Storer was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1810 to 1812, serving one year as speaker. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Tenth Congress (March 4, 1807 to March 3, 1809). He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jeremiah Mason and served from June 27, 1817, to March 4, 1819; while in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on the Militia (Fifteenth Congress).
From 1818 to 1824, Storer was high sheriff of Rockingham County. He died in Portsmouth in 1830 and was interred in North Cemetery.