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Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau
Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau (; born as Count Pückler, from 1822 Prince; 30 October 1785 – 4 February 1871) was a German nobleman, renowned as an accomplished artist in landscape gardening, as well as the author of a number of books mainly centering around his travels in Europe and Northern Africa, published under the pen name of "Semilasso". Early life and military careerPückler-Muskau was the first of five children of Count Carl Ludwig Hans Erdmann von Pückler-Muskau-Groditz (1754-1811), and his wife, Countess Clementine of Callenberg (1770-1850), who gave birth to him at age 15. He was born at Muskau Castle (now Bad Muskau) in Upper Lusatia, then ruled by the Electorate of Saxony. He served for some time in the Saxon "Garde du Corps" cavalry regiment at Dresden, and afterwards traveled through France and Italy, often by foot. In 1811, after the death of his father, he inherited the Standesherrschaft (barony) of Muskau. Joining the war of liberation against Napoleon I of France, he left Muskau under the General Inspectorate of his friend, the writer and composer Leopold Schefer. As an officer under the Duke of Saxe-Weimar he distinguished himself in the field. Later, he was made military and civil governor of Bruges.  Tours of Great Britain and beyondAfter the war he retired from the army and toured Great Britain for a year, moving with ease in aristocratic circles. He attended plays at His Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket and Drury Lane (admiring performances of Eliza O'Neill), studied parkland landscaping, and in Wales visited the Ladies of Llangollen in 1828. He remarked on the “coarseness and brutality” of the British theatre audiences as compared with the staid Continental audiences.[1] In 1822, in compensation for certain privileges which he resigned, he was raised to the rank of "Fürst"[2] by King Frederick William III of Prussia. In 1817 he married the Dowager Countess Lucie von Pappenheim, née von Hardenberg, daughter of Prussian statesman Prince Karl August von Hardenberg. As early as 1820, Pückler considered selling the Muskau estate, as the fortune Lucie had brought with her had been used up. Lucie von Pückler made the unusual suggestion to her husband to dissolve the marriage so that he could once again go in search of a wealthy wife. The marriage was divorced in February 1826. The official reason given was that the couple had no children. Shortly before, in January 1826, Pückler had signed over the Pückler-Muskau estate to his wife in order to save his property from possible seizure.[3] Pückler actually went to England in September 1826 to look for a bride. As word of his intentions had spread quickly, the search was unsuccessful and was even commented on with derision in the English press. Nevertheless, the Prince remained in England for two years. In 1828 his tours took him to Ireland, notably to the seat of Daniel O'Connell in Kerry.[4] During his time in England, he gathered new ideas for his park and wrote amusing letters about English society to his divorced wife. Lucie kept all the letters and prepared them for publication. After Pückler's return, the letters were published in two volumes.The book was an enormous success in Germany,[5] and also caused a great stir when it appeared in English as Tour of a German Prince (1831–32).   A daring character, he subsequently traveled in Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, and Sudan and explored ancient Nubia. He is documented as having visited the site of Naqa in modern-day Sudan in 1837. He also visited the nearby site of Musawwarat es-Sufra, and in both places, he carved his name in the stone of the temples. In the same year, at the slave market in Cairo, he purchased an Ethiopian Oromo girl in her early teens, whom he named Mahbuba ("the beloved"). He took her to Asia Minor, Greece, and Vienna, where he introduced her to European high society, but Mahbuba developed tuberculosis and died in Muskau in 1840. Later he would write that she was "the being I loved most of all the world."[6] Later lifeHe then lived in Berlin and Muskau, where he spent much time cultivating and improving Muskau Park, which still exists today. In 1845 he sold this estate, and, although he still lived from time to time at various places in Germany and Italy, his principal residence became Branitz Palace near Cottbus, where he laid out another splendid park.[7] Politically he was a liberal, supporting the Prussian reforms of Freiherr vom Stein. This, together with his pantheism and his colourful lifestyle, made him slightly suspect in the society of the Biedermeier period. In 1863 he was made a hereditary member of the Prussian House of Lords, and in 1866 he attended — by then an octogenarian — the Prussian general staff in the Austro-Prussian War.[7] He was decorated for his 'actions' at the Battle of Königgratz, even though the then 80-year-old Prince had slept throughout the day of the battle. In 1871 the prince died at Branitz. Since human cremation was illegal at that time for religious reasons, he resorted to an ingenious evasion of traditional burial; he left instructions that his heart be dissolved in sulphuric acid, and that his body should be embedded in caustic soda, caustic potash, and caustic lime. Thus, on 9 February 1871, his denatured remains were buried in the Tumulus - an earth pyramid surrounded by a parkland lake at Branitzer Castle. Dying childless, Pückler-Muskau's castle and estate passed to the heir of the princely title, his nephew Heinrich von Pückler, with money and other assets going to his niece Marie von Pachelbl-Gehag, née von Seydewitz. The prince's literary estate was inherited by writer Ludmilla Assing, who wrote his biography and posthumously published correspondence and diaries unpublished during his lifetime. Artist As a landscape gardener, he is considered of European importance. As a writer of travel books, he holds a high position, his powers of observation being keen and his style lucid, animated, and witty. This is most evident in his first work Briefe eines Verstorbenen (4 vols, 1830–1831), in which he expresses many independent judgments about England and other countries he visited in the late 1820s and about prominent people he met. Among his later travel books are Semilassos vorletzter Weltgang (3 vols, 1835), Semilasso in Afrika (5 vols, 1836), Aus Mehemed Ali's Reich (3 vols, 1844) and Die Rückkehr (3 vols, 1846–1848).[7] Andeutungen über Landschaftsgärtnerei (1834, "Remarks on Landscape Gardening") was the only book he published under his own name and was widely influential. In 2016, the Bundeskunsthalle in Bonn dedicated an exhibition to the eccentric prince, with the title "Die Gartenlandschaften des Fürsten Pückler". Two of his gardens are listed on the UNESCO Lists of World Heritage Sites: one at Bad Muskau, the other Babelsberg near Potsdam, with both considered high points of European 19th-century landscape design. There are also drawings and caricatures that he created, but did not publish.
Publications
HonoursFürst-Pückler-Eis His name is still used in German cuisine in Fürst-Pückler-Eis (Prince Pückler ice cream), a Neapolitan style combination of strawberry, vanilla and chocolate ice cream. It was named in his honour by Royal Prussian court cook Louis Ferdinand Jungius in 1839. In Roberto Bolaño's novel 2666 the dessert named after Fürst Pückler is mentioned as an example of one's reputation being defined unexpectedly by accomplishments of lesser significance. Orders and decorations
See alsoNotes
References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hermann von Pückler-Muskau. |
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