Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome

Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome
Other names	BRRS
Autosomal dominant is the manner in which this condition is inherited
Specialty	Oncology, medical genetics
Symptoms	Enlarged head[1]
Causes	Mutations in the PTEN gene [2]
Diagnostic method	Based on signs and symptoms[3]
Treatment	Based on symptoms[3]

Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) is a rare overgrowth syndrome and hamartomatous disorder with occurrence of multiple subcutaneous lipomas, macrocephaly and hemangiomas. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.^[4] The disease belongs to a family of hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, which also includes Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis and Cowden syndrome. Mutation of the PTEN gene underlies this syndrome, as well as Cowden syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like syndrome, these four syndromes are referred to as PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor Syndromes.^[5]

Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome is associated with enlarged head and benign mesodermal hamartomas (multiple hemangiomas, and intestinal polyps). Dysmorphy as well as delayed neuropsychomotor development can also be present.^[1][5]

Some individuals have thyroid issues consistent with multinodular goiter, thyroid adenoma, differentiated non-medullary thyroid cancer, most lesions are slowly growing. Visceral as well as intracranial involvement may occur in some cases, and can cause bleeding and symptomatic mechanical compression^[6][7]

The genetics of the Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome is determined, in the majority of cases, via the PTEN gene which presents about 30 mutations in this condition. This gene which regulates cell growth, when not working properly can lead to hamartomas. PTEN chromosomal location is 10q23.31, while the molecular location is 87,863,438 to 87,971,930 ^[2][7]

There are many syndromes that are linked to PTEN aside from Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba Syndrome.^[8]

The syndrome combines Bannayan–Zonana syndrome, Riley–Smith syndrome, and Ruvalcaba–Myhre–Smith syndrome.^[9]

Bannayan–Zonana syndrome is named for George A. Bannayan and Jonathan Zonana^[10]

In terms of diagnosing Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome there is no current method outside the physical characteristics that may be present as signs/symptoms.^[3] There are, however, multiple molecular genetics tests (and cytogenetic test) to determine Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome.^[11]

The differential diagnosis for BRRS consists of the following:^[12]

In terms of management one should observe what signs or symptoms are present and therefore treat those as there is no other current guideline. The affected individual should be monitored for cancer of:^[3]

• Thyroid
• Breast
• Renal

• List of cutaneous conditions
• List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes

• Gilbert-Barness, Enid; Kapur, Raj P.; Oligny, Luc Laurier; Siebert, Joseph R. (2007). Potter's Pathology of the Fetus and Infant: 2-Volume Set. Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323076166. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
• Ruggieri, Martino; Pascual Castroviejo, Ignacio; Di Rocco, Concezio; Ruggieri, Martino (2008). Neurocutaneous disorders: phakomatoses and hamartoneoplastic syndromes (revised. ed.). Wien New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3-211-69500-5. Retrieved 9 December 2016.

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