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Hindon River
Hindon River is an Indian river in that originates from the Shakumbhari devi range (Upper Sivaliks) in Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh and falls into Yamuna river in Noida. Hindon is a tributary of Yamuna and is entirely rainfed, having an approximate catchment area of 7,083 square kilometres (2,735 sq mi). It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for 400 kilometres (250 mi) through Muzaffarnagar district, Meerut district, Baghpat district, Ghaziabad district and Gautam Buddh Nagar district before it joins Yamuna river at Sector-150, Noida.[1] The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts of Delhi.[2] TributaryThe Kali river is a tributary of Hindon. Kali originates in the Rajaji Range of Sivalik Hills and travels about 150 kilometres (93 mi) passing through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Bagpat districts, merges with Hindon River at Pithlokar near Sardhana. After that Hindon merges with the Yamuna River in Noida. The Kali river is also highly polluted and adds to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through a populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh.[1] MythologyNear Sardhana lies the ancient Mahadev Temple that is believed to be dating from the Mahabharata period, and where the Pandavas prayed before leaving for the Lakshagrih, the notorious palace made of lac by Duryodhana, at the confluence of the Hindon (previously known as Harnandi) and Krishna rivers (Kali River, Kali Nadi) at Varnavrat, the present Barnava, and where the prince resided with their mother Kunti.[3] HistoryAn Indus Valley civilization (fl. 3300–1300 BCE) site, Alamgirpur is located along the Hindon River, 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Delhi.[4] During 1857–58, Ghaziabad city was a scene of fighting during the Indian Mutiny, when Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army that were under the British East India Company mutinied but soon turned into a widespread uprising against British rule in India. The Hindon River, in particular, was the site of several skirmishes between Indian troops and British soldiers in 1857 including the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai and today, the graves of the British soldiers and officers can still be seen. Ghaziabad's place in Northern Indian history is assured by the birth of many freedom fighters who played a role in various revolutions all dedicated to the attainment of freedom for all who have lived – and are still living – there. Hindon VahiniThe industries of western Uttar Pradesh discharge their effluents, often with no treatment, directly into the Hindon River.[citation needed] This heavy loading characterizes the presence of toxic contaminants and for the biological diversity of river ecology. Dissolved oxygen levels are zero throughout the length of this river. But now many NGOs have come forward to rejuvenate this river. Abhiyans like Hindon Kali and Krishna Bachao Abhiyan are held by locals. NGOs with RWA are working to aware local and trying to remove solid non-biodegradable wastes like plastic from the river. Now, farming is reducing chemical fertilizes and pesticides near the flood plains.[1] References
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