en Bongor Arabic

Bongor Arabic
Bongor Arabic
Native to	Chad
Language family	Arabic-based creole Turku Arabic Bongor Arabic; ;
Early form	Bimbashi Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	bong1302

Bongor Arabic is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language that serves as a lingua franca in and around the town of Bongor, Chad.^[1]^[2] It is a direct descendant of Turku Arabic, a former lingua franca of Chad.^[2]

Main changes

These are some of the main distinctive features of Bongor Arabic:^[3]

long vowels are replaced by short stressed vowels.
/x/ tends to be replaced by /k/.
/f/ tends to be replaced by /p/.
/ʕ/ is lost.
no gender distinction.
no definite article (al-/il-).
no personal affixes on verbs.
the root system typical to Arabic and other Semitic languages is no longer productive.

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bongor Arabic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Manfredi, Stefano; Lucas, Christopher (2019). Arabic and Contact-induced Change. Language Science Press. pp. 323–325. ISBN 9783961102518.
^ Lafkioui, Mena (2013). African Arabic: Approaches to Dialectology. Germany: De Gruyter. p. 162. ISBN 9783110292343.