A fertility deity is a god or goddess associated with fertility, sex, pregnancy, childbirth, and crops. In some cases these deities are directly associated with these experiences; in others they are more abstract symbols. Fertility rites may accompany their worship. The following is a list of fertility deities.
Oshun (known as Ochún or Oxúm in Latin America) also spelled Ọṣun, is an orisha, a spirit, a deity, or a goddess that reflects one of the manifestations of God in the Ifá and Yoruba religions. She is one of the most popular and venerated orishas. Oshun is the deity of the river and fresh water, luxury and pleasure, sexuality and fertility, and beauty and love. She is connected to destiny and divination.
Ancient Egyptian
Min, ancient Egyptian god of fertility and lettuce
Osiris, god of the afterlife, the dead, and the underworld agency that granted all life, including sprouting vegetation and the fertile flooding of the Nile River
Renenutet, goddess of the true name, the harvest and fertile fields
Lakapati: the hermaphrodite Tagalog deity and protector of sown fields, sufficient field waters, and abundant fish catch;[3] a major fertility deity;[4] deity of vagrants and waifs;[5] a patron of cultivated lands and husbandry[6]
Ikapati: the Sambal goddess of cultivated land and fertility[7]
Lakan-bakod: the Tagalog god of the fruits of the earth who dwells in certain plants;[8] the god of crops;[9] the god of rice whose hollow statues have gilded eyes, teeth, and genitals; food and wine are introduced to his mouth to secure a good crop;[10] the protector of fences[11]
Kukarog: the Bicolano giant who was swept by waters into the sea, where his genital can be seen as a rock jutting from the ocean[12]
Ibabasag: the Bukidnon goddess of pregnant women[13]
Vietnamese
Bà mụ, consisting of twelve goddesses responsible for creating each part of the child
Inari Ōkami, deity of fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, and industry; this deity is of ambiguous gender and may be portrayed as male, female, or ambiguous
Nanshe, Sumerian goddess of social justice, prophecy, fertility, and fishing
Sharra Itu, Identified with Asratum, later Ašrat-aḫītu (Ašratum the foreigner) or (the other Ašratum)
Inanna/Ishtar, Mesopotamian goddess of love, beauty, sex, desire, fertility, war, justice, and political power. Her symbols were lions, doves & the 8-pointed star, wife of Dumuzid
Turco-Mongol
Umay, goddess of fertility and reproduction, believed to have saved two children (one boy and one girl) from a massacre. She is believed to have offered protection and guidance to the children, who managed to raise the Turkic communities. In the form of a deer, she is accepted by the Turks to be the protective power of the race, and therefore she is called in many texts as "Mother Umay".
Ēostre, spring and fertility goddess; in earlier times probably a dawn goddess as her name is cognate to Eos
Freyr, god associated with peace, marriages, rain, sunshine, and fertility, both of the land and people
Freyja, a goddess associated with fertility and sister of the above god
Frigg, goddess associated with prophecy, marriage, and childbirth; in one myth, she also demonstrates a more direct connection with fertility, as a king and queen pray to her for a child
Gefjun, Danish goddess of ploughing and possibly fertility
Njordr, since his name is cognate with the above goddess, it's possible he was originally an earth/fertility deity before transforming into a sea god thanked for a bountiful catch
Thor, some strains of Norse paganism saw him as a fertility god (possibly due to bringing rain) and the father of Freyr and Freyja instead of Njordr
Greek
Aphrodite, goddess of beauty, love, pleasure, sexuality and procreation.
Aphaea, local goddess associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle
Artemis, goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, the Moon, chastity and childbirth
Demeter, goddess of the harvest, agriculture, fertility and sacred law
Dionysus, god of wine, grapes, and festivity, associated with fertility, particularly that of the vine and males
Priapus, Greek god of fertility, gardens and male genitalia
Hermes, messenger of the gods, possibly associated with male fertility
Hera, goddess of marriage, women, women's fertility, childbirth
Heracles, god of strength and athletes, had an association with male fertility as well as agriculture.
Ilithyia, (also called Eileithyia) goddess of childbirth and midwifery
Pan, god of shepherds and flocks, associated with fertility, particularly that of animals
Phanes, primeval deity of procreation and new life
Priapus, rustic god of fertility, protection of livestock, fruit plants, gardens, and male genitalia
^Liu, Peng (2016). ""Conceal my Body so that I can Protect the State": The Making of the Mysterious Woman in Daoism and Water Margin". Ming Studies. 2016 (74): 48–71. doi:10.1080/0147037X.2016.1228876. S2CID164447144.
^Berthier, Brigitte. (2008) The Lady of Linshu: A Chinese female cult. California : Stanford University Press.
^San Buenaventura, P. (1613). Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala.
^Scott, W. H. (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. Ateneo University Press.
^Pardo, F. (1686–1688). Carte [...] sobre la idolatria de los naturales de la provincia de Zambales, y de los del pueblo de Santo Tomas y otros cicunvecinos [...]. Sevilla, Spain: Archivo de la Indias.
^Plasencia, J. (1589). Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos.
^Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
^Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books.
^Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
^Souza, G. B., Turley, J. S. (2016). The Boxer Codex: Transcription and Translation of an Illustrated Late Sixteenth-century Spanish Manuscript Concerning the Geography, Ethnography and History of the Pacific, South-East Asia and East Asia. Brill.
^Potet, J. P. G. (2017). Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs. Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu Press.
