Construction of the Cannelton Cotton Mill began in 1849 and was completed in 1851. Designed by Rhode IslandarchitectThomas Alexander Tefft and built of sandstone, the mill was once the largest industrial building in the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains. It initially employed about 400 workers, mostly women and girls, and annually produced more than 200,000 pounds of cotton batting and four million yards of cotton sheeting. Of 309 workers employed there in 1890, only 78 were men. As late as 1900, the mill employed 35 girls and 19 boys under the age of 18.
The mill closed in 1954. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and became a National Historic Landmark in 1991. The adaptive restoration of the mill to a 70-unit, low-income apartment complex was completed in 2003.
Location and construction
Located facing the Ohio River, the mill is 280 feet (85 m) long and 60 feet (18 m) wide. Its most striking features are 100-foot (30 m) twin towers, one housed a fire escape and the other was used for water storage and fire protection. The mill's style is Romanesque, but it was not built as Tefft originally designed it. Tefft's drawings called for each story to have different window heads and for dormer windows in the roof. His plan also called for a stepped foundation. As built, the dormers were eliminated and the remaining windows, except for those in the towers, were all capped with square lintels. A half-basement with square windows replaced the stepped foundation. The overall effect is much more severe than Tefft had intended.
^ ab"Cannelton Cotton Mills". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
Thomas Alexander Tefft: American Architecture in Transition, 1845-1860: an exhibition by the Department of Art, Brown University, Providence, RI, 1988, pp. 156–157. ISBN0-933519-12-5