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Cladistics (/kləˈdɪstɪks/ klə-DIST-iks; from Ancient Greek κλάδος kládos 'branch') is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized...

In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary...

length and weigh up to 50 kg (110 lb). Taxonomists who adhere to the cladistic approach include Tetrapoda within Sarcopterygii, sometimes under a Linnean...

diverged to have enough distinct character states to be described as cladistic species. Species and higher taxa were seen from Aristotle until the 18th...

Transformed cladistics, also known as pattern cladistics is an epistemological approach to the cladistic method of phylogenetic inference and classification...

ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The...

typified by those of Eichler (1883) and Engler (1886–1892). The advent of cladistic methodology in the 1970s led to classifications based on the sole criterion...

bone tissue, encompassing both the conventional bony fishes and, in a cladistic sense, all tetrapods. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous...

Cladistics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which has published research in cladistics since 1985. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on...

currency during the debates of the 1960s and 1970s accompanying the rise of cladistics, having been coined by zoologist Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa...

Phylogenetic nomenclature (sometimes called cladistic nomenclature) is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions...

In historical linguistics, the tree model (also Stammbaum, genetic, or cladistic model) is a model of the evolution of languages analogous to the concept...

lacking, or groups of uncertain relationship are to be compared, the cladistic method is limited and grades provide a useful tool for comparing organisms...

κλάδος klados "branch" and γραμμα gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show evolutionary relations (common descent) between groups of organisms...

containing modern birds but not enantiornithes), according to all published cladistic analyses. However, the exact position of the species within this group...

Alligator prenasalis is an extinct species of alligator from the Late Eocene period. It is well known, with many fossils having been collected from the...

Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-730-7...

Toxicofera (Latin for "toxin-bearers") is a clade of scaled reptiles (squamates) that includes the Serpentes (snakes), Anguimorpha (monitor lizards, beaded...

Cladistics. Vol. 2. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 7–36. Farris JS (October 2008). "Parsimony and explanatory power". Cladistics....

In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of...

altogether, trying to represent the similarity between organisms instead; cladistics (phylogenetic systematics) tries to reflect phylogeny in its classifications...

evolved in their most recent common ancestor.[excessive citations] In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence...

ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4. Hill, Christopher; Crane, Peter (January 1982). "Evolutionary Cladistics and the origin of Angiosperms". In Joysey, Kenneth Alan; Friday, A.E....

Angelica is a genus of about 90 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern...

but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of...

Panderichthyida) was considered an order of prehistoric lobe-finned fishes, it was cladistically redefined to include tetrapods. A rise in global oxygen content allowed...

Hypsilophodontidae (or Hypsilophodontia) is a traditionally used family of ornithopod dinosaurs, generally considered invalid today. It historically included...

of North America. Although commonly seen as a subgenus of Equus recent cladistic analysis considers it a distinct genus. Two species are recognized by...

related genus Dryandra as separate but closely related. Recent molecular cladistic analyses have provided an alternative view in which Dryandra is shown...

Eusporangiate ferns are vascular spore plants, whose sporangia arise from several epidermal cells and not from a single cell as in leptosporangiate ferns...

birds are not included (although birds are considered reptiles in the cladistic sense). Suborder Cryptodira Family Chelydridae – common snapping turtles...

entomologist Willi Hennig's work in the 1950s, which evolved into modern cladistics. For specimens known only from fossils, the rigorous analysis of characters...

Milinkovitch, Michel; Waddell, Victor; Stanhope, Michael (1999). "Stability of Cladistic Relationships between Cetacea and Higher-Level Artiodactyl Taxa". Systematic...

were once thought to belong to Platanistidae (e.g. Simpson, 1945), but cladistic and DNA studies beginning in the 1990s showed that the former three taxa...

snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodilians, and tuataras). Birds, which are cladistically included within Reptilia, are traditionally excluded here; the separate...

involves both the forelimb and the hindlimb. Analogy is called homoplasy in cladistics, and convergent or parallel evolution in evolutionary biology. Specialised...

skull and bipedal locomotion), cladistic analysis has shown them to be more closely related to crocodiles. An early cladistic analysis of crocodylotarsan...

Phylogenetics; Phylogenesis ≠ Cladistics; Phylogenetics ≠ Cladistics; Taxonomy ≠ Cladistics. Phylogeny Phylogenetics Taxonomy Cladistics Ontogeny Evolution Mayr...

relationship with the Acipenseriformes has been strongly challenged on cladistic grounds. Coccolepididae, a group of small weakly ossified Jurassic and...

archosaur evolution have upended this idea based on phylogenetic analyses and cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy based on clades (nested monophyletic groups...

than to Neuquensaurus australis". Below is a cladogram presenting the cladistic hypothesis of Euhelopodidae proposed by D'Emic. In their 2021 description...

within monkeys as sister of the Cercopithecidae in the Catarrhini, so cladistically they are monkeys as well. However, there has been resistance to directly...

although now out of print. Phenetics has been largely superseded by cladistics for research into evolutionary relationships among species. However, certain...

piersoni. Although originally described as a member of Enaliarctidae, cladistic analyses place Pteronarctos as sister to pinnipeds, in the clade Pinnipediformes...

Phasianidae Subfamily: Phasianinae Tribe: Pavonini Groups included Pavo Afropavo Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Rheinardia Argusianus...

included in a paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and...

classification of extant lycophytes, see Lycopodiopsida § Classification. A major cladistic study of land plants was published in 1997 by Kenrick and Crane. In 2004...

Museum, London Henry Gee, Senior Editor of Nature and author of Deep Time: Cladistics, the Revolution in Evolution 13 April 2000 New Wars Michael Howard, Emeritus...

included Dendrolagus Macropus Osphranter antilopinus Osphranter rufus Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa All other Macropodinae sp....

included Delphinidae Iniidae †Lipotidae Platanistidae Pontoporiidae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Monodontidae Phocoenidae Physeteroidea...

connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera,...

2025-08-30 Cifuentes, Y. & Bertani, R. (2022), "Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the tarantula genera Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871, Psalmopoeus...

a possible tiger ancestor when it was discovered in 1924, but modern cladistics places it as basal to modern Panthera. Panthera zdanskyi lived around...

cetaceans were thought to have descended from the wolf-like mesonychians, but cladistic analyses confirm their placement with even-toed ungulates in the order...

anthracobunids fed on terrestrial vegetation, but lived near water. The same cladistic analyses that prompted their new placement also imply that the semiaquatic...

Fungi, Protista and Monera). Some recent classifications based on modern cladistics have explicitly abandoned the term kingdom, noting that some traditional...

polyphyletic, and are therefore not considered valid taxa under strict cladistic rules of taxonomy. The name of a wastebasket taxon may in some cases be...

ancestry with cladistic methods. Hypotheses such as adaptive radiation from a single ancestral taxon cannot be falsified with cladistics. Cladistics offers a...

eutherian mammals. Their classification is contentious: according to cladistic studies, they may be (distantly) related to Euarchontoglires (rodents...

e. including the mammal-like reptiles) are also forwarded. Some later cladistic work has used Sauropsida more restrictively, to signify the crown group...

Eumycetozoa, which included protostelids, was maintained in the 2005 cladistic classification of eukaryotes, where the name was synonymized with Mycetozoa...

phenotypic cladistic analysis of Nandi et al., it branched with Elaeagnaceae as sister group of Polygalaceae, in their molecular cladistic analysis it...

evolved from within the cockroach lineage, which renders them cockroaches cladistically; the group of termites were subsumed into Blattodea and they are considered...

Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-02-10 Bertani, Rogério (2012). "Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma...

Lophophorus and Meleagris, as well as members of the genus Perdix, are cladistically more closely related to grouse and true pheasants, whereas other genera...

paraphyletic, thus the subfamilies should be reorganized to reflect true cladistic relationships. Collectively, these three groups of butterflies share many...

Adiantum (/ˌædiˈæntəm/), the maidenhair fern (not to be confused with the similar-looking maidenhair spleenwort fern), is a genus of about 250 species...

subtribe Bubalina that lived from the Miocene to the Pleistocene of Africa. Cladistic analyses suggest Ugandax represents an ancestral form of the African buffalo...

closely related to Ardipithecus ramidus than Ardipithecus kadabba. Cladistically, then, Australopithecus (and eventually Homo sapiens) indeed emerged...

Turnicidae (occasionally included) Glareolidae (occasionally included) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Laridae Stercorariidae Alcidae...

morphologist, and systematist, and one of the founders of the use of cladistics in biology. Gauthier is the son of Edward Paul Gauthier and Patricia Marie...

Niger–Congo (called Atlantic–Congo) is widely accepted, the internal cladistic structure is not well established. Other primary branches may include...

therocephalian-like ancestor such as Galechirus. Although his classification pre-dates cladistic terminology, Broom effectively conceived Therocephalia to be inherently...

paenungulates and perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates). However, a 2014 cladistic analysis placed anthracobunids and desmostylians, two major extinct groups...

only members of Sauropsida or even just an under-clade thereof. In a cladistic sense, synapsids are in fact a monophyletic sister taxon of sauropsids...

sacrifice and regrow their tails. Snakes are descended from lizards, so cladistic classification systems often regard "lizard" as a paraphyletic group (a...

Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (1): 1–26. doi:10...

Porolepiformes and Osteolepiformes, a definition that is now obsolete. However, as cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades...

vertebrae. Thus, they were regarded as non-vertebrate craniates. However, the cladistic exclusion of hagfish from the vertebrates is controversial. As they may...

ancestral to crown group amniotes. Although a number of early 21st century cladistic analyses have suggested that Hylonomus is the earliest known reptile,...

Further studies are being conducted, using both molecular and morphological cladistic methodology, to assess the merit of this alternative view of bat evolution...

Permian of South Africa. It was described by Robert Broom in 1912. Some cladistic analyses have recovered it as closely related to dicynodonts. List of...

to sample and perform research on. Neontology's research method uses cladistics to examine morphologies and genetics. Neontology data has more emphasis...

flounders native to the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans. A 2018 cladistic morphological and genetic analysis found that the genus is not monophyletic...

paraphyletic assemblage of stem turtles within Archosauromorpha. In the cladistic analysis of Shcoch and Sues 2015, Sauropterygia was placed within Pantestudines...

1996, but discarded by Alex George in 1999. The name came about after a cladistic analysis of Banksia by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny...

be closer to Allosauroids than to each other, which is undesirable in cladistics. The name Spinosauroidea is sometimes used in place of Megalosauroidea...

obvious advantages this adaptation conferred. One must be wary in applying cladistic methodology to characteristics that are likely to evolve simultaneously...

(2002) does not assign any rank to the taxonomic levels, but uses a purely cladistic system instead. Marsupionta Monotremes ITIS Standard Report Page: Theria...

taxonomic rank of realm. Virus orders are indicated by the suffix -virales. Cladistics Phylogenetics Systematics Taxonomic rank Taxonomy Virus classification...

Vincent S. (2000). Avian louse phylogeny (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera): a cladistic study based on morphology (PhD thesis). University of Glasgow. OCLC 811567404...

vicinity of Antwerp, Belgium. Its type species is Balaena brachyrhynus. A cladistic analysis of Balaenidae places Balaenella as the sister taxon of the bowhead...

Diadocidiidae Ditomyiidae Keroplatidae Bolitophilidae Mycetophilidae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Mosquitoes (gall midges)...

restrict the family Physeteridae to those genera that postdate this split (a cladistic view). They are members of the Odontoceti, the suborder containing all...

Snakes are elongated legless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes. Cladistically squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping...

The temporal muscle covers this area and is used during mastication. Cladistics classifies land vertebrates based on the presence of an upper hole, a...

Canids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) using a "total evidence" approach". Cladistics. 26 (5): 456–481. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00298.x. PMID 34875763...

scientific classification—which especially is used as opposed to the method of cladistic systematics, which groups organisms into clades. Ranked classification...

adenovirus 1 Porcine adenovirus 3 Porcine adenovirus 4 Porcine adenovirus 5 Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa All other mastadenoviruses...

Subfamily: Caninae Groups included Cerdocyon Lycalopex Otocyon Vulpes Urocyon Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa All other canine species...

Chinchillidae Groups included Lagidium Meyen, 1833 Lagostomus Brookes, 1828 Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa †Eoviscaccia Chinchilla Bennett...

dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest cladistic analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and...

in a study published by Maisch & Matzke in 2000. However, more recent cladistic analyses have contested Maisch & Matzke's conclusion. Mollesaurus periallus...

Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications with pre-Heteropteroidea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal...

History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-01-13 Bertani, R. (2012). "Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C.L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma...

position reiterated by Upchurch (1995, 1999), and Upchurch et al. (2004). A cladistic analysis published in 2002 transferred Nemegtosaurus and Opisthocoelicaudia...

species are warm-blooded), birds are considered reptiles in the modern cladistic sense of the term. Their closest living relatives are the crocodilians...

Bot. Club 23: 1-96. Carr, B. L., Crisci, J. V., & Hoch, P. C. (1990). A cladistic analysis of the genus Gaura (Onagraceae). Systematic Botany 15 (3): 454-461...

Suborder: Scolopaci Family: Scolopacidae Groups included Lymnocryptes Gallinago Coenocorypha Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Scolopax...

López-García, Margarita M.; Deloya, Cuauhtémoc (11 November 2022). "Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae):...

crocodilian, a pterosaur, or a dinosaur (any basal archosaur). Because the cladistic paradigm only recognises monophyletic taxa as natural groups, and because...

affinities: a revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera)". Cladistics. 30 (6): 563–589. doi:10.1111/cla.12064. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34794251...

Scythosuchus and Tsylmosuchus are considered to be within the family. An early cladistic analysis of crocodylotarsan (pseudosuchian) archosaurs included Lotosaurus...

integrating morphological and molecular evidence into a new classification". Cladistics. 33 (2): 153–182. doi:10.1111/cla.12164. PMID 34710969. S2CID 88451880...

Further studies are being conducted, using both molecular and morphological cladistic methodology, to assess its merit. The term Yinpterochiroptera is constructed...

systematics, otherwise known as cladistics. In 1945 as a prisoner of war, Hennig began work on his theory of cladistics, which he published in German in...

California. Although often classified as a member of Eurhinodelphinidae, the cladistic analysis of Chilcacetus recovers it outside Eurhinodelphinidae, less advanced...

passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most...

September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017. Mayr, Ernst (1974). "Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification?". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary...

doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-06. Bertani, R. (2001). "Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus; with...

bark-feeding niche while switching to and diversifying on conifers". Cladistics. 32 (5): 555–572. doi:10.1111/cla.12141. PMID 34740301. S2CID 86517289...

Clethrionomyini Phenacomyini – tree and heather voles Pliomyini Prometheomyini Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Dicrostonychini - collared...

nautiloids in that broad sense, sometimes called Nautiloidea sensu lato. Cladistically speaking, nautiloids are a paraphyletic assemblage united by shared...

Menthinae from throughout the world were included in it. In the modern cladistic era of botany, Satureja was redefined to a narrower monophyletic genus...

likely to be most closely related to the Archaeomartidae, based on a 2014 cladistic analysis, within the clade (Palaeocharinus (Archaeomartidae + Anthracomartidae))...

adapoids to be anthropoids." Paleontologists have expressed concern that the cladistic analysis compared only 30 traits when standard practice is to analyze...

"Female terminalia morphology and cladistic relations among Tok-Tok beetles (Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)". Cladistics. 38 (6): 623–648. doi:10.1111/cla...

Andrew B. (May 2007). "Ammonoids Across the Permian/Triassic Boundary: A Cladistic Perspective". Palaeontology. 50 (3): 573–590. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..573M...

Giganotosaurus. Bonaparte was a traditionalist and did not use modern cladistic methods, which apply the principle of parsimony to a vast array of synapomorphies...

gasteroid or gasteromycetes, to avoid taxonomic implications) but not valid cladistic terms. True puffballs do not have a visible stalk or stem, while stalked...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

2017-03-15 Fukushima, C.S. & Bertani, R. (2017), "Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)...

Caryophyllineae because they have anthocyanins, and not betalain pigments. However, cladistic analyses indicate Caryophyllaceae evolved from ancestors that contained...

The Skhul and Qafzeh hominins or Qafzeh–Skhul early modern humans are hominin fossils discovered in Es-Skhul and Qafzeh caves in Israel. They are today[when...

modern systematists are advocates of phylogenetic nomenclature; they use cladistic methods that require taxa to be monophyletic (i.e., show all the descendants...

of the sabertoothed felids ( Carnivora: Felidae: Machairodontinae)". Cladistics. 29 (5): 543–559. doi:10.1111/cla.12008. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34814379...

Database. "Pelocetidae". Retrieved 21 August 2011. M. E. Steeman (2007). "Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes"...

Telluraves Groups included Strigiformes Accipitriformes Falconiformes Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Coraciimorphae Psittacopasserae...

Saurischia and Ornithischia. The term was revived in 2017 after a new cladistic analysis by Baron et al. Thomas Henry Huxley originally defined the term...

annelids, and all of the descendants of that common ancestor". It is a cladistic definition (a node-based name), so the affiliation to Lophotrochozoa of...

Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)". Zoological...

Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)". Zoological...

and directed by Cifelli. Aquilops was placed in the Neoceratopsia. A cladistic analysis showed that it was positioned rather basal, below Leptoceratops...

It was discarded by Alex George in 1999. The name came about after a cladistic analysis of Banksia by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny...

a separate species based on cladistic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and morphology. In 2014 cladistic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial...

All genetic studies have supported the hypothesis that turtles are cladistically diapsid reptiles despite being morphologically anapsid, most placing...

synonymized with Hyperodapedon (as the species Hyperodapedon mariensis), some cladistic analyses have called this synonymy into question. The type species of...

†Trispinachidae Nazarkin, 2002 As traditionally defined before the introduction of cladistics, the Perciformes are almost certainly paraphyletic. These are grouped...

affinities: A revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera)". Cladistics. 30 (6): 563–589. doi:10.1111/cla.12064. PMID 34794251. S2CID 84696495...

2005). "Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects". Cladistics. 21 (3): 240–257. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00062.x. ISSN 0748-3007...

practice. Systematics, the study of the diversity of living organisms Cladistics, the classification of organisms by their order of branching in an evolutionary...

Ochrophyta. These differences became irrelevant after the adoption of a cladistic approach by the ISP, where taxonomic ranks are excluded from the classifications...

Hercynian Forest and the Northeastern German plain. Maurer asserted that the cladistic tree model, which was used ubiquitously in linguistics in the 19th and...

autapomorphies, and is most similar to Peloneustes philarchus. Nevertheless, a cladistic analysis found it to be basal to Peloneustes and other pliosaurids. An...

of England. Although previously synonymized with Steneosaurus, recent cladistic analysis considers it distantly related to the Steneosaurus type species...

of fungi belonging in what is classically known as the Phallales or cladistically as the gomphoid-phalloid clade. In 2008, the family had 13 genera and...

record of camel-like mammals has not yet been thoroughly examined from a cladistic standpoint. Tylopoda is a distinctive lineage among the artiodactyls,...

but its placement as related to the group has been supported by some cladistic analyses. Vislobokova, I. A. (October 2008). "The oldest representative...

Michelia figo by German botanist Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel. In 2006, a cladistic analysis of the genus Michelia found them to lie within the genus Magnolia...

(/rɛpˈtɪliə/ rep-TIL-ee-ə), which corresponds to common usage. Modern cladistic taxonomy regards that group as paraphyletic, since genetic and paleontological...

amphibian systematics placed Dicamptodon back within Ambystomatidae based on cladistic analysis. This has been accepted by the Center for Indian Herpetology...

and its usage as a taxonomic category has been rejected under modern cladistic systems. The name Archosauriformes is intended as a monophyletic replacement...

Costa Rica. Marcel G. Hermes; Gabriel A.R. Melo (2008). "Revision and cladistic analysis of the eumenine wasp genus Pseudodynerus de Saussure (Hymenoptera...

corresponding to the non-saurian Neodiapsida) and modern reptiles. Many cladistic studies have interpreted members of the Millerosauria as an early-diverging...

decision was influenced by the fact that because Bambiraptor within a cladistic analysis was a member of a group, Paraves, that contained feathered true...

specimen-level phylogenetic analysis, as well as a species-level analysis. Their cladistic analysis is shown below. Dinosaurs portal John A. Whitlock (6 April 2011)...

sometimes has been included in the Pyraloidea, but this is not supported by cladistic analysis.[citation needed] Most species live in the tropics and subtropics...

(Andromedeae, Ericaceae) and the use of species as terminals in higher-level cladistic analyses". Systematic Botany. 22 (3): 479–492. doi:10.2307/2419822. JSTOR 2419822...

Oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and Hirudinea (leech-like species). Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches...

manatee from the Middle Miocene (Laventan) Honda Group of Colombia. A 2014 cladistic analysis of extinct sirenians recovers Potamosiren as a close relative...

until Gauthier, who redefined Carnosauria and Coelurosauria based on new cladistic analyses but retained the terms. Gauthier defined Coelurosauria as a taxon...

of the earliest-diverging lineages of the early land plant ancestors; cladistic analysis implies that the group originated prior to the Devonian, around...

group of animals on a variable character state and carried out the first cladistic analysis of fossil and living arachnids. They showed that trigonotarbids...

Prototherium have been assigned to Halitheriinae in the past, but recent cladistic analysis recovers these genera as basal to the clade formed by Trichechidae...

branch of Williston Lake. Hudsonelpidia has a very stable position in many cladistic analyses. The family Hudsonelpidiidae was named by McGowan and Motani...

nauta, and Simalia tracyae – based on cladistic analysis of cytochrome b sequences and morphology. In 2014 cladistic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial...

Aves and Mammalia. This has caused some confusion in the literature. The cladistic idea of strictly using the topology of the phylogenetic tree to define...

as far north and east as China and Japan. This genus is considered cladistically the most basal member of the Ericaceae, that is, the descendant of the...

Haeckel, were introduced in the early nineteenth century. Biology portal Cladistics List of animal classes Phylogenetics Systematics Taxonomy When the term...

2017-03-13 Fukushima, C.S. & Bertani, R. (2017), "Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)...

Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 143: 1–26. doi:10...

Enterovirus Groups included Rhinovirus A Rhinovirus B Rhinovirus C Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Enterovirus A Enterovirus B...

juvenile nature of the holotype might influence its cladistic position within Chaeomysticeti. Later cladistic analyses corroborated the placement of Horopeta...

is unknown. It might have been a basal nodosaurid, although a recent cladistic analysis recovers it as a basal ankylosaurid. Hylaeosaurus was about five...

catarrhines, which are a sister group of New World Monkeys. Therefore, cladistically, apes, catarrhines and related contemporary extinct groups such as Parapithecidae...

starfish, crayfish and jellyfish. In the strict sense, all vertebrates are cladistically fish, although colloquially "fish" is a paraphyletic term that only...

evolution. There is some dispute as to whether this smaller Euungulata is a cladistic (evolution-based) group, or merely a phenetic group (form taxon) or folk...

(December 1988). "Phylogenetic Systematics and the Species Problem". Cladistics. 4 (4): 317–338. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00518.x. PMID 34949064...

Whippomorpha (hippos and cetaceans, which belong to Artiodactyla from a cladistic, if not traditional, standpoint). The Tylopoda have more or less affinity...

Archosauromorpha was seldom used until many years after its creation. The advent of cladistics helped to sort out at least some of the relationships within Reptilia...

Argentina. The genus contains a single species, Elemgasem nubilus. The cladistic position of Elemgasem within Brachyrostra is uncertain, given that phylogenetic...

Virginia; Arias, J. Salvador; García-López, Daniel; Ortiz, Pablo (2012). "Cladistic Analysis of Iguania and a Fossil Lizard from the Late Pliocene of Northwestern...

(2020). Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study (Thesis). University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies...

johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids". Zoological Journal of...

Bruce (2026-03-11). "Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches". Scientific Reports. 16 (1) 13171. Bibcode:2026NatSR..1613171D...

Parabasalia Groups included Tritrichomonadea Hypotrichomonadea Trichomonadea Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Trichonymphea Spirotrichonymphea...

broadly classified as reptiles, which traditionally exclude birds, the cladistic sense of the term includes all living and extinct relatives of birds and...

Grimaldi and Engel, reviewing the phylogeny in 2005, commented that many cladistic studies had been made with no stability in Ephemeroptera suborders and...

Hymenoptera", Sharkey M.J., Carpenter J.M., Vilhelmsen L., et al. 2012. Cladistics 28(1): 80-112. Ross H. Arnett (30 July 2000). American Insects: A Handbook...

BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-23. Stonedahl, Gary M. (1990). "Revision and cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genus Atractotomus Fieber (Heteroptera, Miridae...

(2002). "Cladistic analysis of a problematic ammonite group: the Hamitidae (Cretaceous, Albian - Turonian) and proposals for new cladistic terms" (PDF)...

has traditionally been classified among the Metzgeriales, but molecular cladistics suggests a placement at the base of the Marchantiopsida. Blasiales Stotler...

Pentatomomorpha, they were most often placed in the Lygaeoidea based on cladistic analysis, with their relatives variously presumed to be the Berytidae...

Antirrhinum barrelieri is a species of perennial flowering plant in the genus Antirrhinum (common snapdragons) in the family Plantaginaceae. Native to...

morphology and cladistic relations among Tok-Tok beetles (Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini). Cladistics, Female terminalia morphology and cladistic relations among...

used to differentiate between various theropods and to further inform cladistic phylogeny. Tooth morphology and dental evolutionary markers are prone...

speed and extent of the destruction which may ensue. Montreuil, O. (2000) Cladistic systematics of the genus Amphimallon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)...

presented here. As comparatively few polychaete taxa have been subject to cladistic analysis, some groups which are usually considered invalid today may eventually...

included certain extant populations. For this reason, a lineage-based (cladistic) definition of H. sapiens has been suggested, in which H. sapiens would...

Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications with pre-Heteropteroidea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal...

Pteriidae – winged, tree and pearl oysters Spondylidae – spiny oysters Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa All other members of Pteriomorphia...

Ornithomimidae and Ornithomimosauria varied from author to author as cladistic definitions began to appear for the groups in the 1990s and 2000s. The...

cladists that Occam's razor is applied, through the method of cladistic parsimony. Cladistic parsimony (or maximum parsimony) is a method of phylogenetic...

on December 11, 2008. Murdy, E. O. (1989). "A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)". Records of...

this genus have historically been placed in Oryzomys, but according to cladistic research, the genus is more closely related to a group containing, among...

taxon Living fossil Pseudoextinction Mass extinction Evolution Evolution Cladistics Convergent evolution Natural selection Phyletic gradualism Punctuated...

of vascular plants Mishler, Brent D.; Churchill, Steven P. (1984). "A Cladistic Approach to the Phylogeny of the "Bryophytes"". Brittonia. 36 (4): 406–24...

which was introduced to the Falkland Islands in modern times. A 2009 cladistic analysis of DNA identified the Falkland Islands wolf's closest living...

The holotype, MSM P4166, was discovered in the Moreno Hill Formation. A cladistic analysis indicates that Jeyawati was more plesiomorphic (ancestral) than...

taxon Living fossil Pseudoextinction Mass extinction Evolution Evolution Cladistics Convergent evolution Natural selection Phyletic gradualism Punctuated...

Gray, 1866 (pygmy marmosets) Mico Lesson, 1840 (Amazonian marmosets) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Leontopithecus Lesson, 1840...

"Multilocus ribosomal RNA phylogeny of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae)". Cladistics. 24 (1): 34–50. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00167.x. Löbl, Ivan; Smetana...

family within the Boletales. Subsequent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicated, however, that Omphalotus belonged...

leafroll-associated virus 7 Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13 Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Other viruses in Closteroviridae...

revision of Goniosomatinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with a cladistic analysis and biogeographical notes". Invertebrate Systematics. 23 (6):...

Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci Placodermi, Arthrodira)". Zoological Journal...

class of liverworts comprising fifteen species in three genera. Recent cladistic analyses of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid gene sequences place this...

dinosaurian groups has stood the test of time, and has been supported by modern cladistic analysis of relationships among dinosaurs. A node-base clade, Eusaurischia...

placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters...

traditional Malvaceae sensu stricto comprise a very homogeneous and cladistically monophyletic group. Another major circumscription, Malvaceae sensu lato...

2005). "Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects". Cladistics. 21 (3): 240–257. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00062.x. Lo, Nathan; Tokuda...

for releasing spores similar to those of the zosterophylls. A second cladistic analysis was carried out using only the three best preserved and thus...

Peter R. (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-730-8...

palaeontologist, known for his research on the palaeontology of echinoderms. His cladistic classification of the phylum Echinodermata has become standard. Growing...

established under classical Linnaean taxonomy, it is also recognised by the cladistics-based APG and APG II systems. It is placed in the order Proteales, whose...

Appalachiosaurus was complete enough to be included in phylogenetic analyses using cladistics. The first was performed before the animal had even been named and found...

article: doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2006000600012. Durante, S.; Cabrera, N. 2009: Cladistic analysis of Megachile (Chrysosarus) Mitchell and revalidation of Megachile...

alphapsittaciforme Orthobornavirus betapsittaciforme Orthobornavirus avisaquaticae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Other orthobornaviruses...

Garden Book, 1995:606–607 Schnabel, Andrew; Wendel, Jonathan F. (1998). "Cladistic biogeography of Gleditsia (Leguminosae) based on ndhF and rpl16 chloroplast...

raptorial legs - an insect example (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae)". Cladistics. 27 (2): 138–149. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00325.x. PMID 34875772...

"Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups". Cladistics. 25 (3): 211–230. Bibcode:2009Cladi..25..211G. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031...

superfamily Piesmatoidea with the discovery of Cretopiesma. However a cladistic analysis rejected Cretopiesma from Piesmatidae and placed the genus in...

sequences of early mammalian radiations following the K/T extinction event. Cladistic analyses suggest that the closest relatives of the proboscid lineage are...

branch to have been in the mid-Cretaceous period, around 85 mya. By modern cladistic reckoning, the order Primates is monophyletic. The suborder Strepsirrhini...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa †Bathyergoididae Bathyergidae...

Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling". Cladistics. 33 (6): 574–616. doi:10.1111/cla.12182. PMID 34724759. S2CID 35535038...

and Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), contain all the other taxa. A cladistic study of the morphology of waterfowl found that the magpie goose was an...

comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling". Cladistics. 20 (6): 558–578. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00041.x. ISSN 0748-3007...

fewer teeth, but did not attempt to place it on a cladogram. In 2010, a cladistic analysis showed it as a close relative of Byronosaurus and Xixiasaurus...

ISSN 2075-1729. PMC 11432848. PMID 39337880. Marques and Allen (2004). "Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution". Invertebrate Biology....

closely related to living archosaurs than lepidosaurs, and therefore cladistically diapsids. Pareiasaurs are currently generally considered to be an earlier...

Primates Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Tarsiiformes Gregory, 1915 Families See text Synonyms †Omomyiformes (cladistically including the Tarsiidae)...

doi:10.1111/syen.12433. S2CID 218787287. Jacobson NL, Weller SJ (2002) A cladistic study of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) by using characters of immatures...

geological and morphobiological data. It follows many of the same rules as cladistics, using Bayesian logic to quantify how good a phylogenetic hypothesis is...

Bruce (2026-03-11). "Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches". Scientific Reports. 16 (1) 13171. Bibcode:2026NatSR..1613171D...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

its more distant position recovered cladistically) to Placerias before culminating in Lisowicia. Unlike the cladistic tree above, he proposed that most...

Hymenoptera", Sharkey M.J., Carpenter J.M., Vilhelmsen L., et al. 2012. Cladistics 28(1): 80-112. NCBI Taxonomy Browser, Chlorion aerarium Ross H. Arnett...

currently two genera in this family: Janjucetus and Mammalodon. After a new cladistic analysis by Fitzgerald (2010), Janjucetus was transferred into Mammalodontidae...

suborder encompassing Tayassuidae (peccaries) and Suidae (pigs). Early cladistic phylogenetic analyses of artiodactyls placed Entelodontidae as the sister...

simple total replacement and genetic drift. Hawks has also discussed the cladistic classification of the Hominidae and has criticized the proliferation of...

affinity. Kootenichela appears to be the sister taxon of Worthenella, from cladistic analysis. The species name deppi comes from the actor Johnny Depp, after...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

estimates for major cephalopod groups: evidence from multiple genes". Cladistics. 22 (1): 89–96. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00086.x. PMID 34892892. S2CID 84743000...

taxon Living fossil Pseudoextinction Mass extinction Evolution Evolution Cladistics Convergent evolution Natural selection Phyletic gradualism Punctuated...

The Stem Tetrapoda are a cladistically defined group, consisting of all animals more closely related to extant four-legged vertebrates than to their closest...

"The phylogeny and evolution of Cretaceous–Palaeogene metatherians: cladistic analysis and description of new early Palaeocene specimens from the Nacimiento...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

Chen in this case, priority is given to the name Cassidinae. In a 2017 cladistic analysis of Cassidini based on morphological characters, Cassidini was...

protists, making it a paraphyletic group rather than a true clade. Modern cladistic approaches to eukaryotic classification prioritise monophyletic groupings...

"Systematic Foliar Morphology of Phyllanthoideae (Euphorbiaceae). III. Cladistic Analysis". Systematic Botany. 11 (4): 515–530. Bibcode:1986SysBo..11....

Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), a multilocus phylogenetic approach". Cladistics. 26 (4): 359–387. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00291.x. ISSN 0748-3007...

synonym of the European Exidia recisa until molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, showed that the American species is distinct...

Sequoioideae, commonly referred to as redwoods, is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae, that range in the northern hemisphere...

inside and outside the newly branched clade. With the establishment of cladistics in the 1990s, relationships commonly came to be expressed in cladograms...

Scarabaeiformia Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea Groups included Geotrupidae Scarabaeinae Aphodiinae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Termitoderini...

quantitative cladistic techniques to the Burgess Shale fossils, about the methods to be used in interpreting these fossils. Around this time cladistics rapidly...

shelly fauna Helcionellids Evolutionary concepts Trends Cambrian substrate revolution Themes Cladistics Convergent evolution Stem and crown groups v t e...

dromaeosaurids in Archaeopterygidae for these reasons, though the eventual cladistic definition of Archaeopterygidae explicitly excluded them. The family Anchiornithidae...

of jelly fungi. These taxa are founded on molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, and supersede earlier morphology-based classifications...

fit on the evolutionary tree. The actual content of Batrachomorpha as cladistically defined is therefore uncertain, and in some phylogenies the clade is...

of the new world Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal". Cladistics. 28 (5): 437–459. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x. PMID 34836446...

Web Project Encyclopedia of Life Glasby, C.J. 1993. Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebr. Taxon...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

amniotes and those amphibians very closely related to them. In current cladistic schemes, Batrachosauria is the sister clade to the Anthracosauroidea....

Willis John & Platnick, Norman I. (1976). "The suborders of spiders: A cladistic analysis (Arachnida, Araneae)". American Museum Novitates (2607). hdl:2246/5468...

the genus Artemisia, spurred by recent trends in molecular assay and cladistics,[citation needed] that has resulted in the decline in use (among academics)...

Peter R. (1997), The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study, Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 339–340,...

"Evolutionary trends and patterns in centipede segment number based on a cladistic analysis of Mecistocephalidae (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)". Systematic...

virus 2) Human rubulavirus 4 (formerly Human parainfluenza virus 4) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Aquaparamyxovirus Avulavirus...

(11 March 2026). "Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches". Scientific Reports. 16 (1) 13171. Bibcode:2026NatSR..1613171D...

doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-08. Bertani, R. (2001). "Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus; with...

Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published an arrangement informed by a cladistic analysis of morphological characteristics. Their arrangement maintained...

therefore classified it as an indeterminate member of the Cerapoda. A cladistic analysis performed by Butler et al. (2011) showed that Micropachycephalosaurus...

president of the Willi Hennig Society and as editor-in-chief of its journal Cladistics. He served at the University of Michigan from 1965 until his retirement...

Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Protura (coneheads) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Insecta (insects)...

excluding the dwarf caiman genus Paleosuchus. In 1999, Brochu formally cladistically defined Jacarea as the last common ancestor of Caiman latirosris (Broad-snouted...

Wiley Online Library. Andrews, Peter; Martin, Lawrence (January 1987). "Cladistic relationships of extant and fossil hominoids". Journal of Human Evolution...

as there is insufficient fossil material to be assessed by wide-scale cladistic analysis. It is not certain that Charadriiformes was already distinct...

Cetiosaurinae; in 1992 Dong assigned it to Shunosaurinae within the Cetiosauridae. Cladistic analyses have rendered conflicting results. In 1995 Paul Upchurch published...

odontocete families to warrant its own family, Mirocetidae. However, a cladistic analysis of Olympicetus by Velez-Juarbe recovers Mirocetus as a member...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

Podoces Perisoreus Aphelocoma Gymnorhinus Cyanocitta Cyanocorax Cyanolyca Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Cissa Coloeus Corvus Crypsirina...

(Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data". Cladistics. 28 (1): 4–20. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x....

(Therapsida, Cynodontia) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa, and the cladistic relationships of eutheriodonts". Palaeontology. 53 (3): 591–618. Bibcode:2007Palgy...

the three major clades of Eubrachythoraci). Dunkleosteidae was thus cladistically defined as including the type genus Dunkleosteus and all other genera...

22781. PMC 6193417. PMID 30344435. Huber, B. A. (2011). "Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)". Bonner...

(2005). "Classification of basal Cucujoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga): cladistic analysis, keys and review of new families". Invertebrate Systematics....

Carboniferous conspicuously lacking in tetrapod remains. Currently, using modern cladistic taxonomy, Whatcheeriidae is not placed in Amphibia or any other class...

in family Centropomidae, was raised to family status in 2004 after a cladistic analysis showed the original Centropomidae were paraphyletic. The Latidae...

general affinities between the groups. In the last few years, two new cladistic taxonomies of the gastropods have been published (in 1997 and 2005). This...

2003 as a subfamily of Crocodylidae separate from Crocodylinae, and is cladistically defined as Osteolaemus tetraspis (the Dwarf crocodile) and all crocodylians...

described by the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles in 1797. A cladistic analysis of the genus Metrosideros was conducted in 2021 by Austral Ecology...

Paranthropus and Homo emerging within Australopithecus (shown here cladistically granting Paranthropus, Kenyanthropus, and Homo).[excessive citations]...

circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics, 24(5), 642-676. Warren, Andrew D. The higher classification of the Hesperiidae...

shelly fauna Helcionellids Evolutionary concepts Trends Cambrian substrate revolution Themes Cladistics Convergent evolution Stem and crown groups v t e...

phylogeny and taxonomy of butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae). Cladistics the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society., 19(4), 287–306...

in popular and basic scientific works. It has come under critique from cladistics, as the class Reptilia is paraphyletic—it has given rise to two other...

Chiara (2022-03-16). "The Burgundian language and its phylogeny: A cladistical investigation". NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution. 75...

Varanoidea. The debate was reignited with the publication of a 1997 cladistical study by Michael S. Y. Lee, which recovered the Mosasauroidea as a sister...

classification (GRIN) of the genus consists of eleven sections, shown by cladistic relationships with number of species in parentheses. Coreopsis sect. Pseudoagarista...

flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides)". Cladistics. 25 (5): 429–467. Bibcode:2009Cladi..25..429T. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031...

a ventrally deflected posterior region of the mandibular rami. A 2018 cladistic analysis found Zosuchus, along with Sichuanosuchus, Shantungosuchus, and...

doi:10.15560/12.2.1852. ISSN 1809-127X. Jacobson NL & Weller SJ (2002) A cladistic study of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) by using characters of immatures...

pachycephalosaurs. Sues and Galton concluded Stenopelix to be ceratopian. However,cladistic analyses by Paul Sereno have resulted in a position in the Pachycephalosauria...

Austrodyptornithes Order: Procellariiformes Groups included Hydrobatidae Oceanitidae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Diomedeidae Procellariidae...

been shown to be good monophyletic groups at least overall. According to cladistic analysis of several DNA sequences, to make the Ornithomyinae monophyletic...

civilian, civility, civilization clad- branch Greek κλάδος (kládos) clade, cladistics, cladogenesis, cladogram, heterocladic clam- cry out Latin clamare acclaim...

(domestic yak) †Bos baikalensis Subgenus Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 (cladistically included, traditionally treated as a separate genus) Bos bison (American...

Retrieved 2007-07-10. Marques, Antonio C.; Allen G. Collins (March 2004). "Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution". Invertebrate Biology....

2025-08-30. Cifuentes, Y. & Bertani, R. (2022). "Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the tarantula genera Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871, Psalmopoeus...

changed with recent development in DNA analysis and the influence of the cladistic paradigm - and have demanded new classifications. Smith's example of France...

means that the Pyrotheria could be members of no less than three major cladistic branches of placental mammals: Meridiungulata (if xenungulates are the...

Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling", Cladistics, 33 (6): 574–616, doi:10.1111/cla.12182 Hedin, Marshal; Derkarabetian...

Peter R. (1997a). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-730-7...

Corvoidea Family: Corvidae Groups included Cissinae Cyanopica Pica Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Cyanocoracinae Perisoreus Garrulus...

necks and may include Brachauchenius and Kronosaurus. However, modern cladistic analyses found that this group is actually a subfamily of pliosaurids...

"classic" definition of archosaur utilized prior to the widespread use of cladistics is now roughly equivalent to the clade Archosauriformes. Archosaurus is...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

based on Spanish findings of an early member of the Rhabdodontidae. A cladistic analysis was conducted in which it was found that Muttaburrasaurus was...

Chandler, Donald S. (1982). "A Revision of North American Notoxus with a Cladistic Analysis of the New World Species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae)". Entomography...

generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. Taxon 54 (2): 389–410. Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog...

genus, Psednocnemis, from west Malaysia (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with cladistic analysis and biogeography of Selenocosmiinae Simon 1889". Zootaxa. 3299:...

brooding. Norell's theoretical work has a focus of data evaluation in large cladistic sets, as well as fossil pattern estimation through phylogeny, in order...

S2CID 4456556. Bergsten, J. (2005). "A review of long-branch attraction". Cladistics. 21 (2): 163–193. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00059.x. Brandt, J. F....

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

the "neck" and predatory behaviours of the superfamily Palpimanoidea". Cladistics. 28 (6): 598–626. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00411.x. PMID 34856731...

particular context, such as "Nonmonophyletic groups are ... nonnatural (sensu cladistics) in that ..." or "... computation of a cladogram (sensu phenetics) .....

Palaeognathae (/ˌpæliˈɒɡnəθi/; from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós) 'old' and γνάθος (gnáthos) 'jaw') is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or...

"genetically and morphologically distinct from all other hornwort lineages." Cladistic analysis of genetic data supports a position at the base of the hornwort...

definition of Antracosauria in his Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, 1970. With cladistics things have changed again. Gauthier, Kluge and Rowe (1988) defined Anthracosauria...

2307/2666695. JSTOR 2666695. S2CID 28581817. Bremer, Kåre. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics & Classification. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-275-7. Robinson...

Rhynchortyx Dactylortyx Odontophorus Ophrysia Perdicula Coturnix Synoicus Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Numididae Ptilopachus Dendrortyx...

ISBN 0-12-680150-9. OCLC 5008038. Strasser, Elizabeth; Delson, Eric (1987). "Cladistic analysis of cercopithecid relationships". Journal of Human Evolution....

ISSN 1791-6763. von Lieven, Alexander Fürst; Humar, Marcel (2008). "A Cladistic Analysis of Aristotle's Animal Groups in the "Historia animalium"". History...

considered a separate genus within the family Ambystomatidae. However, cladistic analysis of the mole salamanders found the existence of Rhyacosiredon...

"Unexpected diversity of Hyboserica chafers in South African forest remnants: cladistic analysis, new species and the new genus Leoserica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:...

description and interpretation. Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates, however, that Japanese and Korean...

iNaturalist. Retrieved 31 August 2025. Huber, B. A. (2011). "Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae)". Bonner...

their genome is insufficient for comprehensive analysis. Resolving the cladistic issues will require combination of all these approaches, with at least...

split" by Liliana Katinas. Sida 21:941–942. Bremer K. 1994: Asteraceae: cladistics and classification. Timber Press: Portland, Oregon. Wikimedia Commons...

Chandler, Donald S. (1982). "A Revision of North American Notoxus with a Cladistic Analysis of the New World Species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae)". Entomography...

length of 137 and a width of 115 millimetres. It is hollow and conical. A cladistic analysis found that Tatankacephalus was a basal member of the Ankylosauridae...

although this attribution was challenged by several other authors. A 2016 cladistic study found Phenacolophus as a stem-perissodactyl and the embrithopods...

Homo heidelbergensis (/ˌhoʊmoʊˌhaɪdəlbɜːrɡˈɛnsɪs/) is a species of archaic human from the Middle Pleistocene of Europe and Africa, as well as potentially...

once thought united in the group "Enaliosauria", a classification now cladistically obsolete), mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs...

the saltasaurid Neuquensaurus and Trigonosaurus, which is used in many cladistic and morphologic analyses of titanosaurians. An analysis published in 2016...

relationships of the charismatic poster frogs, Phyllomedusinae (Anura, Hylidae)". Cladistics. 26 (3): 227–261. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00287.x. ISSN 1096-0031...

catarrhines, which are a sister group of New World monkeys. Therefore, cladistically, apes, catarrhines and related contemporary extinct groups, such as...

and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, cladistic thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations...

other tetrapod families. While an amphibian in the broad sense, under cladistic taxonomy, Pederpes is not a member of the crown group amphibian in the...

Helcionellids Evolutionary concepts Cambrian explosion Trends Cambrian substrate revolution Themes Cladistics Convergent evolution Stem and crown groups v t e...

However, they didn't perform any cladistic analyses to confirm these claims. Fischer et al. (2011) performed a cladistic analysis that found Chacaicosaurus...

Ruminantia is a crown group of ruminants within the order Artiodactyla, cladistically defined by Spaulding et al. as "the least inclusive clade that includes...

Retrieved on 22 May 2012. Botero, Juan Pablo; Monné, Marcela L. (2018). "Cladistic analysis of the tribe Eburiini Blanchard 1945 and revalidation of the...

"Unexpected diversity of Hyboserica chafers in South African forest remnants: cladistic analysis, new species and the new genus Leoserica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:...

ISBN 0-03-056747-5. Jun-ye, Ma; Buttler, Caroline J.; Taylor, Paul D. (2014). "Cladistic analysis of the 'trepostome' Suborder Esthonioporina and the systematics...

systematists managing and publishing in the peer-reviewed journal titled Cladistics. The society is named after Willi Hennig, a German systematic entomologist...

believed to belong to an oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur. An initial cladistic analysis by Naish et al. found Samrukia nessovi instead to be a basal...

clade. Therefore, its phylogenetic position was initially tested in a cladistic matrix used to widely explore coelurosaurian interrelationships. This...

1996, but discarded by Alex George in 1999. The name came about after a cladistic analysis of Banksia by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny...

ISSN 2410-4418. Huttenlocker, A. (2009). "An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)"...

Peter R. (1997a). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-730-7...

spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea)" (PDF). Cladistics. 33 (3): 221–250. doi:10.1111/cla.12165. PMID 34715728. S2CID 34962403...

Antirrhinum controversum is a species of perennial flowering plant in the genus Antirrhinum (common snapdragons) in the family Plantaginaceae. Native to...

during the Devonian. However, the term is no longer in use, as modern cladistical methods have produced alternative phylogenetic trees of Brachythoraci...

Three-taxon analysis (or TTS, three-item analysis, 3ia) is a cladistic based method of phylogenetic reconstruction. Introduced by Nelson and Platnick...

serious need of revision, but even with modern DNA sequence analyses and cladistic methods, the phylogeny of the Phasianidae has resisted complete resolution...

on Shear, 2011, and Shear & Edgecombe, 2010 (extinct groups). Recent cladistic and molecular studies have challenged the traditional classification schemes...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

Yates used a slightly modified character set from Yates (2014) in their cladistic analysis. The results found Thylacinus yorkellus to be the sister taxon...

unusually long for an ankylosaur, being nearly as long as the hindlimbs. Cladistic analysis on the taxon indicates that it is a derived member of the Nodosauridae...

genetics. The study of cultural change increasingly takes place through cladistics and genetic models. Evolutionary biology portal Psychology portal Anthropology –...

Cuvier, 1798 Classes and other subgroups Bdelloidea Monogononta Seisonidae Acanthocephala (cladistically included) †Juracanthocephalus and See text....

Choerolophodon. Although usually classified as part of Gomphotheriidae, cladistic analysis recovers choerolophodont gomphotheres as basal to trilophodont...

It is now well accepted that hexapods (insects and entognathans) are cladistically crustaceans, with the two groups now combined in the monophyletic clade...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

three clades due to their distant common ancestry. Apomorphy Autapomorphy Cladistics Synapomorphy For a dissenting view, see "About nothing" by Brower and...

Loogväli, Eva-Liis (November 1, 2004). "Disuniting Uniformity: A Pied Cladistic Canvas of mtDNA Haplogroup H in Eurasia". Molecular Biology and Evolution...

8 February 2014. Williams, D. M.; Knapp, Sandra, eds. (2010). Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26772-5...

taxon Living fossil Pseudoextinction Mass extinction Evolution Evolution Cladistics Convergent evolution Natural selection Phyletic gradualism Punctuated...

"dinosaur renaissance" in the 1960s and beyond. In the 1980s, the advent of cladistics saw a paradigm shift in the field of taxonomy, emphasizing monophyletic...

S2CID 91174059. Wagner, Rüdiger; Stuckenberg, Brian (2016-03-16). "Cladistic analysis of Subfamily Bruchomyiinae (Diptera: Psychodidae)". Zootaxa....

debate, with several alternative systems proposed. Antelope are not a cladistic or taxonomically defined group. The term is used to describe all members...

Novacek MJ (March 1992). "The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistic and paleontologic evidence for vertebrate history". Science. 255 (5052):...

Faridah Q & Chase, Mark W. (1999). "Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 86 (9):...

structure) by Borner in 1925 and 1939. Willi Hennig (1913–1976) developed the cladistic methodology and applied it to insect phylogeny. Niels P. Kristensen, E...

Academy of Sciences. Second Series. 6: 63. Lyal, C. H. C. (1985). "A cladistic analysis and classification of trichodectid mammal lice (Phthiraptera:...

"The phylogeny and evolution of Cretaceous–Palaeogene metatherians: cladistic analysis and description of new early Palaeocene specimens from the Nacimiento...

phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)". Cladistics. 29 (5): 466–542. doi:10.1111/CLA.12006. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34798768...

phylogenetic insights, climate influences and conservation implications". Cladistics. doi:10.1111/cla.70015. hdl:2158/1444059. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 41139836...

Reitter, 1913 Hulcr, J., Beaver, R. A., Dole, S. A., Cognato, A. I. 2007: Cladistic review of xyleborine generic taxonomic characters (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:...

Whaitsioidea. However, later research of therocephalian evolution using cladistics regardless of taxonomic ranking have found that many of the various...

typically occur on rotten, fallen wood. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, suggests the genus may be polyphyletic. The...

homology were listed by Karl Ernst von Baer as the laws now named after him. Cladistics Comparative physiology Evolutionary developmental biology Phylogenetics...

(paraphyletic) group (although this is a grouping recovered in some recent cladistic analyses). Although the name Merostomata is still seen in textbooks, without...

of life (unrooted) using ribosomal protein sequences Bacterial phyla Cladistics Common descent Coral of life Family tree Symbiogenesis TimeTree Tree of...

subdivisions: Rhyniophytina, Zosterophyllophytina, and Trimerophytina. Later cladistic analyses of early land plants suggested that at least the rhyniophytes...

Cifuentes, Yeimy; Bertani, Rogerio (2022-02-23). "Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the tarantula genera Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871, Psalmopoeus...

Miocene-aged marine strata in North America and Japan. Steeman, M. E. (2007). "Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes"...

Tettigometridae: evolutionary affiliations and historical biogeography". Cladistics. 13 (3): 207–224. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1997.tb00316.x. PMID 34911231...

on sauropod evolution and phylogeny, and he has continued this work in cladistic analysis and revision of the group (see e.g. Wilson and Sereno 1994, 1998...

the same species). The classification appears to be an early example of cladistic classification[clarification needed] because it codifies many intermediate...

Lithostrotia. Cladistic analysis suggested it was a sister species of the South American Epachthosaurus. More recently Mocho et al. (2019) in a cladistic analysis...

the chloroplast genes rbcL and matK, or the ribosomal spacers ITS) and cladistic analysis in order to investigate the relationships between the family's...

this placement, and the true relationship remained unresolved for long. Cladistic analyses in the mid-2010s usually allied bowerbirds with the Australasian...

a aleocharine genus in the tribe Termitopaediini. Kistner D. H. 1977. Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the termitophilous tribe Termitopaediini...

Wikidata Q138313488 T. Karanovic; S. M. Eberhard; A. Murdoch (1 January 2011). "A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of Australian Metacyclops and Goniocyclops...

traditionally placed within the "short-frilled" ceratopsids, but modern cladistic studies show it to be a member of Chasmosaurinae, which usually have long...

"Visceral anatomy of the Malaysian snake genus Xenophidion, including a cladistic analysis and allocation to a new family". Amphibia-Reptilia. 19 (4): 385–405...

poorly preserved, leaving the identity of the animal unknown. A 2017 cladistic analysis of Cassissuchus recovered it as a member of Protosuchidae. Paleontology...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

(1995), and tentatively to Glyptodontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997). A cladistic analysis performed by de O. Porpino et al. (2009) led to the conclusion...

Nordenstam, B., and Bremer, Kare (editor). "Tribe Calenduleae" in: Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 1994. ISBN 0-88192-275-7...

genus Zavrelimyia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from India with cladistic relationship and a world key to the known males". Zootaxa. 5154 (3): 365–379...

(PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2018. Murdy EO (1989). "A Taxonomic Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Oxudercine Gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)". Records of...

1643/CG-18-115. Goto, T. (2001). "Comparative Anatomy, Phylogeny and Cladistic Classification of the Order Orectolobiformes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)"...

paleontologists that birds are descended from coelurosaurs. Under modern cladistical definitions, birds are considered the only living lineage of coelurosaurs...

(2005), "Restoration of the genus Amana Honda (Liliaceae) based on a cladistic analysis of morphological characters", Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (in...

all Indo-Pacific species previously assigned to Liza because DNA-based cladistic analyses recovered Liza as polyphyletic, with some species placed as sister...

Waddell, Victor; Stanhope, Michael; Waddell, Peter (1999). "Stability of Cladistic Relationships between Cetacea and Higher-Level Artiodactyl Taxa". Systematic...

presence of growth lines exclusively in the outer circumferential layer. A cladistic analysis by Yates and Kitching recognizes Antetonitrus as a basal sauropod...

determine their complex relationships through the quantitative method of cladistics. New and old fossils yielded much more information when subjected to modern...

later treated as protists, based on general morphology and lifestyle. A cladistic analysis based on modern discoveries about the biology of these organisms...

Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History....

classified in the genus Agkistrodon until very recently. However, by 1999 cladistic studies clearly showed that Agkistrodon did not form a clade (indeed,...

Ictaluridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) combining morphology, genes and fossils". Cladistics. 33 (4): 406–428. doi:10.1111/cla.12175. ISSN 1096-0031. PMID 34715724...

based partly on the older systems of classification, and partly on new cladistic research. In the past, the taxonomy of gastropods was largely based on...

and with the elongated neck feathers being slightly shorter. Based on cladistic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences, the Nicobar pigeon...

be an archosaur and thus not closely related to birds. According to a cladistic study by Phil Senter in 2004, Longisquama would be an even more basal...

Arachnologischer Anzeiger (in German), 16: 6–10 Bertani, R. (2001), "Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus; with...

Chandler, Donald S. (1982). "A Revision of North American Notoxus with a Cladistic Analysis of the New World Species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae)". Entomography...

(psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree...

porcine3 (Porcine circovirus 3) Circovirus porcine4 (Porcine circovirus 4) Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa All other circoviruses...

Phylogeny and Classification of Tapiromorph Perissodactyls (Mammalia)". Cladistics. 15 (3): 331–350. Bibcode:1999Cladi..15..331H. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031...

Biologisches Centralblatt (in German). 29: 352–362. Roig-Alsina, A. (1991). "Cladistic analysis of the Nomadinae s. str. with description of a new genus (Hymenoptera:...

Dimorphodon, which lent its name to the family including both genera. Later cladistic analyses however, have not shown a close connection between the two forms...

Nicholas Longrich and Philip J. Currie in 2009 included Itemirus in a cladistic analysis of internal dromaeosaurid relationships and found it to be a...

Retrotransposon markers are components of DNA which are used as cladistic markers. They assist in determining the common ancestry, or not, of related...

beneath Mandibulata, or may no longer be a valid category after closer, cladistics-based genetic study. The Crustacea were generally considered the closest...

has been suggested to be early representatives of the Cycas lineage by cladistic analysis. Cycas native to Odisha Cycas species are threatened worldwide...

(2012). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera". Cladistics. 28 (1): 80–112. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x. PMID 34861753....

Phasianidae Subfamily: Phasianinae Tribe: Pavonini Groups included Rheinardia Argusianus Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Pavo Afropavo...

gracilis shown) are among the most land adapted of fish (excepting, from a cladistic perspective, tetrapods), and are able to spend days moving about out of...

Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Turbellaria Ehrenberg, 1831 Subgroups See text. Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Neodermata...

†Varanopidae? †Ophiacodontidae †Edaphosauridae †Palaeohatteriidae †Sphenacodontidae Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Therapsida...

on Shear, 2011, and Shear & Edgecombe, 2010 (extinct groups). Recent cladistic and molecular studies have challenged the traditional classification schemes...

Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found Aeolosaurus, Gondwanatitan, Maxakalisaurus, Panamericansaurus...

1996 but discarded by Alex George in 1999. The name came about after a cladistic analysis of Banksia by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

seed heads, Pennsylvania Neyland, Ray; Hennigan, Melissa K. (2004). "A Cladistic analysis of Monotropa uniflora (Ericaceae) inferred from large ribosomal...

affinities to the co-occurring species Banksia aquilonia. In a morphological cladistic analysis published in 1994, Kevin Thiele placed it in the newly described...

proposal for a taxonomic classification of the Centrolenidae based on cladistic principles and defining monophyletic groups. That paper was the first...

phylogeny of the Araucariaceae based on the consensus from the most recent cladistic analysis of molecular data. It shows the relative positions of Wollemia...

museum director of the Rock River Museum near Como Bluff. However, a cladistic analysis conducted in 2013 recovered that species as a member of Baenidae...

analysis of marsupial mammal higher-level phylogenetic relationships". Cladistics. 19 (3): 181–212. Beck, RM; Warburton, NM; Archer, MI; Hand, SJ; Aplin...

whaitsiids in particular. Huttenlocker, A. (2009). "An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)"...

represent linkages, which are better approached using the wave model. The cladistic approach underlying the tree model requires the common ancestor of each...

skeleton shows no signs of pneumatization. The main author performed a cladistic analysis, the most extensive ever published about the Pterosauria and...

the genus Thaumetopoea (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Thaumetopoeinae)". Cladistics. 33 (6): 557–573. doi:10.1111/cla.12181. hdl:11577/3219150. PMID 34724760...

to stylinodontine taeniodonts. However, Procerberus has been found by cladistic analysis to be outside of a Taeniodonta + Alveugena carbonensis, with...

doubted that it occurred in the tropics. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has, however, shown that Auricularia auricula-judae...

2005, and found it closely related to Dilophosaurus and Zupaysaurus. His cladistic analysis suggested they did not belong in the Coelophysoidea, but rather...

Llanocetidae) and the early and extant edentulous baleen whales. However, the cladistic analyses of Coronodon and Mystacodon seem to indicate that Aetiocetidae...

has traditionally been classified among the Metzgeriales, but molecular cladistics suggests a placement at the base of the Marchantiopsida. Klinggräff, H...

likely lived an amphibious lifestyle. Bell and Polcyn have conducted a cladistic analysis of Dallasaurus, concluding that this taxon should be placed within...

Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data". Cladistics. 28 (1): 4–20. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x. ISSN 0748-3007. Fusco...

2023. Deets, Gregory B. (1995). Copepod–chondrichthyan coevolution: a cladistic consideration (Ph.D. thesis). University of British Columbia. hdl:2429/8770...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

birds), its validity as a monophyletic clade has been disputed by modern cladistic analyses. "Parareptiles" first arose near the end of the Carboniferous...

(1993). "Book Review (Vergleichende anatomie ... Berthold, T, 1991) and Cladistic Re-analysis". The Veliger. 36 (3): 291–7. Cazzaniga NJ (April 2002). "Old...

in the family Tetragnathidae, based on the structure of the male palp. Cladistic studies in the 1990s appeared to confirm the relationship between nephilines...

Phylogeny Biodiversity Biogeography Classification Evolutionary taxonomy Cladistics Transitional fossil Extinction event History of evolutionary theory Overview...

biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria: Ornithischia) - a cladistic-vicariance model". In Reif, W.-E.; Westphal, F. (eds.). Third Symposium...

marked with yellow highlight: Cladogram from Ruta and Coates (2007): Cladistic analysis by Pardo et al. (2017) places recumbirostran microsaurs and lysorophians...

PMID 30502897. S2CID 54625375. Andrews, Peter; Martin, Lawrence (January 1987). "Cladistic relationships of extant and fossil hominoids". Journal of Human Evolution...

mastadenovirus B Bovine mastadenovirus C Bovine atadenovirus D Bovine atadenovirus E Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa Other adenoviruses...

elephants and whales. Comparative psychology Comparative neuropsychology Cladistics Phylogenetic comparative methods Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology...

& Hawkins, Julie A. (2011), "Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae", Cladistics, 27 (5): 470–489, doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00350.x, PMID 34875796...