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Irene Higginbotham
Irene Higginbotham (June 11, 1918 – August 27, 1988) was an American songwriter and concert pianist. She is best known for co-writing the Billie Holiday song "Good Morning Heartache" (1946). Early lifeHigginbotham was born on June 11, 1918, in Worcester, Massachusetts.[1]Irene was born and raised in a family who loved music. She started her career by publishing her first song at the age of 13, and her songwriting career spanned from 1938-1977.[2] Her work included jazz,country, doo- woop, and pop tunes.[3] While her closest connection in the popular music of the 1930s and 1940s was Billie Holiday, the prolific songwriter was niece of the classic African-American jazz trombonist J. C. Higginbotham. She was a music student of choral conductor Kemper Harreld, of Morehouse College fame, and Frederic Hall.
Irene Higginbotham moved to Atlanta before settling down in New York in her early 20s. In NY, she was both a gifted pianist and music composer who began publishing songs. [4] Higginbotham gained her education as both a stenographer and a music student from the New York Business School and learned under musical teacher’s Kemper Harold and Frederic Hall.
Not only a music composer, Irene also created chamber music and a large variety of orchestral works. Most of these under the alias of Hart Jones, just one of many names that Irene used instead of her own.[5] Irene’s mother, Hart Jones Higginbotham, died just over a year after Irene was born. And her father, Garnett Roy Higginbotham raised her in Atlanta, Georgia. Garnett Roy Higginbotham was a hard working man, and had jobs as a tailor, educator, and journalist, all while raising Irene and teaching her piano. She began to compose music in her teens while studying music under Kemper Harreld and Frederick Hall. Eventually moving to New York to become a songwriter. [6] CareerShe was also a concert pianist at the age of 15 and joined the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) in 1944 when she was about 26. She was a composer of nearly 50 published songs. However, because she was an African-American woman who worked as a composer on Tin Pan Alley during a period when composers there were overwhelmingly white and male, some scholars and musicologists have speculated that Higginbotham may have composed many more songs that were never published and/or where she was never given a credit as a composer or co-composer. It is known that she, like a few other composers, used a pseudonym, in her case "Glenn Gibson", in what was probably an effort to conceal the fact that she was female, and an African-American female at that. While Higginbotham remains one of the least well-known or heralded songwriters, her large contributions to jazz and popular song are undeniable.[7][8]
Higginbotham worked with many notable big bands, including but not limited to Benny Goodman, Stan Kenton, and Duke Ellington. Many songs that included her would be lost to history. Irene’s most well-known song, “Good Morning Heartache” from 1946, included Higginbotham as the creator of the song’s haunting and complex melody. This song gave Irene the chance to work with Billie Holiday, who continued to record other songs created by Higginbotham.
“Good Morning Heartache” is considered a standard in the jazz repertoire and routinely played to this day.[9] Higginbotham also composed and published songs under false names and aliases, most notably “Glenn Gibson” in order to receive more attention as an innocuous male name. She most likely did this, as other biographers note, in order to publish for organizations without push back. During the 1950s, Irene became more and more connected to rhythm, blues, and the early rock and roll scene. Using her large range of emotion with her compositions, she moved to creating jazz, boogie woogie, jump blues, and R&B.
However not all the songs that Irene created were under this name. One of Higginbotham’s publishers also used the name Glenn Gibson to copyright songs, even some that were public domain. Irene wasn’t a composer her entire career. She was a jack of all trades with her many different jobs that she took over the years. As she had a hand in creating an early boogie woogie instruction book and she worked under manager and promoter Joe Davis.[10] Irene included a large range of emotion within her material, going from lost love with more melancholy tones, to humorous material that included on-stage antics and music for a vaudeville team “Stump and Stumpy”. She also included combinations of different genres, including jazz and soap opera. She also worked with Syd Shaw, which ended with a creation of songs that were on par to R&B and doo wop. She also worked on composing pop tunes. Having such a large variety of song genres that Irene could create was one of the key factors to her success and having such a large discography. This gave her the ability to work with a diverse cast of musicians.[11] Higginbotham died on August 27, 1988, in New York City.[1] ConnectionsHigginbotham had many connections with other prominent jazz musicians or ties to other famous figures. As she worked with or has been recognized by:
J.C. Higginbotham gave Irene a golden opportunity by bringing in one of Irene’s tunes to a rehearsal with the Red Allen Band. The group ended up liking her music so much that they recorded it on their next session. Thus giving Irene the jumpstart to her career that led her to her place in history today. [13] WorksHer popular-song compositions included:[14]
Also see ASCAP pages for a partial list.[15] The two IrenesIrene Higginbotham is not to be confused with Irene Kitchings (1908-1975), who was married to jazz pianist Teddy Wilson for a short time and wrote the jazz standard Some Other Spring.[16] References
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