governors" . State of Indiana. Retrieved May 27, 2008 .
"Former Indiana Governors" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 24, 2023 .
McLauchlan, William P. (1996). The Indiana State Constitution . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-29208-6 .
"Previous Governors" . State of Indiana. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008 .
Woollen, William Wesley (1975). Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana . Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0-405-06896-4 .
Year Book of the State of Indiana . 1919.
Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I . Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015 . Retrieved July 10, 2019 .
McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors . Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4 . Retrieved January 19, 2023 .
Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County . McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0 .
Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County . McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8 .
Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976 . Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0 . Retrieved September 23, 2023 .
Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 . Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6 .
"Our Campaigns - Governor of Indiana - History" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved July 25, 2023 .
Constitutions
Specific
^ "John Gibson Letters" . Indiana State Library. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008 .
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 6th Cong., 1st sess., 353 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 6th Cong., 1st sess., 354 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ a b The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume VII: The Territory of Indiana . United States Government Publishing Office . 1939. p. 14–16.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 7th Cong., 2nd sess., 442 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 9th Cong., 2nd sess., 45 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 11th Cong., 2nd sess., 131 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 12th Cong., 2nd sess., 329 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal . 12th Cong., 2nd sess., 333 , accessed February 24, 2023.
^ 1816 Const. art. IV, § 3
^ a b c IN Const. art. V, § 1
^ McLauchlan p. 94
^ a b IN Const. art. V, § 10
^ Woollen, p. 56
^ "About the Governor" . State of Indiana. Retrieved November 17, 2018 .
^ a b "Johnathan Jennings" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1816 sess., 10 , accessed August 18, 2023
^ 1919 Year Book, p. 981
^ "Ratliff Boon" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ a b "William Hendricks" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1822 sess., 26 , accessed August 18, 2023
^ a b "James Brown Ray" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ "1816 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3" . www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu . Retrieved December 17, 2023 .
^ "Noah Noble" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1831 sess., 32 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "David Wallace" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1837 sess., 30 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Samuel Bigger" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1840 sess., 35 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ a b "James Whitcomb" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1843 sess., 33 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Paris Chipman Dunning" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1848 sess., 202 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Joseph Albert Wright" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1849 sess., 42 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "1851 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3" . www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu . Retrieved December 17, 2023 .
^ "Ashbel Parsons Willard" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1857 sess., 60 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Abram Adams Hammond" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ "Death of Gov. Willard" . Richmond Weekly Palladium . October 11, 1860. p. 2. Retrieved August 19, 2023 .
^ a b "Henry Smith Lane" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1861 sess., 60 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ a b "Oliver Morton Perry" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1861 sess., 94 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ Thornbrough, Emma Lou (1989). Indiana in the Civil War Era, 1850–1880 . Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 209.
^ "Indiana Governor Conrad Baker" . National Governors Association . Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010 .
^ "Conrad Baker" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1867 sess., 197 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Thomas Andrews Hendricks" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1873 sess., 77 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "James Douglas Williams" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1877 sess., 66 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ a b "Isaac Pusey Gray" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ "none" . The South Bend Tribune . November 20, 1880. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023 . He will be succeeded in office by Lieutenant-Governor Gray...
^ "Albert Gallatin Porter" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1881 sess., 79 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1885 sess., 60 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Alvin Peterson Hovey" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1889 sess., 62 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Ira Joy Chase" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ "The Governor Dead" . The Indianapolis News . November 23, 1891. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023 .
^ "Claude Matthews" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1893 sess., 50 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "James Atwell Mount" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1897 sess., 63 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Winfield Taylor Durbin" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1901 sess., 72 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "James Frank Hanly" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1905 sess., 103 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Thomas Riley Marshall" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1909 sess., 79 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Samuel Moffett Ralston" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1913 sess., 69 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "James Putnam Goodrich" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1917 sess., 51 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ a b "Warren T. McCray" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives . 1921 sess., 149 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Emmett Forrest Branch" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ "Branch Made Governor" . The Indianapolis Times . April 30, 1924. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023 .
^ "Edward L. Jackson" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1925 sess., 26 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Harry Guyer Leslie" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1929 sess., 13 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Paul Vories McNutt" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1933 sess., 88 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Maurice Clifford Townsend" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1937 sess., 76 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ a b "Henry Frederick Schricker" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1941 sess., 97 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Ralph Fesler Gates" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Maddox, Tom (January 9, 1945). "Gates Pledges Service to All Indiana People" . The Star Press . Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1949 sess., 54 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "George N. Craig" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1953 sess., 44 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Harold Willis Handley" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1957 sess., 47 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Matthew Empson Welsh" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1961 sess., 55 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Roger Douglas Branigin" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1965 sess., 50 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Edgar Doud Whitcomb" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate . 1969 sess., 89 , accessed August 19, 2023
^ "Otis Ray Bowen" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Mooney, Robert P. (January 9, 1973). "Bowen Asks for Guidance in Taking His Oath of Office" . The Indianapolis Star . p. 10. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ "Ind. Const. amend. 50" . www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu . Retrieved December 17, 2023 .
^ a b "Robert D. Orr" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Hibbs, Maria Pojeta (January 13, 1981). "Evansville's Orr Assumes Governorship Amid Pomp" . Evansville Courier and Press . p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ a b "Evan Bayh" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Richardson, Doug (January 10, 1989). "Bayh Calls on Hoosier Hysteria" . The South Bend Tribune . Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ a b "Frank O'Bannon" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Scheider, Mary Beth (January 14, 1997). "Warm Words on a Cold Day" . The Indianapolis Star . p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ a b "Joseph E. Kernan" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Schneider, Mary Beth (September 14, 2003). "O'Bannon Dies" . The Indianapolis Star . p. A1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ a b "Mitch Daniels" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Schneider, Mary Beth (January 11, 2005). " 'Our Actions Must Be Bold,' Governor Says at Inauguration" . The Indianapolis Star . p. A1. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ a b "Mike Pence" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Bradner, Eric (January 15, 2013). "Pence: 'The Time Is Now' " . Evansville Courier and Press . p. 1A. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
^ Bradner, Eric; Bash, Dana; Lee, MJ (July 14, 2016). "Donald Trump selects Mike Pence as VP" . Retrieved August 12, 2023 .
^ a b "Eric Holcomb" . National Governors Association . Retrieved February 25, 2023 .
^ Schneider, Chelsea; Lange, Kaitlin L.; Mack, Justin L. (January 10, 2017). "Igniting State's Third Century" . The Indianapolis Star . p. 1A. Retrieved August 20, 2023 .
External links
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