Anderson split the 2021 season between Hickory (reclassified to the High-A East) and the Frisco RoughRiders of the Double-A Central, going a combined 2–4 with a 5.76 ERA and 61 strikeouts over 54+1⁄3 innings. His 2022 campaign was split between Frisco and the Round Rock Express of the Triple-APacific Coast League, with whom he posted a 5–0 combined record with a 3.48 ERA and 91 strikeouts over 67+1⁄3 innings.[8] During the 2022 offseason, he played in the Puerto Rican Winter League for the Cangrejeros de Santurce, posting a 1–2 record with a 0.47 ERA and 24 strikeouts over 19 innings.[9] Anderson opened the 2023 season moving between Frisco and Round Rock.[10]
On May 29, 2023, Texas selected Anderson's contract and promoted him to the major leagues for the first time. In his major league debut on May 30, Anderson performed in a relief role, striking out the first four batters he faced. Anderson completed 22⁄3 innings, striking out seven before giving up a single to Miguel Cabrera, and recorded the win.[11] In 26 relief outings during his rookie campaign, he logged a 5.05 ERA with 30 strikeouts across 35+2⁄3 innings pitched.
Anderson was optioned to Triple–A Round Rock to begin the 2024 season,[12] but was recalled on April 7 to replace an injured Josh Sborz.[13] He was optioned back to Round Rock on June 12 to make room for Brock Burke.[14] He was recalled again on July 4.[15]