The Council of the Russian Empire adopted a law freeing the last of the Russian serfs. In 1861, the Caucasus had been exempt from the emancipation of serfs there.[2]
Louis Armstrong, as an 11-year-old boy in New Orleans, was arrested by police after firing his stepfather's pistol to celebrate the arrival of the new year. He was sentenced by the juvenile court to 18 months at the Colored Waifs' Home, where his musical talent would be perfected, and he would go on to fame as one of America's greatest jazz artists.[7]
U.S. Representative William Wedemeyer of Michigan jumped overboard from the ocean liner Panama while returning to the United States, in an apparent suicide. Wedemeyer, who had been defeated in November 1912 in his bid for reelection, had accompanied U.S. President William Howard Taft in December on a visit to Panama as part of a 30-member congressional inspection party and was treated for depression in a Canal Zone hospital before sailing for home.[11]
The comic strip Bringing Up Father began an 87-year run. Created by George McManus, the strip about an Irish millionaire and his wife (Jiggs and Maggie) was a daily; it became a Sunday feature beginning April 14, 1918. After McManus died in 1954, the strip continued until May 28, 2000.[13][14][15]
Thomas Edison gave the first demonstration of his new invention, the kinetophone, at his laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey, described as "a combination of the moving picture machine and the phonograph, with a synchronizing device that is a marvel of mechanical ingenuity."[25]
The Hotel McAlpin, largest in New York City, opened with rooms for 2,500 guests. An unusual feature of the 25-story hotel was that was one floor was reserved exclusively for men, another for women, and the "sleepy sixteenth" floor was to be kept "quiet as a tomb" during the daytime.[43]
The passenger cargo ship SS Rosecrans broke in two after crashing during a storm against rocks off of the coast of the U.S. state of Washington. Two members of the crew survived and another 35 drowned in the storm.[45]
The Paris intra-urban transit system went entirely to electric streetcars, as the last horse-drawn streetcar made its final run on the city's rails.[53]
The county clerk for Ottawa County, Kansas, was accidentally locked inside the vault at the courthouse, and nobody in the office knew the combination except for him. Fortunately, former clerk John Bell, living in Salina, remembered the combination "after spending an hour searching his memory for the correct numerals."[This quote needs a citation] After 2+1⁄2 hours, when the vault was opened, "the liberated Baldwin fell to the floor unconscious" from lack of oxygen but survived.[54]
In an article for the Russian-language Paris newspaper Sozial Demokrat, Bolshevik activist Josef Dzhugashvili first used the pseudonym based on the Russian word for steel "Stal" (Стал). The issue was dated January 12 because of the differences between the Julian calendar used in Russia at the time, and the Gregorian calendar that would be adopted later. "The National Question and Social Democracy" was signed with the name "K. Stalin", a "steel man", a name that Joseph Stalin would use thereafter.[56][57]
U.S. Commerce Court judge Robert W. Archbald was convicted on five of 13 articles of impeachment by the United States Senate and removed from office. The vote was 68–5 on the first article, sufficient for removal. In all, he was convicted on three articles, acquitted on the other ten. He became only the third U.S. government official to be removed by the impeachment process.[60]
The first attempt at airmail delivery in the United States began as aviator Harry M. Jones took off from Franklin Park in Boston with a pouch of mail bound for several destinations en route to New York City.[63] Jones landed in Providence, Rhode Island 64 minutes later and collected more mail bound for New York. Plagued by frequent breakdowns and bad weather, Jones's 215 miles (346 km) flight would not be completed until 46 days later, on March 10.[64]
In a battle in the First Balkan War, the Ottoman battle cruiser Medjidie attacked and sank the Greek merchant ship Macedonia, which had been armed for use as a troop transport.[71]
The members of Britain's Royal Geographical Society voted overwhelmingly to admit women, after 82 years as an all-male organization.[72]
The first sickness benefits were paid under the United Kingdom's National Insurance Act as its provisions took effect. Men were eligible to receive ten shillings per week for illness, and women seven shillings and sixpence per week. After 13 weeks, the benefits for both men and women were five shillings a week.[73]
Srinivasa Ramanujan, a 26-year-old student in Madras, sent a letter to English mathematician G. H. Hardy, admitting that he had no formal mathematical training, but submitting more than 100 theorems that Hardy recognized as ingenious.[79]
Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré was elected as the new President of France. After none of the three candidates received a majority on the first ballot, the result on the second round was Prime Minister Poincaré 483, Agriculture Minister Jules Pams 296 and Marie Eduard Maillant 69.[80]
The Ottoman Navyattempted to break the Greek naval blockade in the Dardanelles off Lemnos, Greece. Despite firing more rounds, Ottoman ships missed their targets more often than the Greeks, who in turn were able to score more hits. As a result, three Ottoman ships were damaged, 41 sailors were killed and another 105 were wounded. The Greeks sustained only one wounded casualty. The Ottoman fleet retreated to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war.[85][86]
The British Antarctic Expedition was able to continue as the research ship Terra Nova finally broke through the ice outside of Antarctica's McMurdo Sound to pick up the Northern Party, the remaining members of the expedition. The group had set out to locate explorer the Southern Party that had been led by Robert Falcon Scott. Victor Campbell reported to the Terra Nova crew that Scott's party had reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, but all died on the return journey.[87]
A new war between white Americans and the Ute Native American tribe was threatened when a group of 50 Utes confronted a 100-man posse from the Montezuma County, Colorado Sheriff's Office that had arrived at the Southern Ute Indian Reservation to arrest one of the prominent Ute members, Big Rabbit, on charges arising from the shooting of a Mexican sheep herder during a gunfight that killed another Ute. Sheriff James Gawith and his deputies were met by a crowd of Utes armed with rifles, and vowed to fight to the death before surrendering their comrade.[88] The standoff would continue for five more months and would require the intervention of Colorado GovernorElias M. Ammons, who would announce on May 30 a settlement whereby Big Rabbit would surrender to Colorado authorities at Durango and be released on bond pending a fair trial, where he would be represented by a U.S. District Attorney.[89]
For the first time in its brief history, the Chicago Grand Opera Company was forced to cancel its scheduled performance because of a labor strike. Hours before the curtain was to rise for Pagliacci, featuring visiting star dancer Adeline Genée, the chorus girls demanded a 50 cent raise for performing on Sunday, from $2.00 to $2.50. Reportedly, the manager "waved crisp $2 notes in their faces" and told the women "Take it or leave it!" The chorus chose the latter, and the patrons were given refunds.[91]
Died:Claas Epp Jr., 74, Russian Mennonite religious leader who had predicted that the Second Coming would occur on March 8, 1889, and again on March 8, 1891 (b. 1838)[citation needed]
Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro presented an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire, giving the Turks 14 days to make a favorable reply to their demands or face a resumption of war.[95]
The first film footage of war scenes in color was shown, having been taken during the First Balkan War under the direction of British war correspondent Frederic Villiers, who accompanied a division of the Greek Army.[96]
Canadian Member of Parliament W.F. MacLean of South York made the first proposal for a central Canadian bank, in a speech on the floor of the House of Commons.[99]
Died:
Fanny Jackson Coppin, 76, American religious leader and activist, proponent for university education for women, particularly those of color (b. 1837)[citation needed]
The Ottoman Grand Council voted to surrender Edirne (Adrianople) to the Balkan Allies and to accept the other demands for peace, including ceding its Aegean islands.[100]
The Gazette of Worcester, Massachusetts, published a story that cost Jim Thorpe his Olympic medals. One of the sportswriters for the Gazette had played minor league baseball in the Eastern Carolina League for the Fayetteville Highlanders and was aware that Thorpe had played in the league in the 1909 and 1910 seasons. The Gazette editor had spent eight days verifying the fact before breaking the news that Thorpe had played professional ball for Fayetteville and for the Rocky Mount Railroaders.[102] The headline was "Thorpe With Professional Baseball Team Says Clancy", and quoted Charley Clancy, who had tipped off reporter Roy Johnson.[103]
Former Socialist Party presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs was arrested at Terre Haute, weeks after being indicted for obstructing justice.[108] Debs was quickly released on bail, and the case would be dismissed in May.[109]
Arizona's four electoral votes for Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 U.S. presidential election had not been received at the U.S. Vice President's office as the 6:00 pm deadline set by the Electoral College expired.[121]Wilfred T. Webb, an Arizona legislator, had departed Phoenix on January 17 but had stopped in St. Louis, Missouri, rather than proceeding directly to the nation's capital. Webb arrived the next afternoon at 4:00 pm and told reporters, "I took my time about getting to Washington, because I was under the impression that I had until February 1 in which to deliver our four electoral votes."[122]
The British Cabinet voted to remove the women's suffrage bill from consideration in the House of Commons.[123]
Died:James Henderson Berry, 71, American politician, U.S. Senator for Arkansas for 22 years from 1885 to 1907; Governor of Arkansas from 1883 to 1885 (b. 1841)[citation needed]
^Wilson, Wilford M. (1914). "District 1, North Atlantic States". Monthly Weather Review: Climatological Data for January 1913. Weather Bureau. pp. 2–3.
^Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913 [Concise History of the Balkan Wars 1912–1913]. Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1987. pp. 125–130.
^Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood. pp. 157–158. ISBN0-275-97888-5.
^"Portuguese Cabinet Out". New York Times. January 6, 1913.
^"Fifteen Die at Sea; Daring Saves Eight". New York Times. January 5, 1913.
^Gnowangerup-Ongerup - builder Vincent Brothers, contract let 19.9.1911, line opened 6.1.1913 - in table Construction of the W.A Government Railways network, 1879-1931 - page 210 - in Gunzburg, Adrian and Austin, Jeff (2008) Rails through the Bush: Timber and Firewood Tramways and Railway Contractors of Western Australia Perth, W.A. Rail Heritage WA. ISBN978-0-9803922-2-7
^"Thirty-Three Perish in Wreck". Milwaukee Journal. January 8, 1913. p. 1.
^Rushton, Gerald A., Whistle Up the Inlet - The Union Steamship Story, J.J. Douglas Ltd., Vancouver, BC (1974) ISBN0-88894-057-2, pp. 67-69
^Marius Vassiliou, The A to Z of the Petroleum Industry (Scarecrow Press, 2009) pp. 107-108.
^"Servia Aids Peace". Milwaukee Journal. January 8, 1913. p. 1.
^Mawson, Douglas (1988), Jacka, Fred; Jacka, Eleanor (eds.), Mawson's Antarctic diaries, North Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 148–158, ISBN978-0-04-320209-8
^Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984). A Book of Days for the Literary Year. New York; London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN0-500-01332-2.
^"Hotels Within Hotels". Milwaukee Journal. January 8, 1913. p. 2.
^Rufus Ward, The Tombigbee River Steamboats: Rollodores, Dead Heads, and Side-wheelers (The History Press, 2010).
^ "Boiler Kills Ten on Boat". Washington Post. January 10, 1913. p. 3.
^"History". Science City of Munoz. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
^Siegel, Jennifer (2002). Endgame: Britain, Russia and the Final Struggle for Central Asia. I.B.Tauris. p. 149.
^Gilbert, Martin (2002). A History of the Twentieth Century: The Concise Edition of the Acclaimed World History. HarperCollins. p. 68.
^"Memory Saves Life". Milwaukee Journal. January 12, 1913. p. 1.
^Michael Neiberg, The World War I Reader (New York University Press, 2006) p. 85
^Samad Shaheen, The Communist (Bolshevik) Theory of National Self-determination: Its Historical Evolution up to the October Revolution (W. van Hoeve, 1956) p. 41.
^ Roman Brackman, The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life (Taylor & Francis, 2003) pp. 82-83.
^Hölzl, Regina. Die Kultkammer des Ka-ni-nisut im Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien. 1st Edition. Brandstätter, Wien 2005, ISBN978-3-85498-436-8 (onlineArchived 2013-01-29 at the Wayback Machine; PDF; 35,1 MB), pp. 9ff, 31
^Hofsommer, Don L. (1988). "Julius Kruttschnitt". In Bryant, Jr., Keith L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Railroads in the Age of Regulation, 1900-1980. New York: Facts on File. pp. 253–255.
^"Immigrants to Read". Milwaukee Journal. January 26, 1913. p. 1.
^Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. p. 207. ISBN978-1-84832-049-9.
^Michael Lee Lanning, The American Revolution 100: The People, Battles, and Events of the American War for Independence, Ranked by Their Significance (Sourcebooks, 2008) p. 216
^"Arizona's Vote Missing— Electoral College's Messenger Fails To Reach Washington". Baltimore Sun. January 28, 1913. p. 1.
^"'I Took My Time Getting to Capitol'— Wilfred T. Webb, Special Messenger With Arizona's Electoral Vote, Reaches Washington One Day Late". Washington Herald. January 29, 1913. p. 2.
^"Cabinet Kills Suffrage Bill". Milwaukee Journal. January 27, 1913. p. 1.
^"Coins New Nickels". Milwaukee Journal. January 27, 1913. p. 1.