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(dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary...

the daughter languages within a language family as being genetically related. The divergence of a proto-language into daughter languages typically occurs...

BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages)—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages, and some that are not...

and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining...

française [lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives—the langues...

languages across the globe throughout its history, especially languages where Islam had a historic presence. The most markedly influenced languages are...

Anglic languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Yola dialects of Ireland. English was isolated from other Germanic languages on the continent...

present-day living languages, as well as two major extinct branches, Anatolian and Tocharian. Today the individual Indo-European languages with the most native...

This is a list of languages by number of native speakers. All such rankings of human languages ranked by their number of native speakers should be used...

of languages List of countries and territories by official language World language Languages used on the Internet Extinct language Official languages of...

130 to 195 languages are spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the...

Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station, one of the six official languages of the United Nations, as well as...

German is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided...

transcription delimiters. The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages or Latinic languages, are the languages that directly descended from...

with less effort. These languages are known as high-level languages. Programming languages have some similarity to natural languages in that they can allow...

are generally considered typologically distinct languages. However, the local terms for these languages refer to them as dialects. The Circassian people...

Canaanite languages continued to be spoken languages until at least the 5th century CE but were gradually supplanted by Aramaic, a language which gained...

There are over 520 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The two official languages are English (which was the language of Colonial Nigeria) and French...

Belt Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) Hindi Divas – the official day to celebrate Hindi as a language. Languages of India Languages with official...

other indigenous languages as official languages of the country. The major obstacle to the usage and teaching of Quechua languages is the lack of written...

numerous minority languages, including over 200 different indigenous languages, such as Nheengatu (a descendant of Tupi), and languages of more recent European...

Indian languages or Indian language may refer to: Languages of India, referring to the many languages spoken in India Languages of the Indian subcontinent...

called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native...

living language. Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now-extinct Anatolian languages. The...

December 15 is declared as "World Turkic Language Family Day" by UNESCO. Turkic languages are null-subject languages, have vowel harmony (with the notable...

over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family...

classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused...

Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early 21st century...

programming languages, with C compilers available for practically all modern computer architectures and operating systems. The book The C Programming Language, co-authored...

significant work on the corpora of other languages, such as the Austronesian languages and the Native American language families. In historical work, the uniformitarian...

are six living languages: the four continuously living languages Breton, Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh, and the two revived languages Cornish and Manx...

official languages, alongside with English. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, the Bisaya languages, Ilocano...

far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur. Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid...

languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including: Eskaleut languages, spoken in northeastern Siberia Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages,...

 › The Afroasiatic languages (also known as the Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic, or Semito-Hamitic languages) are a language family (or phylum)...

merging. › The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants...

reconstructed ancestral language that the Nuristani languages share with Sanskrit and Avestan as their common origin. This makes Nuristani languages closely related...

Sea and Baltic coasts. The West Germanic languages include the three most widely spoken Germanic languages: English with around 360–400 million native...

language. Its formatting is visually uncluttered and often uses English keywords where other languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages,...

such as Syro-Arabian languages, have been proposed and used. Arabic is by far the most widely spoken of the Semitic languages with 411 million native...

The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional languages, and a large number of minority languages, as...

non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages within either the Uralic or Turkic families. Still smaller groups — such as Basque (language isolate), Semitic...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Kartvelian languages...

other important languages in Argentina with 200,000 speakers and 65,000 speakers respectively. Fifteen Indigenous American languages currently exist and...

national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the...

the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is one of the few languages that has primary...

Brittonic languages, a branch of Insular Celtic languages Common Brittonic, an ancient language once spoken across Britain Welsh language, spoken natively...

Zhōngwén) is an umbrella term for all Sinitic languages, widely recognized as a collection of language varieties, spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese...

Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly...

(lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins...

merging. › The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of Indo-European languages (the others being the North...

language in Europe, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of the working languages of...

Indo-European languages and are therefore closely related to the other two West Slavic subgroups: Lechitic and Czech–Slovak. Historically, the languages have also...

has over 500 languages (according to SIL Ethnologue), one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong...

most-spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries. By the number of languages they include...

Kingdom of Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French, and German. A number of non-official, minority languages and dialects are spoken as well. The...

Chapman calls "love languages". Empirical evidence does not strongly support its core claims. According to Chapman, the five "love languages" are: Words of...

number of creole languages is not known, particularly as many are poorly attested or documented. About one hundred creole languages have arisen since...

The languages of Australia are the major historic and current languages used in Australia and its offshore islands. Over 250 Australian Aboriginal languages...

The languages of Taiwan consist of several varieties of languages under the families of Austronesian languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Formosan...

The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by...

national language mostly out of respect to the indigenous communities that still exist. Most indigenous languages are endangered, with some languages expected...

than 1,175 languages, with the Tupi–Guarani languages predominating along the coast. Portuguese therefore did not become the majority language immediately...

Elana (1999). The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-451-9. Languages of Israel – Ethnologue...

Dravidian languages are (in descending order) Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam, all of which have long literary traditions. Smaller literary languages are...

Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus...

of the two branches of the Insular Celtic languages; the other is Goidelic. It comprises the extant languages Breton, Cornish, and Welsh. The name Brythonic...

Futuna (see: Wallisian language, Futunan language) many languages in French Polynesia (Tahitian and other Eastern Polynesian languages) Shibushi in Mayotte...

Tifinagh letters. The Berber languages (also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight) are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a...

spoken language for most people. In the far-Southern Upper Nile Valley, around Kom Ombo and Aswan, there are about 300,000 speakers of Nubian languages, mainly...

Chuvash language. The first to branch off from the Turkic family, the Oghuric languages show significant divergence from other Turkic languages, which...

labels four of the languages "definitely endangered" and two others "severely endangered". Phonologically, the Ryukyuan languages have some cross-linguistically...

a list of lists of languages. SIL International's Ethnologue: Languages of the World lists over 7,100 spoken and signed languages. The International Organization...

languages. Dari and Pashto serve as the two main official languages. Dari, historically serving as the region’s lingua franca, is a shared language between...

substrata from the other Italic languages) diversified into the Romance languages, which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today, while Literary...

scheduled languages and officially recognized languages in the Constitution of India and has been conferred the status of the official language in many...

'village'), by which Gelong 仡隆 (Cun language) speakers refer to themselves. The Be languages are a pair of Kra–Dai languages, but its precise relationship to...

The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which...

several languages. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country...

A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally...

of Sinitic languages. Other Sino-Tibetan languages with large numbers of speakers include Burmese (33 million) and the Tibetic languages (6 million)...

Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that...

home to 51 living indigenous languages and 24 living non-indigenous languages, with the majority of people speaking languages of the Southwestern Tai family...

Elvish languages are constructed languages used by Elves in a fantasy setting. The philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien created the first of...

structures. The earliest imperative languages were the machine languages of the original computers. In these languages, instructions were very simple, which...

individuals' exposure to multiple languages has become increasingly possible. People who speak several languages are also called polyglots. Multilingual...

Indo-Iranian languages and European languages, and as early as 1653, Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn had published a proposal for a proto-language ("Scythian")...

In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence ("attestation") has survived to...

programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were highly...

and Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan). Ancient Greek differs from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways....

Iranian languages, or the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by...

are a number of African languages once classified together, originally by Joseph Greenberg. Khoisan is defined as those languages that have click consonants...

one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages. Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum...

certain languages—tonal languages—additionally use tones to distinguish one word from another, just as consonant and vowel sounds do in all languages. The...

Ryukyuan languages), and Georgian to be the Kartvelian language family. There is a difference between language isolates and unclassified languages, but they...

it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified...

Indo-European (IE) languages, of which Albanian language varieties are the only surviving representatives. In current classifications of the IE language family,...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Altaic languages (/æl...

Gagauzes (0.1%). The following table gives the native languages (but not necessarily the languages spoken at home) with their number of speakers according...

is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around...

The Frisian languages are the closest living language group to the Anglic languages; the two groups make up the Anglo-Frisian languages group and together...

being considered for merging. › The Meso-Melanesian languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in the large Melanesian islands of New Ireland...

known as the Language Question about the roles of these three languages. The Maltese population is generally able to converse in languages which are not...

romanized: Nichiryū gozoku) is a language family comprising Japanese, spoken in the main islands of Japan, and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken in the Ryukyu Islands...

eight Finnic languages have been recognized. The major modern representatives of the family are Finnish and Estonian, the official languages of their respective...

urbanization, language shift, and AI translation development – can affect these numbers. List of endangered languages in Africa List of endangered languages in Asia...

The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent...

Italy Regional languages of Italy according to Clemente Merlo and Carlo Tagliavini in 1939 Languages and language islands of Italy Languages of Italy Main...

second-language speakers) spoke Arabic, whereas 24.8% spoke Berber languages. The languages of prestige in Morocco are Arabic in its Classical and Modern Standard...

Furthermore, many other languages in non-Western scripts (e.g. Chinese or Arabic) do not have any capitalization at all, and even languages with capitalization...

"Tocharian" remains the usual term for these languages. The discovered manuscripts record two closely related languages, called Tocharian A (also East Tocharian...

northern Tungusic languages Evenki, spoken in Northeast China and the Russian Far East, and Even, in northeastern Siberia. Many Tungusic languages are critically...

languages have always been spoken in Canada. Prior to Confederation, the territories that would become Canada were home to over 70 distinct languages...

to communicate with speakers of other Chinese languages. This does not mean non-Mandarin Sinitic languages do not have vernacular written forms however...

Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages, including German, Malay, and Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95% of its vocabulary is of...

considered for merging. › The Atlantic–Congo languages make up the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class...

of the family's languages are spoken by minority groups and have no official status. Ethnologue identifies 168 Austroasiatic languages. These form thirteen...

genealogical group of languages, itself part of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family. There are 38 Polynesian languages, representing 7 percent...

family of African languages spoken over the majority of sub-Saharan Africa. It unites the Mande languages, the Atlantic–Congo languages (which share a characteristic...

the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages. Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly...

varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages, and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. Yiddish has traditionally been written using...

administrative language and Prakrit languages evolved into many regional languages in different parts of India. All these languages are called Prakrit languages (Sanskrit:...

merging. › The Ugric or Ugrian languages (/ˈjuːɡrɪk, ˈuː-/ or /ˈjuːɡriən, ˈuː-/) are a branch of the Uralic language family. Ugric includes three subgroups:...

of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great...

formed three groups, the Bengali–Assamese languages, the Bihari languages, and the Odia language. The language was not static: different varieties coexisted...

national level. There are 25 other official languages, which are used in different regions of Russia. These languages include; Ossetic, Ukrainian, Belarusian...

Colloquial English. A multitude of other languages are also used in Singapore. They consist of several varieties of languages under the families of the Austronesian...

representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages, is an international standard for language codes in the ISO...

languages may refer to: The Latino-Faliscan languages, an Italic language family consisting of Faliscan, Old Latin, and their descendants A language family...

developed. Critics contend the languages constructed for the films compared unfavorably with the true constructed languages found in some other fictional...

various other Malayic languages. According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang...

The indigenous languages of the Americas are the languages that were used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, before the arrival of Europeans....

linguistic groups found in Africa (see Languages of Africa). Languages spoken locally belong to three broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu branch)...

merging. › The Central Pacific languages, also known as Fijian–Polynesian languages, are a branch of the Oceanic languages spoken in Fiji and Polynesia...

each with their own languages. The largest native languages spoken in East Malaysia are the Iban, Dusunic, and Kadazan languages. English is widely understood...

CLI languages are computer programming languages that are used to produce libraries and programs that conform to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)...

Athabaskan languages Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages Southern Athabaskan languages or "Apachean" The 38 Northern Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout...

two main official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. There are also several official minority languages: three Sámi languages, as well as Romani...

Peru has many languages in use, with its official languages being Spanish, Quechua and Aymara. Spanish was introduced by conquistadors in the 1500s; it...

Spanish, Japanese, Turkish, and other languages. German language in the Basic Law "BBC - Languages - Languages". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September...

An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code that is used to identify human languages on the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by...

primary language used in parliamentary and state discourse, though all official languages are equal in legal status. The eleven official spoken languages were...

widely used. In addition to C and Simula's influences, other languages influenced this new language, including ALGOL 68, Ada, CLU, and ML. Initially, Stroustrup's...

history of language into ancient times and the Neolithic. The distribution of languages has changed substantially over time. Major regional languages like Elamite...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Ainu languages (/ˈaɪnuː/...

was an Indo-European language, more specifically from the Iranic group of Indo-Iranic languages. Most of the Scythian languages eventually became extinct...

the Chinese languages (simplified Chinese: 汉语族; traditional Chinese: 漢語族; pinyin: Hànyǔ zú), are a group of East Asian analytic languages that constitute...

African languages as "national languages", and 25 are officially recognized by the government. Wolof is by far the most widely used language (53.5% of...

there are various regional languages and languages brought by immigrants. Deaf communities in Poland use Polish Sign Language, which belongs to the German...

Karenic languages are tonal languages spoken by some 4.5 million Karen people. They are of unclear affiliation within the Sino-Tibetan languages. The Karen...

Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning rather than spoken words. They are...

and COBOL. The OOP features provided by languages varies. Below are some common features of OOP languages. Comparing OOP with other styles, like relational...

area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples...

kind of language, and include domain-specific markup languages, domain-specific modeling languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific...

number of languages List of languages by number of native speakers List of languages by total number of speakers Pidgin – Simplified language Rosetta Stone –...

different sign languages. Sign languages are independent of spoken languages, have their own language families (see sign language families), and follow their...

and earlier attested Indo-European languages, extremely early Germanic loanwords in Baltic and Finnish languages (for example, Finnish kuningas 'king')...

The Valyrian languages are a fictional language family in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, and in their television...

distinct language. Languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible. The Dagbanli, Nanumba and Mamprusi languages of Northern...

programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC (which have their own page), esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not...

(/ˈseɪlɪʃən/ SAY-lish-ən), also known as the Salish languages (/ˈseɪlɪʃ/ SAY-lish), are a family of languages spoken in the Pacific Northwest of North America...

be related but different enough to be separate languages, either among ancient neighboring languages or among modern varieties of Greek. While the bulk...

Uto-Aztecan languages, also known as the Uto-Aztekan or Uto-Nahuatl languages, are a family of Native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan...

the five national minority languages — Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sámi languages and Yiddish — and Swedish Sign Language. For several centuries, Sweden...

of the Ugric languages composed of multiple dialect continua. It is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct languages spoken in the...

classification of the Japonic languages and their external relations is unclear. Linguists traditionally consider the Japonic languages to belong to an independent...

other languages spoken on the peninsula before the late 7th-century Sillan unification comes largely from placenames. Some of these languages are believed...

Aboriginal languages are those languages spoken by Australian Aboriginal people. There are more than 250 distinct languages. Australian languages have historically...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Mayan languages are...

sole official language until 1974. Today, the Basic Law of Hong Kong states that English and Cantonese are the two official languages of Hong Kong. All...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Loloish languages, also...

programming or procedural programming languages), or as a joke. The use of the word esoteric distinguishes them from languages that working developers use to...

with English as a recognised language. The languages spoken on the island nation are deeply influenced by the various languages in India, Europe and Southeast...

maintaining that the Finno-Permic languages are as distinct from the Ugric languages as they are from the Samoyedic languages spoken in Siberia, or even that...

China. Some of the most widely spoken languages in this group are Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tatar. The Kipchak languages share a number of features that have...

are Indo-European, specifically Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages in South Asia, Iranian languages in parts of West, Central, and South Asia...

are the group of Celtic languages spoken in Brittany, Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man. All surviving Celtic languages are in the Insular group...

native regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Balinese, Banjarese, and Buginese, as well as by foreign languages such as Arabic,...

or Pisaca), also known as Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, is a group of several Indo-Aryan languages spoken in northern Pakistan, northwestern India...

1.2%, Romani/Gypsy with 0.3% and other languages with 0.2%. In contrast, regarding the usually spoken language (limbă vorbită de obicei; distinct from...

structural changes. The vast majority of languages in the world are natural languages. As a category, natural language includes both standard dialects (ones...

Languages of Nepal, referred to as Nepalese languages in the country's constitution, are the languages having at least an ancient history or origin inside...

of modularity and code reuse in functional languages are fundamentally the same as in procedural languages, since they both stem from structured programming...

The family of Northwest Solomonic languages is a branch of the Oceanic languages. It includes the Austronesian languages of Bougainville and Buka in Papua...

programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for extending the language, allowing...

merging. › The Anglo-Frisian languages are a proposed sub-branch of the West Germanic languages encompassing the Anglic languages (English, Scots, extinct...

branches: West Baltic (containing only extinct languages) and East Baltic (containing at least two living languages, Lithuanian, Latvian, and by some counts...

Thai and Lao, the national languages of Thailand and Laos, respectively. Around 93 million people speak Kra–Dai languages; 60% of those speak Thai. Ethnologue...

these languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that have first-language speakers are known as living languages. Languages have...

official language of the United Kingdom. A number of regional and migrant languages are also spoken. Indigenous Indo-European regional languages include...

Like Swahili, the Comorian languages are Sabaki languages, in the Bantu language family. Each island has its own language, and the four are conventionally...

Brittonic language. Welsh and the extinct Cumbric, both Western Brittonic languages, are more distantly related, and the Goidelic languages (Irish, Manx...

conjugation patterns. The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future. Some languages have only two distinct tenses, such as past...

However, programming languages often cater to several programming paradigms, so programmers using "mostly imperative" languages may have utilized some...

American languages traditionally spoken across the North American Arctic and the adjacent subarctic regions as far south as Labrador. The Inuit languages are...

the 22 scheduled languages of the Union. It is also the official language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territory...

East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic...

number of languages used in Ireland, where Irish and English serve as the two official languages, though the diversity of spoken languages is expanding...

Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities in the diaspora. The original Jewish language is Hebrew,...

Visayan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in the Philippines. They are most closely related to Tagalog and the Bikol languages, all...

Caucasian language family, spoken primarily by the Lezgin ethnic groups. Lezgin languages are spoken by some 1 million people. The languages of minor Lezgic...

a list of languages used in Russia. Russian is the only official language at the national level and there are other 35 official languages, which are...

have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone...

Indo-Iranian languages, also known as Indo-Iranic languages, or Aryan languages, constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They...

standard languages (Standard Modern Greek and Standard Turkish) are used. According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council...

studies) Languages of the Indian subcontinent, all the indigenous languages of the region regardless of language family, including: Dravidian languages Munda...

of Languages, pursuant to a resolution of UNESCO. The resolution also reaffirmed the need to achieve full parity among the six official languages on United...

Many languages are spoken, written and signed in Norway. In Norway, the indigenous languages, Norwegian and Sámi, have official status. Out of them, Norwegian...

languages are listed following the classifications of Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999). Extinct languages are marked with †, and endangered languages...

official languages. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation...

others are to some degree endangered. They are national languages of Taiwan. The aboriginal languages of Taiwan have great significance in historical linguistics...

one of the 22 scheduled languages of India, with 83 million speakers as of 2011. Marathi ranks 15th in the list of languages with the most native speakers...

languages are non-imperative, they often provide a facility for describing the effect of a function as a series of steps. Other functional languages,...

branch encompasses all Eskimoan languages (Inuit and Yupik languages). The second branch consists of a single language, Aleut, spoken in the Aleutian Islands...

end of World War II and the Korean War. Along with other languages such as the Chinese languages and Arabic, Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level...

further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines. Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses verb-subject-object order...

languages are one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and...

Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question...

merging. › West Iberian is a branch of the Ibero-Romance languages that includes the Castilian languages (Spanish, Judaeo-Spanish), Astur-Leonese (Asturian...

process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar...

more fluent speakers left. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, endangered languages are currently dying at an accelerated...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Mansi languages, also...

well, but evidence of such is limited. The Tyrsenian languages are Pre-Indo-European languages, and more specifically Paleo-European. In 1998 the German...

25%) Russian (2.36%) Serbo-Croatian (2.08%) Other (5.64%) Languages of Montenegro are languages that are spoken in Montenegro. According to the Constitution...

of the Byzantine Empire Languages of the Roman Empire Romance languages, the languages descended from Latin, including French, Spanish and Italian Romanesco...

is a family of Native American languages that includes at least the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit languages. Haida was formerly included but...

is being considered for merging. › The Sarmi–Jayapura languages consist of half a dozen languages spoken on the northern coast of Papua province of Indonesia:...

Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative...

The languages of Venezuela refers to the official languages and various dialects spoken in established communities within the country. In Venezuela, Castilian...

Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea...

are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh...

and Hungarian – in addition to other minority languages spoken in Russia. Both of the Nenets languages have been greatly influenced by Russian. Tundra...

Berber languages have one or none, and have a much lower proportion of Arabic loanwords than most Berber languages.[citation needed] The Tuareg languages are...

diverse group of languages, and are traditionally considered to be an outgroup, branching off first from the other Uralic languages. The term Samoyedic...

considered for merging. › The South Slavic languages are one of the three branches of the Slavic languages. They have approximately 30 million speakers...

Wu languages.Hokkien, one of the Min languages, has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language alongside Mandarin. Chinese languages other...

The Central Semitic languages comprise one of the two groups of West Semitic languages, the other being the South Semitic languages. They are therefore...

in traditional compiled languages. Java gained popularity shortly after its release, and has been a popular programming language since then. Java was the...

apply to any of the languages spoken in Europe and there are translations in many languages. Educational bodies for various languages have offered estimates...

categorisation of languages as classical languages. In 2004, Tamil became the first language to be recognised as a classical language of India. As of 2024...

spoken languages have not been written, all written languages have been predicated on an existing spoken language. When those with signed languages as their...

is a multilingual country with over 70 estimated languages in active use. Of the 44 living languages documented, 41 are indigenous and 3 are non-indigenous...

the Bolivian Sign Language (closely related to the American Sign Language). Indigenous languages and Spanish are official languages of the state according...

merging. › Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early...

Japanese language, Ryūkyūan languages are spoken in Okinawa and parts of Kagoshima in the Ryūkyū Islands. Along with Japanese, these languages are part...

This is a list of markup languages. This page directly lists markup languages that have not yet been assigned to more specific categories. However, many...

Arabic dialect, is the most widely spoken language in Algeria, but a number of regional and foreign languages are also spoken. Standard Algerian Amazigh...

Empire existed). The other Anatolian languages included Luwian and later Lycian, Lydian and Milyan. All these languages are believed to have become extinct...

considered for merging. › The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of Semitic languages. The term was first coined in 1883 by Fritz...

Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken...

scripting languages: Python (website) Perl (website) Ruby (source code) F# (website) Julia (source code). General-purpose programming languages: Java via...

Zone Indo-Aryan languages, and sometimes treated as a group of its own. Romani shares a number of features with the Central Zone languages. The most significant...

Brazilian states also have co-official languages, with 61 co-officialized languages. The list can be seen at Languages of Brazil. "Population". United Nations...

Twenty-two Mayan languages are spoken, especially in rural areas, as well as two non-Mayan Amerindian languages: Xinca, an indigenous language, and Garifuna...

from other Turkic languages is the rounding of the vowel /ɑ/ to /ɒ/ under the influence of Persian. Unlike other Turkic languages, vowel harmony is almost...

Northwest Caucasian languages, also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo–Adyghean, Abkhazo–Circassian, Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages (from Ancient Greek...

speakers of many Tai languages. The term Tai is now well-established as the generic name in English. In his book The Tai-Kadai Languages, Anthony Diller claims...

demonstrated. Nile Nubian languages are spoken chiefly along the Nile in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Other Nubian languages are spoken farther afield...

A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a...

Sumerian, and certain Indo-European languages such as Pashto, the Kurdish languages and many others. An ergative language maintains a syntactic or morphological...

Guaraní alongside Spanish, these being the official languages of the nation. The mixed form of these languages that also includes code-switching is known as...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Algic languages (/ˈælɡɪk/...

speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive...

standard languages being not mutually intelligible. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian and Sami languages) in...

official language, with three states and most territories having adopted English plus one or more other official languages. Overall, 430 languages are spoken...

of the Old Norse language; Danish and Swedish are also classified as East Scandinavian or East Nordic languages. Scandinavian languages are often considered...

agglutinative languages include Austronesian languages (e.g., Filipino, Malay, Javanese, Formosan languages), Turkic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, Mongolian, Manchu...

languages of Somalia and three official languages of Somaliland. It also serves as a language of instruction in Djibouti, and as the working language...

languages, are a family of indigenous languages of North America. They are known for their general lack of labial consonants. The Iroquoian languages...

languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in Zimbabwe. Since the adoption of its 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages,...

character description language for CJK (PDF), Multilingual, #91, vol. 18, pp. 62–68 Cook, Richard (2003), Chinese Character Description Languages (PDF)...

[ˈnaːwat͡ɬ] ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken...

as a single language but is actually a group of related languages. Some languages differ more from each other than the Romance languages do among themselves...

belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland,...

notable programming languages, grouped by notable language attribute. As a language can have multiple attributes, the same language can be in multiple...

existence of this group of languages is discussed on both linguistic and political bases. The classification of Occitano-Romance languages has been debated since...

Ural-Altaic family, as well as the Afroasiatic languages and the hypothetical Elamo-Dravidian languages. The Nostratic hypothesis originated with Holger...

reported as a parent language) whereas 4–17% were loan words from other African languages. Only 2–8% were from non-African languages, and Arabic loan words...

Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic...

Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Languages of Armenia Language families and languages List of Indo-European languages Spelled in classical orthography...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Yeniseian languages (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪən/...

Languages of science are vehicular languages used by one or several scientific communities for international communication. According to the science historian...

The majority of the languages of Spain belong to the Romance language family. Spanish is the only language with official status throughout the country...

Niger–Congo languages. This latter group comprises one Senegambian language (Fulfulde), 28 Adamawa languages, and 142 Benue–Congo languages (130 of which...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Igboid languages constitute...

typed languages, such as Pascal, are based on the idea that functions and procedures, and hence their operands, have a unique type. Such languages are said...

Aryan languages may refer to: Proto-Indo-Iranian language, a reconstructed language of the Indo-European family Indo-Iranian languages, also known as Indo-Iranic...

extinct family of indigenous American languages which were spoken in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Two Chonan languages are well attested: Selkʼnam (or Ona)...

for merging. › The Eastern Iranian languages or Eastern Iranic languages are an areal subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle...

English languages may refer to: Anglic languages, a linguistic family comprised Old English and its descendants English dialects, varieties of Modern English...

distinguished from Arabic and other Semitic languages since its morphology has been deeply influenced by Romance languages, namely Italian and Sicilian. The original...

second language is a classical language.[citation needed] In comparison, living languages with a large sphere of influence are known as world languages. The...

closely-related languages spoken by about eleven million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Historically, they have been called the Kolarian languages. They...

The Zhuang languages (/ˈdʒwæŋ, ˈdʒwɒŋ/; autonym: Vahcuengh [βa˧ɕuːŋ˧], Sawndip: 話僮) are more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of...

Borneo languages Central Sarawak languages Kayan–Murik languages Land Dayak languages Malayo–Chamic Chamic languages Malayic languages Rejang language Sundanese...

became one of three official languages and after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, one of two official languages of Israel, along with Modern...

languages South Bougainville languages This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bougainville languages. If an internal link incorrectly...

functional programming languages, such as Haskell, or in scripting languages, such as Python or Perl, or in imperative programming languages such as C or C++...

Semitic languages (such as Aramaic) and South Semitic languages (such as Geʽez) in its subject–object–verb word order, while the other Semitic languages usually...

The family of Southeast Solomonic languages forms a branch of the Oceanic languages. It consists of some 26 languages covering the Eastern Solomon Islands...

additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. The official language of Indonesia...

between the three Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx). Gaelic is a collective term for the Goidelic languages, and when the context is...

the Neo-Aramaic languages use the Syriac script. Other smaller minority languages include Shabaki and Armenian. Official languages of Iraq are defined...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Chadic languages form...

language family. It consists of the Northern Bantoid languages and the Southern Bantoid languages, a division which also includes the Bantu languages...

formalizing natural languages, many of them developed formal languages for use in the sciences or formalized parts of natural language for investigation...

Keith; Berry, Christine (1987). "A survey of some West Papuan phylum languages". Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. 4: 25–80. v t e v t e...

and ethnic grouping of Sino-Tibetan languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples. The Northern Naga or Konyak languages do not fall within the group, in spite...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Mande languages are...

Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages. The group comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other...

least six of the nineteen languages and dialects of Bhutan are Central Bodish languages. Dzongkha is a Central Bodish language with approximately 160,000...

Japonic languages (Japanese, Hachijō, Ryukyuan languages) Kherwarian languages Koreanic languages (Korean, Jeju) Classical Latin Lakota Mande languages Mongolian...

creole languages List of countries by English-speaking population List of languages by total number of speakers British Empire List of link languages Geolinguistics...

derives from Romance languages, but it also contains elements derived from Germanic, Greek, and Slavic languages. One of the language's most notable features...

corresponds to a single syntactic feature. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages. For example, in the agglutinative Turkish...

Colombians speak the Spanish language. Sixty-five Amerindian languages, two Creole languages, the Portuguese language and the Roma language are also spoken in the...

that pitch-accent languages are a sub-category of tonal languages in general. Languages that have been described as pitch-accent languages include: most dialects...

The languages spoken in Hungary include Hungarian, recognized minority languages, and other languages. Minority languages are spoken in a number of autochthonous...

Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English. The Celtic languages of Scotland can be divided...

being a U.S. state. Velupillai, Viveka (2015). Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 519. ISBN 978-90-272-5272-2...

Dené–Yeniseian languages are a recent proposal which has been generally well received, whereas reconstructions of the Proto-World language are often viewed...

populations of widely-varied dialects, as well as a few different languages; some examples of languages and regional accents (and/or dialects) within Great Britain...

South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994. According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Vasconic languages (from...

considered for merging. › The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian...

of notable constructed languages is divided into auxiliary, ritual, engineered, and artistic (including fictional) languages, and their respective subgenres...

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced...

Sudan, the official languages of Sudan are Literary Arabic and English. Most languages spoken in Africa fall into four language families. Three of them—Afro-Asiatic...

of the six official languages of the United Nations, one of the national languages of Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is...

the Western Oceanic languages consisting of 60 languages. All Papuan Tip languages, except Nimoa, Sudest, and the Kilivila languages (all spoken on islands...

government services in both languages across Canada. In addition to the symbolic designation of English and French as official languages, official bilingualism...

Northern Mishmi (Mishmic), or Kera'a–Tawrã languages are a possible small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Mishmi people of southeastern...

languages (also known as A.3 West Chadic) are a branch of West Chadic languages spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. The Angas languages are:...

Chinese is the official language of China and Taiwan, one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations...

The official language of Greece is Greek, spoken by 99% of the population. In addition, a number of non-official, minority languages and some Greek dialects...

group of Bantu languages spoken in southern Africa (mainly South Africa, Zimbabwe and Eswatini) by the Nguni people. Nguni languages include Xhosa, Ndebele...

students to collect field data on little-known languages for their Ph.D. dissertations. The Himalayan Languages Project was officially commissioned by the...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The High German languages (German: hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply...

Undeclared (2.40%) Unknown (4.30%) Languages spoken in the Serbian province of Vojvodina include South Slavic languages (Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian, Montenegrin...

Guaycuruana) is a language family spoken in northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). The speakers of the languages are often collectively...

The Tibetan languages or Tibetic languages are a branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages in the Sino-Tibetan language family. Descending from Old Tibetan...

Languages. Buske, 1983. P. 105ff. Campbell, George L.: Concise Compendium of the world's languages. London: Routledge 1999. Dupree, Louis: "Language and...

contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers. These contact languages are not to be confused with non-creole...

The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Welsh and English are de jure official languages of the Senedd...

morphophonetic rules are common in Turkmen and Turkish languages. For instance, both languages show vowel harmony and consonant mutation rules, and have...

"procedural" languages, but this notion was abandoned by the European Commission, whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working...

Roman Empire giving rise to Romance languages outside Italy, displacing Gaulish and many other Indo-European languages. The superstratum case refers to elite...

"Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World...

considered for merging. › Latino-Faliscan or Latinian languages were a group of Italic languages within the Indo-European family. They were spoken by the...

The Heptapod languages are two constructed fictional languages used in Ted Chiang's novella, "Story of Your Life", as well as its later film adaptation...

Dravidian languages family. It includes the literary languages Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu, as well as several non-literary languages such as Badaga...

script. A separate group of non-Kurdish Northwestern Iranian languages, the Zaza–Gorani languages, are also spoken by several million ethnic Kurds. The literary...

branch of Nguni languages, which also include Zulu, Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele, called the Zunda languages. Zunda languages effectively form...

Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak languages) are a subgroup branched from the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages. Most varieties...

recognizes the three languages of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish, French and German) as administrative languages. French remains the language of legislation, due...

the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the varieties...

Indo-European languages, Lithuanian is conservative in its grammar and phonology, retaining archaic features otherwise found only in ancient languages such as...

original languages, both Kichwa and Shuar are spoken within the corresponding indigenous communities and are legally considered as official languages of intercultural...

for merging. › The Malayalamoid languages, also known as the Malayalam languages, are the group of Dravidian languages and dialects most closely related...

programming languages List of Ruby programming books List of Ruby software and tools Metasploit Why's (poignant) Guide to Ruby Crystal (programming language) Ruby...

Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are divided into...

Mango Languages. As of April 2019, Mango Languages offers 71 language courses. Additionally, the service offers English lessons in 17 languages and specialty...

a universal language; there are between 200-300 officially recognized signed languages around the world, and ASL is one of those languages. ASL originated...

meanings in world languages and by weighting those sound patterns by the number of speakers of those languages. The list of source languages used for the algorithm...

Slavic languages' (Sussex & Cubberley 2006). Czech and Slovak are more closely related to each other than to the other West Slavic languages, and also...

Languages (HOPL) Dynamic Languages Symposium (DLS) ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and...

more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of...

(eastern) and Inlaod (western). Itneg languages almost sound the same with Ilocano, Pangasinan, and other Igorot languages. Itneg speakers use 5 vowel sounds:...

estimated three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through...

The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance or sometimes Iberian languages are a group of Romance languages that developed on the Iberian Peninsula, an area consisting...

Woccon † (†) – Extinct language Siouan languages can be grouped into Western Siouan languages and Catawban. The Western Siouan languages are typically subdivided...

Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Tai languages Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Southwestern Tai languages Northwestern...

following list includes more than a dozen indigenous languages amongst living languages and extinct languages in the country: Arabic: spoken by the Lebanese...

evidence of substantial borrowing of words between Tuu languages and other Khoisan languages, including basic vocabulary. Khoekhoe in particular is thought...

being considered for merging. › The Central Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in central Vanuatu. Clark (2009) provides...

of XML languages, for convenience in describing constraints on the XML constructs those languages allow. XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) is a family...

Abyssinian) is a family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. They form the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch...

Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic or Rhaeto-Romance languages. Old Gallo-Romance was one of the two languages in which the Oaths of Strasbourg were written...

influences) and Nogai languages. Most of the Uralic languages in the Volga River area have strongly influenced the Tatar language, as have the Arabic,...

some seventy languages centered on the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They are the predominant languages of the CAR...

merging. › The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed linguistic family consisting of around 210 Native African languages spoken by somewhere around 70...

list of lists of extinct languages. List of extinct languages of Africa List of extinct languages of Asia List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe...

the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination...

branch of the Austronesian language family Yapen languages (Papuan), also known as Yawa languages, an unclassified small language family This disambiguation...

being considered for merging. › The Ngero–Vitiaz languages form a linkage of Austronesian languages in northern Papua New Guinea. They are spoken, from...

countries by number of languages according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world. This...

analytic languages. Fusional languages favor inflection and agglutinative languages favor agglutination. Further divisions include polysynthetic languages (most...

for distinguishing dialects from languages, there may be as few as a dozen or as many as fifty-three Mixtec languages. The name "Mixteco" is a Nahuatl...

or Colchidian, are a branch of the Kartvelian languages constituted by the Mingrelian and Laz languages. The grouping is disputed as some Georgian linguists...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Mongolic languages are...

Hmongic languages and Mienic languages. The largest differences are due to divergent developments in their phonological systems. The Hmongic languages appear...

Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively...

considered for merging. › The Central Luzon languages are a group of languages belonging to the Philippine languages. These are predominantly spoken in the...

language-family proposal uniting the Uralic and the Altaic (in the narrow sense) languages. It is now generally agreed that even the Altaic languages...

Any of the other Tibetan languages Old Tibetan, the language used from the 7th to the 11th century Central Tibetan language, which forms the basis of...

Bantik and Ratahan languages, which are Sangiric languages, as well as the Ponosakan language, which is a Gorontalo–Mongondow language, are more distantly...

The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains...

other languages. Other top languages are Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Portuguese, French, German and Japanese. Of the more than 7,000 existing languages, only...

or Amuric, is a small language family, often portrayed as a language isolate, of two or three mutually unintelligible languages spoken by the Nivkh people...

dialect continuum (language complex) spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola by the ǃKung people, constituting two or three languages. Together with the...

in what is now northwestern Iran, and a variety of languages of the Caucasus and Iranian languages spoken in the Caucasus, particularly Udi and Old Azeri...

ethnic Chin people, although their language is closely related to Mru rather than to Kuki-Chin languages. The Mruic languages constitute a separate Tibeto-Burman...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Chicham languages, also...

all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (languages of the "Sea Gypsies") and the Molbog language (disputed)—and...

comparative method to all the attested Slavic languages and by taking into account other Indo-European languages. Rapid development of Slavic speech occurred...

the non-Semitic Sumerian language and adopted cuneiform writing. East Semitic languages stand apart from other Semitic languages, which are traditionally...

uncertain). Since the Bantu languages are spoken across most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Bantoid comprises 643 languages as counted by Ethnologue, though...

formal language theory, an abstract family of languages is an abstract mathematical notion generalizing characteristics common to the regular languages, the...

with the other Eastern languages (i.e. with Jicarilla and Lipan). Mescalero and Chiricahua are considered different languages even though they are mutually...

are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa. Examples familiar to English-speakers...

Northern Tungusic languages, form a subgroup of Tungusic languages of Far East Russia and northeastern China. The Ewenic languages include: Ewenic Even...

been suspected for a decade. Along with the Tuu languages and Khoe languages, they are one of three language families indigenous to southern Africa, which...

for Standardization (ISO) concerned with the representation of languages and language groups. It currently consists of four sets (1–3, 5) of code, named...

science, formal languages are used, among others, as the basis for defining the grammars of programming languages and controlled natural languages (i.e., formalized...

merging. › The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem...

Caledonian languages, also known as Kanak languages, form a branch of the Southern Oceanic languages. Their speakers are known as Kanaks. One language is extinct...

languages in Arunachal Pradesh, India traditionally classified as Sino-Tibetan languages, but that may be language isolates and independent language families...

describing sets of strings. Regular languages are closed under alternation, meaning that the alternation of two regular languages is again regular. In implementations...

another Thaypan / Rarmul Pama language. Pama–Maran languages Hale, Kenneth L. (1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia;...

related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and Tidung. The Murutic languages are: Murut proper Timugon...

new stable creole languages. As is the rule in most creoles, the lexicon of these languages can be traced to the parent languages, usually with predominance...

systems. A large number of modeling languages appear in the literature. Example of graphical modeling languages in the field of computer science, project...

Maninke, Minyanka, Senufo, Songhay languages, Soninke and Tamasheq are official languages. French is the working language. In 2024, the Francophone population...

speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот)...

English is a West Germanic language that originated from Ingvaeonic languages brought to Britain in the mid-5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon migrants...

languages are any of the languages employed in the original writings of the Bible. Some debate exists as to which language is the original language of...

programming languages History of programming languages List of programming languages List of Rust software and tools Outline of the Rust programming language Including...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Cahuapanan languages...

of languages that includes the Mongolic languages as well as the Para-Mongolic languages, a proposed extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Serbi...

Scottish Parliament's Scottish Languages Act 2025 came into effect, establishing Scottish Gaelic and Scots as official languages of Scotland, in addition to...

Bantu languages are indigenous to Mozambique. Portuguese, inherited from the colonial period (see: Portuguese Mozambique), is the official language, and...

dying. There are also three languages that recently became extinct. Most languages spoken locally belong to two broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu...

Major Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-29049-0. Yanson, Rudolf A. (1 January 2002), "On Pali-Burmese Interference", Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages, Brill...

definition, the language is spoken by over 14 million people. The larger group of historically related languages—called Shona or Shonic languages by linguists—also...

Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of...

any of the world's major language families found outside of Georgia. It is most closely connected to other regional languages of Georgia, such as Megrelian...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Yukaghir languages (/ˈjuːkəɡɪər/...

Foreign Languages Publishing House may refer to: Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea), Pyongyang Foreign Languages Publishing House (Soviet...

or so languages in the Tupi–Guarani language family. The best known language in this family is Paraguayan Guarani, one of the national languages of Paraguay...

being one of very few languages with six tone levels, though only three are needed for writing. The Central Plateau languages are a close geographical...

language portal List of extinct languages of Oceania Culture of Oceania Languages of Africa Languages of Asia Languages of the United States There are...

Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages. The two Boran languages are: Boran Bora (a.k.a. Bora–Miranya,...

Makú or Macú, though those forms can apply to any of the languages, or as Makuan. Such languages include Hup, spoken by Hupda (Hupdá Makú, Makú-Hupdá, Macú...

safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.[vague] Type-safe languages are sometimes also called strongly or strictly...

in other languages. The Tamil language, primarily spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, has produced loanwords in many different languages, including...

The Nahuan or Aztecan languages are those languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family that have undergone a sound change, known as Whorf's law, that...

Greenberg, the language family is divided up into three subgroups: Eastern Nilotic languages such as Turkana and Maasai Southern Nilotic languages such as Kalenjin...

It is one of 22 scheduled languages, as well as one of 11 classical languages, of India. Malayalam has official language status in Kerala, Lakshadweep...

no official language as neither the Constitution or other laws designate Danish as such. There are, moreover, no official minority languages in the country...

merging. › The Gallo-Italic or Gallo-Italian languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy: Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian...

Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science...

Romance languages. It comprises two of the branches of Romance languages: Italo-Dalmatian and Western Romance. It excludes the Sardinian language and Eastern...

intensive language study abroad. This nationally competitive program funds students who study one of the 15 critical need foreign languages, and is part...

official languages, French and Arabic. Ethnologue reports over 120 indigenous languages in the country. Nevertheless, French remains the primary language of...

being considered for merging. › The East Germanic languages are a group of extinct Germanic languages that were spoken by East Germanic peoples. East Germanic...

official language." About 250 languages are spoken throughout Austria, though many have very small populations of speakers. Only about 20 languages (apart...

minority-language literature. Different publications have reported different statistics for the languages of Iran; however, the top three languages spoken...

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules...

high degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages. Grammatically, both languages share a common syntax. One study showed that Czech and...

ISO 639-1, established to identify languages in computer systems, and ISO 639-2, which encodes a few hundred languages for library cataloguing and bibliographic...

Sign Language.) Indo-European languages Romance languages French (ISO code fra) Niger–Congo languages Beti languages Fang (fan) Kele–Tsogo languages Kendell...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Araucanian languages...

language, a planned language focused on one particular region, often blending elements of somewhat related languages in that region Minority language...

for merging. › The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This...

Languages used on the Internet List of fictional languages List of programming languages Lists of languages Sign language and List of sign languages List...

subgrouping of West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants. These languages share a number of commonalities...

language policies being developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism. Most languages spoken in the Caribbean are either European languages (namely...

being considered for merging. › The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages, all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil...

The Paleo-Balkan languages are a geographical grouping of various Indo-European languages that were spoken in the Balkans and surrounding areas in ancient...

22 languages have been classified as scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. There is no national language of India...

for merging. › Western Romance languages are one of the two subdivisions of a proposed subdivision of the Romance languages based on the La Spezia–Rimini...

refers to: Khowar language, a Dardic language of Chitral, Pakistan Chitral(i) language(s) may also refer to: any of the languages of Chitral a subgroup...

School of Language or School of Languages may refer to: Language school, a school where one studies a foreign language Milwaukee School of Languages, a 6–12...

Indigenous languages of the Americas. Typologically, Muskogean languages are highly synthetic and agglutinative. One documented language, Apalachee,...

Koro-Holon languages) are a small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. The Siangic languages consist of...

(Loos 1999). Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja...

languages. The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages are examples of languages where nine- or ten-vowel systems are still found. Languages of Africa Language...

The Elvish languages of Middle-earth, constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien, include Quenya and Sindarin. These were the various languages spoken by the Elves...

Judeo-Romance languages Judeo-Portuguese Scythian languages Alanic language Portugal portal Languages portal Iberian languages Languages of Spain Iberian...

The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively...

the Austronesian languages of Melanesia: that is, the Oceanic, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, or Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages apart from Polynesian...

Tolkien created several constructed languages, mostly related to his fictional world of Middle-earth. Inventing languages, something that he called glossopoeia...

different countries. Many examples of such languages can be found worldwide among the most-spoken languages, including but not limited to Chinese in China...

Luangic–Kisaric languages (Kisar, Romang, Luang, Wetan, Leti) in the Eastern branch of Timoric A. In a lexicostatistical classification of the languages of Southwest...

Pashayi (or Pashai) is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Pashayi people in parts of the Kapisa, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Kabul...

numerous smaller languages, which together with the Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form the Southwestern branch of Tai languages.[citation needed]...

Sino-Tibetan language belonging to the Southern Burmish branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages. Burmese is the most widely spoken of the Tibeto-Burman languages and...

considered for merging. › The Senufo or Senufic languages (French: Senoufo) comprise around 15 languages spoken by the Senufo in the north of Ivory Coast...

The languages spoken in Serbia include official language, recognized minority languages, and other languages. The official language of Serbia is Serbian...

Enlhet–Enenlhet, Lengua–Mascoy, or Chaco languages, are a small, closely related language family of Paraguay. The languages are: Maskoy (Toba-Maskoy) Enxet (Southern...

of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code, is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. The...

 › The Songhay, Songhai or Ayneha languages ([sõʁaj], [soŋaj] or [soŋoj]) are a group of closely related languages/dialects centred on the middle stretches...

Mordvinian languages (Russian: мордовские языки, mordovskiye yazyki), are a subgroup of the Uralic languages, comprising the closely related Erzya language and...

considered for merging. › The Chʼolan-Tzeltalan languages form a top-level branch of the Mayan family of languages, comprising two subbranches, Ch'olan and Tzeltalan...

of the Austronesian languages spoken on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces...

Worrorran (Wororan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Western Australia. The Worrorran languages fall into three...

stated that "Papua New Guinea has 832 living languages (languages, not dialects)." 25 of those languages are officially recognized, with the country's...

The official language of Bulgaria is Bulgarian, which is spoken natively by 86.2% of the country's population. Other major languages are Turkish (8.8%)...

merging. › Bihari languages are a group of the Indo-Aryan languages. The Bihari languages are mainly spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand...

which includes the Northwestern Formosan languages. Li (1981) and Li (1982) classify the Atayalic languages and dialects as follows: Atayalic Atayal Squliq...