Ficus hispida

Ficus hispida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: F. subg. Sycomorus
Species:
F. hispida
Binomial name
Ficus hispida
Synonyms[2]
  • Covellia hispida (L.f.) Miq.
  • Gonosuke hispida (L.f.) Raf.
Fruits

Ficus hispida, also known as the opposite leaf Fig, is a small tree in the family Moraceae, with a distribution ranging from India and southern China southwards to northern Australia. It is morphologically gynodioecious, but functionally dioecious.[3] Male trees are hermaphrodites with both staminate flowers that produce pollen and pistillate flowers that produce almost no seeds but can form galls containing pollinator wasp larvae. Female trees have pistillate flowers that do produce seeds but are inhospitable to pollinator wasp larvae.[4]

It occurs in many parts of Asia and as far south east as Australia.[5][6] There is a large variety of local common names. Like a number of ficus, the leaves are sandpapery to touch. An unusual feature is the figs which hang on long stems.

Species associated with Ficus hispida

In Australia the fruit are eaten by cassowaries and double-eyed fig parrots. Phayre's leaf monkey feeds on the leaves as do the larvae of the moth Melanocercops ficuvorella. The fig wasp Apocrypta bakeri has F. hispida as its host, where it parasitizes the pollinator fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi. The yet unnamed nematode species Caenorhabditis sp. 35 has been found in Aceh, Indonesia, associated with the tree. Caterpillars of the moth species Asota caricae have been recorded eating F. hispida. The caterpillars skeletonise the leaves.[7]

References

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  1. ^ Shao, Q.; Zhao, L.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ficus hispida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T147494318A147645751. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147494318A147645751.en.
  2. ^ a b "Ficus hispida L.f." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  3. ^ Dev, Suma A.; Kjellberg, Finn; Hossaert-Mckey, Martine; Borges, Renee M. (2011). "Fine-scale Population Genetic Structure of Two Dioecious Indian Keystone Species, Ficus hispida and Ficus exasperata (Moraceae)". Biotropica. 43 (3): 309–316. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00704.x.
  4. ^ Miao, Bai-Ge; Liu, Ming-Xin; Wang, Bo; Peng, Yan-Qiong; Lesne, Annick; Kjellberg, Finn; Jandér, K．Charlotte (May 2023). "Active pollination in a functionally dioecious Ficus species: An interplay between pollinator behaviour and floral morphology" (PDF). Flora. 302. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2023.152274.
  5. ^ "Ficus hispida". ZipcodeZoo. BayScience Foundation, Inc. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  6. ^ "Biotik.org". Ficus hispida. Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  7. ^ "Asota caricae".
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