Concise Command Language

Concise Command Language (CCL)
DeveloperDigital Equipment Corporation
Operating systemOS/8, TOPS-10, RT-11, RSTS/E
PlatformPDP-6, PDP-8, PDP-10, PDP-11
SuccessorDIGITAL Command Language (DCL)
Available inEnglish
TypeCommand shell

Concise Command Language (CCL) was the term used by Digital Equipment Corporation for the command-line interpreter / user interface supplied on several of their computing systems; its successor was named DIGITAL Command Language (DCL).

CCL provides the user with an extensive set of terminal commands.[1]

The first operating system to include CCL was DEC's TOPS-10.[2]

History

The PDP-6 monitor came with a simple set of commands. To compile and run a FORTRAN program, one would

  1. .R F4  ———  invoke the FORTRAN compiler
  2. user input  ———  specify binary output and source input
  3. .R LOADER 30  ———  invoke the loader, allocate 30K of memory
  4. *DTA1:PROG3  ———  specify binary object to load
  5. *SYS:/S  ———  let the loader find the appropriate subroutine libraries
  6. .SAVE DTA1:PROG3  ———  write the executable to DTA1
(The .(DOT) is a monitor prompt and the *(Star/Asterisk) is an application prompt)

The PDP-10 monitor (later called TOPS-10) had CCL. Key to its improvements over its predecessor were:[2]

  • multi-step commands: .EX PROG3,SUB3A,SUB3B
    • would check to see if any of the 3 needed to be recompiled (and did so if necessary)
    • run the object program loader (including needed subroutine libraries)
    • start running the program
  • advanced command file: .EX @RUNPROG3.CMD
    • would run the command(s) in the .CMD file

Commands

The following table contains a list of CCL commands.[1]

List of CCL commands
CCL command Description
Short form Full form
BAC BACKSPACE Runs CAMP. A magnetic tape or cassette is spaced backward a specified number of files or records.
BO BOOT
CCL CCL Disables the CCL program on the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor residing on the system device.
COMP COMPARE Runs SRCCOM. Compares/shows differences between two source files. Although line by line, permits "catch up."
COM COMPILE Produces binary files and/or compilation listings for specified program files.
COP COPY Transfers files from one I/O device to another.
COR CORE
CREA CREATE Runs EDIT and opens a new file for creation.
CREF CREF
DA DATE
DEA DEASSIGN
DEL DELETE Deletes one or more files from disk or DECtape.
DIR DIRECT
ED EDIT Runs EDIT. Opens an already existing file for editing.
EOF EOF
EXE EXECUTE
HE HELP Prints information on specified OS/8 programs.
LI LIST
LO LOAD
MAK MAKE Runs TECO. Opens the specified file for output.
MAP MAP Runs BITMAP.
MUNG MUNG Runs a TECO Macro; command line parameters give added adaptability.
PAL PAL Runs PAL8. Assembles the source file specified as the argument.
PRI PRINT Runs a program named LPTSPL.
PU PUNCH Runs PIP. Punches the file specified on paper tape.
REN RENAME Renames one or more files on disk or DECtape.
RES RES Runs RESORC.
REW REWIND
SKIP SKIP
SQ SQUISH Runs PIP's "squeeze" / defrag tool[citation needed]
SU SUBMIT Runs the BATCH program.
TE TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, a sophisticated text editor with MACRO capabilities).
TY TYPE
UA UA
UB UB
UC UC
UNL UNLOAD
VER VERSION Prints the version numbers of the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor and CCL.
ZERO ZERO

References

  1. ^ a b "Concise Command Language" (CCL)."OS/8 Handbook" (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. April 1974. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b Peter Clark (July 1982). "DEC TIMESHARING (1965)". The DEC Professional. p. 34.

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