Australian flying aceRoderic Dallas was killed while flying a solo mission over Liévin, France. Dallas was the highest-ranking Australian ace of the World War I, with his victories ranging from an official count of 39 to other sources claiming up to 51 victories.[3][4]
The first of two giant German Zeppelin-Staaken bombers lost to enemy action in World War I was shot down by anti-aircraft guns over the French lines.[5]
German submarine SM U-151 shelled, torpedoed or scuttled six American ships off the coast of New Jersey in what was referred to as "Black Sunday", including passenger ship Carolina which resulted in 13 deaths.[14]
Third Battle of the Aisne – Allied counterattacks halted the German advance at the Marne River. Allied casualties were massive at 127,000, including 98,000 French casualties and 29,000 British casualties. Germany suffered slightly more with 130,000 casualties.[17]
Battle of Belleau Wood – The first battalion of the 5th U.S. Marines held ground and inflicted heavy casualties on the attacking Germans, forcing them back to the village of Vaux. CaptainLloyd W. Williams was said to have famously responded to a general order to fall back with: "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"[18] He was killed in the battle on June 12 while waiting for the surviving Marines under his command to be evacuated by medics. For his bravery and sacrifice, Williams was posthumously awarded three Silver Stars and promoted to major.[19]
The British General Post Office increased postage rates to a pennyhalfpenny for ordinary letters, bringing an end to the Uniform Penny Post which had existed since 1840. The rate for postcards doubled from a halfpenny to a penny.[20]
Douglas Campbell, the first American to become an ace while flying for an American-trained unit, scored his sixth and final victory. He was badly wounded during the flight and grounded from future combat missions.[32]
Third Battle of the Aisne – German forces were within 56 kilometres (35 mi) of Paris, forcing many civilians to flee and the French government to draw up plans to evacuate to Bordeaux. Casualties were high on both sides with 127,000 for the Allies and 130,000 for Germany.[34]
The British colonial government in Nigeria arrested 70 chiefs of the Egba people as part of a crackdown on a general rebellion against direct taxation, forced labor laws, and other protests against the British authority.[43]
Action of Arsuf – British captured two key Ottoman observation positions over the Auju River in central Palestine, killing 217 and capturing another 300 Ottoman troops. The British had 62 men killed and 110 wounded.[47]
German spring offensive – German forces launched the fourth stage of their offensive against the Allies on the Western Front with Operation Gneisenau, beginning with 21 German divisions attacking over a 23 mi (37 km) front along the Matz River in France, resulting in an advance of 9 miles (14 km).[54]
Theda Bara starred in the silent drama Under the Yoke, which became noteworthy in its controversy in later years for its depiction of Filipinos and the one-sided view of American occupation in the Philippines.[57]
Died:Anna Dostoevskaya, Russian writer, second wife to Fyodor Dostoevsky, author of Anna Dostoyevskaya's Diary in 1867 and Memoirs of Anna Dostoyevskay (b. 1846)
Born:Barry Morse, English-Canadian actor, best known for the roles of Lt. Philip Gerard in the hit TV series The Fugitive and Professor Victor Bergman in the 1970s science fiction series Space: 1999, in London (d. 2008)
German spring offensive – Heavy casualties from French counterattacks forced the Germans to call off further advances along the Matz River in France. The Allies sustained 35,000 casualties and the Germans had 30,000 casualties.[69]
The Imperial Commercial College of Saint Petersburg was brought under control of the Commission on Public Education of the Northern Workers, and subsequently ceased functioning as an educational institution.[77]
Second Battle of the Piave River – The Austro-Hungarian Army under command of Svetozar Boroević launched 58 divisions against 52 divisions of the Italian Army under command of Armando Diaz, supported from by British and French units, along the Piave River in northern Italy.[78] The attack was ill-timed with the river higher due to spring thaw, trapping many Austro-Hungarian troops on the wrong side and making them easy targets for Italian fire. It was estimated 20,000 soldiers drowned trying to cross the river.[79]
Australian steamship Makambo ran aground at the northern end of Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. The vessel was refloated nine days later, but in that time black rats left the vessel and went ashore. The following years, the rat population exploded and wreaked havoc on the island's ecosystem, leading to the extinction of several of the island's birds and ravaging the sole crop on the island of kentia palm.[81]
British diplomat Henry McMahon published the Declaration to the Seven as the official British government response to a memorandum issued anonymously by seven Syrian notables in Cairo, which requested from the Allies a "guarantee of the ultimate independence of Arabia".[85]
Died:Lizzie Halliday, Irish-American serial killer, first woman to be sentenced to be executed by electric chair for murder (sentence was commuted) (b. 1859)
Second Battle of the Piave River – Italian forces regained all ground lost in the Austro-Hungarian offensive and pushed the Austro-Hungarian Army back to its starting position. Allied forces suffered 87,181 casualties, but Austria-Hungary suffered more with 118,000 casualties.[108]
Battle of Belleau Wood – The third battalion of the 5th U.S. Marines finally pushed the Germans out of Belleau Wood after 10 days of bloody hand-to-hand fighting. In total, the Americans suffered 1,811 men killed and 7,996 men wounded. German casualties were heavy but exact figures were unknown, although 1,600 German soldiers were taken prisoner.[115]
Canadian hospital ship HMHS Llandovery Castle was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine SM U-86 with the loss of 234 of the 258 people on board, making it the deadliest naval disaster in Canadian history.[123]
Axeman of New Orleans – Louis Besumer and his mistress Harriet Lowe were attacked in his New Orleans home with an axe that Besumer owned. Besumer survived the attack but the resulting investigation led to him becoming a suspect in the case. He served a nine-month sentence before a new trial acquitted him. The attack was similar to a previous murder involving an axe as a weapon and became connected to a series of subsequent murders in New Orleans.[124]
^Moskin, J. Robert (1992). The U.S. Marine Corps Story. Canada: Little, Brown and Company. p. 106.
^Franks, Norman, Aircraft vs. Aircraft: The Illustrated Story of Fighter Pilot Combat From 1914 to the Present Day, London: Grub Street, 1998, ISBN1-902304-04-7, pp. 38, 62
^Hammond, J.C. (1919). "The Naval Observatory eclipse expedition, June 8, 1918". Popular Astronomy. 27 (1): 1. Bibcode:1919PA.....27....1H.
^Motherwell, R.M. (1918). "The Total Solar Eclipse, June 8, 1918". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 12: 160–168A. Bibcode:1918JRASC..12..160M.
^Dr. Nathan Bradford, "1901-1935: How Americans and Filipinos regarded each other" in "Proceedings of the Second International Academic Conference on the Cultural Images of Colonial Domination", Cape Town, 1999
^Qəniyev, Seyfəddin. 1918-ci il Şamaxı soyqırımı (I kitab ed.). p. 22.
^Hogan, Edmund M. (2013). Cross and Scalpel: Jean-Marie Coquard Among the Egba of Yorubaland. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books. p. 304. ISBN978-978-081-287-4.
^George Jackson and Robert Devlin (eds.), Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 145-146
^Crawford, Rosemary; Crawford, Donald (1997). Michael and Natasha: The Life and Love of the Last Tsar of Russia. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 354–362. ISBN978-0-7538-0516-9.
^Newton, Dennis (1996). Australian Air Aces. Fyshwyck, Australian Capital Territory: Aerospace Publications. p. 53. ISBN1-875671-25-0.
^Baranenko A. V., Molodcova N. S. (2006). House at the "Five Corners" (from a Commercial College to the University) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: СПбГУТД. p. 68. ISBN5-7937-0224-5.
^Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 419. ISBN978-0786474707.
^Halsey, Francis Whiting: The Literary Digest History of the World War: Compiled from Original and Contemporary Sources. Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1919, V.9, p. 143
^Jerzy Krzyś, Pomorski Pułk Strzelców Murmańskich, Wydawnictwo: Ajaks, 1993 ISBN83-85621-22-9 p. 64
^Hindwood, K.A. (1940). The Birds of Lord Howe Island. Emu40: 1-86.
^Mark Bostridge, Vera Brittain and the First World War: The Story of Testament of Youth (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014), Kindle edition; Paul Berry and Mark Bostridge, Vera Brittain: A Life (Chatto & Windus, 1995)
^Rothenburg, G. The Army of Francis Joseph. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1976. p. 213
^Qəniyev, Seyfəddin. 1918-ci il Şamaxı soyqırımı (I kitab ed.). p. 22.
^Blumberg, Arnold, "Bombing, Italian Style," Aviation History, November 2015, p. 50.
^Maume, Patrick: The long Gestation, Irish Nationalist Life 1891–1918 p. 207 (note 322), Gill & Macmillan (1999); ISBN0-7171-2744-3
^S.G. Evans, A Short History of Bulgaria, London, Lawrence and Wishart, 1960, p. 156
^Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: Historical Sketches—Letters R through S. Vol. VI. Washington DC: Department of the Navy. p. 381. OCLC769806180.
^"Drugs to the Non-Tippers Arrested Chicago Waiters Confess Poisoning Hotel Guests. Detective Seize Large Quantity", The Kansas City Times, p. 3, June 23, 1918
^"Charge Waiters Gave Poison to Tipless Diners Alleged Drug Maker, His Wife and Two Bartenders", Duluth News Tribune, p. 1, June 24, 1918
^"WAITERS TAKEN FOR DRUGGING NONTIPPERS — Hoyne gets evidence of plot against Hotel Guests", Chicago Daily Tribune, p. 1, June 23, 1918
^Barnes, Charles Henry (1987). Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam. p. 96. ISBN978-0-85177-803-7.
^Brian Boyd. Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years. Princeton University Press, 1993. p. 154
^Brunn, H.O. The Story of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1960. Reprinted by Da Capo Press, 1977. ISBN0-306-70892-2
^Stewart, Richard W., ed. (2005). The United States Army in a Global Era, 1917–2003. American Military History. Volume Two. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. p. 32. Archived from the original on 2011-04-14. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
^Franks, Norman; Dempsey, Harry (2001). American Aces of World War I. Osprey Publishing. p. 50. ISBN1-84176-375-6.
^Süleymanov (1999). Qafqaz İslam Ordusu və Azərbaycan. Baku: Hərbi nəşriyyat. p. 190.
^Hunt, M. Stuart (1920). Nova Scotia's part in the Great War. Halifax, Nova Scotia: The Nova Scotia Veteran Publishing Co. Ltd. pp. 409–410. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
^Katz, Hélèna (2010). Cold Cases: Famous Unsolved Mysteries, Crimes, and Disappearances in America. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 56. ISBN9780313376924.
^Series "E", Volume 9, History of the 11th-13th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
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