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GNAI3

GNAI3

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2IHB, 2ODE, 2V4Z, 4G5O, 4G5R, 4G5S

Identifiers

GNAI3, 87U6, ARCND1, G protein subunit alpha i3, HG1A

External IDs

OMIM: 139370; MGI: 95773; HomoloGene: 55975; GeneCards: GNAI3; OMA:GNAI3 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]

Band	1p13.3	Start	109,548,615 bp^[1]
Band	1p13.3	End	109,600,195 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)^[2]

Band	3 F2.3\|3 46.83 cM	Start	108,014,596 bp^[2]
Band	3 F2.3\|3 46.83 cM	End	108,053,462 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

gingival epithelium

skin of thigh

parietal pleura

visceral pleura

hair follicle

skin of hip

tibia

cartilage tissue

oral cavity

cervix epithelium

Top expressed in

abdominal wall

medial ganglionic eminence

dermis

skin of external ear

primitive streak

efferent ductule

vas deferens

gastrula

seminal vesicula

granulocyte

More reference expression data


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	signal transducer activity metal ion binding protein domain specific binding nucleotide binding GTPase activating protein binding guanyl nucleotide binding GDP binding G protein-coupled receptor binding G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding protein binding GTPase activity GTP binding
Cellular component	extracellular exosome lysosomal membrane cytoplasm microtubule organizing center Golgi apparatus heterotrimeric G-protein complex membrane centrosome midbody membrane raft zymogen granule cytoskeleton plasma membrane nucleus nucleolus Golgi membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Biological process	cell cycle signal transduction negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity GTP metabolic process cell division vesicle fusion dopamine receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway protein folding adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway transport positive regulation of macroautophagy G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway brain development positive regulation of superoxide anion generation positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Species

Human

Mouse


2773


14679


ENSG00000065135


ENSMUSG00000000001


P08754


Q9DC51

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_006496


NM_010306

RefSeq (protein)


NP_006487


NP_034436

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 109.55 – 109.6 Mb

Chr 3: 108.01 – 108.05 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI3 gene.^[5]^[6]

Interactions

GNAI3 has been shown to interact with:

See also

Gi alpha subunit

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000065135 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000001 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Didsbury JR, Snyderman R (Jul 1987). "Molecular cloning of a new human G protein. Evidence for two Gi alpha-like protein families". FEBS Letters. 219 (1): 259–63. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81228-0. PMID 3109953. S2CID 85219415.
^ "Entrez Gene: GNAI3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3".
^ Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG (Sep 1996). "RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity". Nature. 383 (6596): 175–7. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..175H. doi:10.1038/383175a0. PMID 8774883. S2CID 4318445.
^ ^a ^b Kimple RJ, De Vries L, Tronchère H, Behe CI, Morris RA, Gist Farquhar M, Siderovski DP (Aug 2001). "RGS12 and RGS14 GoLoco motifs are G alpha(i) interaction sites with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (31): 29275–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103208200. PMID 11387333.
^ ^a ^b Chen C, Zheng B, Han J, Lin SC (Mar 1997). "Characterization of a novel mammalian RGS protein that binds to Galpha proteins and inhibits pheromone signaling in yeast". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8679–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8679. PMID 9079700.
^ Beadling C, Druey KM, Richter G, Kehrl JH, Smith KA (Mar 1999). "Regulators of G protein signaling exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression and target G protein specificity in human lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 162 (5): 2677–82. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2677. PMID 10072511.
^ Yowe D, Weich N, Prabhudas M, Poisson L, Errada P, Kapeller R, Yu K, Faron L, Shen M, Cleary J, Wilkie TM, Gutierrez-Ramos C, Hodge MR (Oct 2001). "RGS18 is a myeloerythroid lineage-specific regulator of G-protein-signalling molecule highly expressed in megakaryocytes". The Biochemical Journal. 359 (Pt 1): 109–18. doi:10.1042/bj3590109. PMC 1222126. PMID 11563974.
^ Gagnon AW, Murray DL, Leadley RJ (Jul 2002). "Cloning and characterization of a novel regulator of G protein signalling in human platelets". Cellular Signalling. 14 (7): 595–606. doi:10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00012-8. PMID 11955952.
^ De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, Jones TL, Farquhar MG (Dec 1996). "GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (26): 15203–8. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9315203D. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203. PMC 26381. PMID 8986788.
^ Woulfe DS, Stadel JM (Jun 1999). "Structural basis for the selectivity of the RGS protein, GAIP, for Galphai family members. Identification of a single amino acid determinant for selective interaction of Galphai subunits with GAIP". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (25): 17718–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17718. PMID 10364213.
^ De Vries L, Mousli M, Wurmser A, Farquhar MG (Dec 1995). "GAIP, a protein that specifically interacts with the trimeric G protein G alpha i3, is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved core domain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (25): 11916–20. Bibcode:1995PNAS...9211916D. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11916. PMC 40514. PMID 8524874.
^ Zhou J, Moroi K, Nishiyama M, Usui H, Seki N, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kimura S (Feb 2001). "Characterization of RGS5 in regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling". Life Sciences. 68 (13): 1457–69. doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(01)00939-0. PMID 11253162.
^ Tall GG, Krumins AM, Gilman AG (Mar 2003). "Mammalian Ric-8A (synembryn) is a heterotrimeric Galpha protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (10): 8356–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211862200. PMID 12509430.
^ Lee MJ, Evans M, Hla T (May 1996). "The inducible G protein-coupled receptor edg-1 signals via the G(i)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (19): 11272–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.19.11272. PMID 8626678.

Further reading

Downes GB, Gautam N (Dec 1999). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
Sidhu A, Niznik HB (Nov 2000). "Coupling of dopamine receptor subtypes to multiple and diverse G proteins". International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. 18 (7): 669–77. doi:10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00033-2. PMID 10978845. S2CID 21002590.
Jiang M, Pandey S, Tran VT, Fong HK (May 1991). "Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (9): 3907–11. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.3907J. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.3907. PMC 51562. PMID 1902575.
Carty DJ, Padrell E, Codina J, Birnbaumer L, Hildebrandt JD, Iyengar R (Apr 1990). "Distinct guanine nucleotide binding and release properties of the three Gi proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (11): 6268–73. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39320-2. PMID 2108158.
Suki WN, Abramowitz J, Mattera R, Codina J, Birnbaumer L (Aug 1987). "The human genome encodes at least three non-allellic G proteins with alpha i-type subunits". FEBS Letters. 220 (1): 187–92. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80900-6. PMID 2440724. S2CID 83824512.
Codina J, Olate J, Abramowitz J, Mattera R, Cook RG, Birnbaumer L (May 1988). "Alpha i-3 cDNA encodes the alpha subunit of Gk, the stimulatory G protein of receptor-regulated K+ channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (14): 6746–50. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68706-X. PMID 2452165.
Itoh H, Toyama R, Kozasa T, Tsukamoto T, Matsuoka M, Kaziro Y (May 1988). "Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (14): 6656–64. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68692-2. PMID 2834384.
Beals CR, Wilson CB, Perlmutter RM (Nov 1987). "A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84 (22): 7886–90. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.7886B. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.22.7886. PMC 299440. PMID 3120178.
Kim SY, Ang SL, Bloch DB, Bloch KD, Kawahara Y, Tolman C, Lee R, Seidman JG, Neer EJ (Jun 1988). "Identification of cDNA encoding an additional alpha subunit of a human GTP-binding protein: expression of three alpha i subtypes in human tissues and cell lines". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 85 (12): 4153–7. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.4153K. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.12.4153. PMC 280384. PMID 3132707.
Migeon JC, Thomas SL, Nathanson NM (Jul 1995). "Differential coupling of m2 and m4 muscarinic receptors to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by Gi alpha and G(o)alpha subunits". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (27): 16070–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.27.16070. PMID 7608168.
Raymond JR, Olsen CL, Gettys TW (Oct 1993). "Cell-specific physical and functional coupling of human 5-HT1A receptors to inhibitory G protein alpha-subunits and lack of coupling to Gs alpha". Biochemistry. 32 (41): 11064–73. doi:10.1021/bi00092a016. PMID 8218170.
Wu D, LaRosa GJ, Simon MI (Jul 1993). "G protein-coupled signal transduction pathways for interleukin-8". Science. 261 (5117): 101–3. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..101W. doi:10.1126/science.8316840. PMID 8316840.
Europe-Finner GN, Phaneuf S, Watson SP, López Bernal A (Jun 1993). "Identification and expression of G-proteins in human myometrium: up-regulation of G alpha s in pregnancy". Endocrinology. 132 (6): 2484–90. doi:10.1210/endo.132.6.8504751. PMID 8504751.
De Vries L, Mousli M, Wurmser A, Farquhar MG (Dec 1995). "GAIP, a protein that specifically interacts with the trimeric G protein G alpha i3, is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved core domain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (25): 11916–20. Bibcode:1995PNAS...9211916D. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11916. PMC 40514. PMID 8524874.
Laugwitz KL, Allgeier A, Offermanns S, Spicher K, Van Sande J, Dumont JE, Schultz G (Jan 1996). "The human thyrotropin receptor: a heptahelical receptor capable of stimulating members of all four G protein families". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (1): 116–20. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93..116L. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.116. PMC 40189. PMID 8552586.
Lee MJ, Evans M, Hla T (May 1996). "The inducible G protein-coupled receptor edg-1 signals via the G(i)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (19): 11272–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.19.11272. PMID 8626678.
Solomon KR, Rudd CE, Finberg RW (Jun 1996). "The association between glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits in lymphocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (12): 6053–8. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.6053S. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.6053. PMC 39187. PMID 8650218.
Zhang J, Pratt RE (Jun 1996). "The AT2 receptor selectively associates with Gialpha2 and Gialpha3 in the rat fetus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (25): 15026–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.25.15026. PMID 8663053.
Hunt TW, Fields TA, Casey PJ, Peralta EG (Sep 1996). "RGS10 is a selective activator of G alpha i GTPase activity". Nature. 383 (6596): 175–7. Bibcode:1996Natur.383..175H. doi:10.1038/383175a0. PMID 8774883. S2CID 4318445.

PDB gallery

1agr: COMPLEX OF ALF4-ACTIVATED GI-ALPHA-1 WITH RGS4
1as0: GTP-GAMMA-S BOUND G42V GIA1
1as2: GDP+PI BOUND G42V GIA1
1as3: GDP BOUND G42V GIA1
1bh2: A326S MUTANT OF AN INHIBITORY ALPHA SUBUNIT
1bof: GI-ALPHA-1 BOUND TO GDP AND MAGNESIUM
1cip: GI-ALPHA-1 SUBUNIT OF GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING PROTEIN COMPLEXED WITH A GTP ANALOGUE
1gdd: TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN GIA1 INDUCED BY GTP HYDROLYSIS
1gfi: STRUCTURES OF ACTIVE CONFORMATIONS OF GI ALPHA 1 AND THE MECHANISM OF GTP HYDROLYSIS
1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1gia: STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE CONFORMATIONS OF GIA1 AND THE MECHANISM OF GTP HYDROLYSIS
1gil: STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE CONFORMATIONS OF GIA1 AND THE MECHANISM OF GTP HYDROLYSIS
1git: STRUCTURE OF GTP-BINDING PROTEIN
1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1kjy: Crystal Structure of Human G[alpha]i1 Bound to the GoLoco Motif of RGS14
1svk: Structure of the K180P mutant of Gi alpha subunit bound to AlF4 and GDP
1svs: Structure of the K180P mutant of Gi alpha subunit bound to GppNHp.
1y3a: Structure of G-Alpha-I1 bound to a GDP-selective peptide provides insight into guanine nucleotide exchange
2g83: Structure of activated G-alpha-i1 bound to a nucleotide-state-selective peptide: Minimal determinants for recognizing the active form of a G protein alpha subunit
2gtp: Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of human RGS1 and activated Gi alpha 1
2hlb: A Structural Basis for Nucleotide Exchange on G-alpha-i Subunits and Receptor Coupling Specificity
2ihb: Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of human RGS10 and activated Gi alpha 3
2ik8: Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of human RGS16 and activated Gi alpha 1
2ode: Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of human RGS8 and activated Gi alpha 3

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A
cGMP:	Transducin Gustducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G
G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16
G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2
G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1
Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK
Serine/threonine/tyrosine	Dual-specificity kinase DYRK1A DYRK1B DYRK2 DYRK3 DYRK4
Arginine	Arginine kinase McsB

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2
Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A Wilson/ATP7B
Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA ATP2A1 ATP2A2 ATP2A3 Plasma membrane ATP2B1 ATP2B2 ATP2B3 ATP2B4 SPCA ATP2C1 ATP2C2
Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 ATP1A2 ATP1A3 ATP1A4 ATP1B1 ATP1B2 ATP1B3 ATP1B4
H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A
Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 ATP10A ATP11B ATP12A ATP13A2 ATP13A3

3.6.4

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs G_olf G_αi GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 Transducin GNAT1 GNAT2 Gustducin GNAT3 G_αq/11 GNAQ GNA11 G_α12/13 GNA12 GNA13
3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 CDC42 TC10 TCL RhoUV RhoU RhoV Rac Rac1 2 3 RhoG RhoBTB 1 2 RhoH Rho A B C Rnd 1 2 3 RhoDF RhoF RhoD other: Ras HRAS KRAS NRAS Rab RAB23 RAB27 Arf ARF6 SAR1B ARL13B ARL6 Ran Rheb Rap RGK
3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic IF-2 EF-Tu EF-G Eukaryotic
3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	dynamin superfamily Dynamin Guanylate-binding protein Mitofusin-1 MX1 and MX2 OPA1 Tubulin

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