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Solnhofen Formation of Germany, is usually considered the earliest known avialan which may have had the capability of powered flight; a minority of studies...

avialan) IVPP V13476 (2003) Yixianosaurus longimanus (2003; possibly avialan) Dilong paradoxus (2004) Pedopenna daohugouensis (2005; possibly avialan)...

Baminornis (meaning "Fujian Province bird") is an extinct genus of basal avialan known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian age) Nanyuan Formation of China...

forming a clade known as archosaurs. Birds are descendants of the primitive avialans (whose members include Archaeopteryx) which first appeared during the Late...

Fukuipteryx is an extinct genus of basal avialan dinosaurs found in Early Cretaceous deposits from Japan's Kitadani Formation. It contains one species...

as the oldest known bird (member of the group Avialae). Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, Aurornis...

synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered avialan. The list currently includes 296 genera. There is no official, canonical...

believed to be a basal avialan based on recent phylogenetic analyses, however, it was originally proposed to be a member of the avialan sister taxon, Deinonychosauria...

complete fossil skeleton. Until the 1990s, it was the smallest-known non-avialan dinosaur, with the preceding centuries incorrectly labelling it as the...

Jeholornithidae is a family of avialan theropods whose taxonomy is controversial, whose remains are found in fossil deposits of what is now China. The...

A taxidermy re-creation of an extinct avialan species, Archaeopteryx, created with the wings and feathers of an extant variety of grouse....

backward-pointing hip characterizes the therizinosaurs, dromaeosaurids, avialans, and some primitive troodontids. The fact that the backward-pointing hip...

Pygostylia is a group of avialans which includes the Confuciusornithidae and all of the groups more closely related to modern birds. The group Pygostylia...

anchiornithids, and possibly the scansoriopterygids, the group also contains the avialans, which include diverse extinct taxa as well as the over 11,000 species...

a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines. This group was defined...

uncertain taxonomic placement, originally but inaccurately identified as an avialan dinosaur (bird, in the broad sense). It contains two known species, O....

Sapeornis is a monotypic genus of avialan dinosaurs which lived during the early Cretaceous period (late Barremian to early Aptian, roughly 125-120 mya)...

Jeholornis (meaning "Jehol bird") is a genus of avialan dinosaurs that lived between approximately 122 and 120 million years ago during the early Cretaceous...

Avialans of the Two Medicine Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Gettyia G. gloriae Upper "Tarsometatarsus" An...

Avisaurus (meaning "bird lizard") is a genus of enantiornithine avialan from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Avisaurus archibaldi was discovered...

literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense). They were the most abundant and diverse avialan group known from the Mesozoic era...

Anchiornithids share many general features with other paravians, including early avialans. They were small and lightly-built feathered carnivores, similar in biology...

Ornithothoraces is a group of avialan dinosaurs that includes all enantiornithes ("opposite birds") and the euornithes ("true birds"), which includes...

diet, including seed-eating (some troodontids) and insect-eating (many avialans and alvarezsaurs). Oviraptorosaurs, ornithomimosaurs and advanced troodontids...

of powered flight as well. Microraptor was among the most abundant non-avialan dinosaurs in its ecosystem, and the genus is represented by more fossils...

several details in common with dromaeosaurids, troodontids, and primitive avialans. Like other early paravians, Anchiornis was small, about the size of a...

xui may be the most basal ("primitive") avialan dinosaur known to date, and it is one of the earliest avialans found to date. The fossil evidence for the...

dromaeosaurs, and oviraptosaurians such as Avimimus. Several stem-group clades of avialans (the group which includes modern birds and their close extinct relatives)...

Kompsornis (meaning "elegant bird") is an extinct genus of avialan dinosaurs that lived during the Early Cretaceous period of China. The type and only...

centimeters (2.0 in) and mass of around 1.8 g (0.063 oz). The smallest known non-avialan dinosaurs were about the size of pigeons and were those theropods most...

that Anchiornis was actually an avialan. The smallest dinosaur known from adult specimens which is definitely not an avialan is Parvicursor remotus, at 162...

earliest appearance of the fused sternum and pelvis in the evolution of avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 199 104401. Bibcode:2020JAESc...

Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized group of aquatic avialans closely related to the ancestors of modern birds. They inhabited both marine...

have long, vaned arm and leg feathers forming wings. The Jurassic basal avialan Pedopenna also shows these long foot feathers. Paleontologist Lawrence...

Dinosaur coloration is generally one of the unknowns in the field of paleontology, as skin pigmentation is nearly always lost during the fossilization...

in 2017. He also reanalysed the theropod Balaur, placing it as a basal avialan (primitive bird) rather than a dromaeosaur. Below is a list of taxa that...

dromaeosaurs, oviraptorosaurs, therizinosaurs, troodontids along with other avialans. Fossils of these dinosaurs from the Liaoning lagerstätte are notable for...

Yandangornis is a genus of theropods (possibly avialans) from the Late Cretaceous Tangshang Formation of China. It lived 81.5 million years ago in what...

Confuciusornis is a genus of basal crow-sized avialan confuciusornithid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Period of the Yixian and Jiufotang...

months later however, in which Archaeopteryx was again recovered as an avialan, while Xiaotingia remained closely allied to Anchiornis within the Troodontidae...

9 A), gastroliths are preserved. As in some herbivorous dinosaurs, the avialan Sapeornis, and modern birds, these gastroliths remain in the position where...

Jixiangornis is a genus of basal avialan dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous. Like later avialans, it had no teeth, but it also had a long tail, unlike...

Nanantius is a genus of extinct enantiornithean avialan ("bird" in the broad sense of the word) known from the Early Cretaceous (Albian, c. 100–112 mya)...

Omnivoropterygidae (meaning "omnivorous wings") is a family of primitive avialan dinosaurs known exclusively from the Jiufotang Formation of China, though...

a reduction in flight capacity in Balaur. Balaur may have been a basal avialan, a group that includes modern birds based on phylogenetic analysis, though...

This specimen is the first instance of non-juvenile cranial bones of an avialan found in the Early Cretaceous of Europe. Gorgonavis likely belongs to the...

Ichthyornithes is an extinct group of toothed avialan dinosaurs very closely related to the common ancestor of all modern birds. They are known from fossil...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

Archaeorhynchus (meaning "ancient snout") is a genus of beaked avialans from the early Cretaceous period. A fossil of its only known species, Archaeorhynchus...

both deinonychosaurs and avialans (the lineage including modern birds), but some scientists have classified it as a true avialan more closely related to...

weigh up to 1 kg (2.2 lb), making them some of the smallest known non-avialan dinosaurs. Microraptorians were a group of basal dromaeosaurids (popularly...

length of the humerus. In Fujianvenator, the ratio is closer to 40%. In avialans, an enlarged scapula is generally associated with the muscles necessary...

synonym of C. sanctus Jixiangornis J. orientalis Jianshangou Bed A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation Hongshanornis H. longicresta Jianshangou...

the distal (metatarsal) end. In the Enantiornithes, a group of Mesozoic avialans, the fusion was complete at the proximal (tarsal) end, but the distal metatarsi...

comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been considered to be non-avialan dinosaurs, but also includes some dinosaurs of disputed status as non-avian...

Early Cretaceous avialans Jeholornis and Jixiangornis. The analysis of Hartman et al. (2019) "strongly rejected" the supposed avialan position of Rahonavis...

Alcmonavis is a basal genus of avialan dinosaur that during the Late Jurassic lived in the area of present Germany. The only named species in the genus...

the original description considered Jinfengopteryx to be the most basal avialan (bird), and a member of the family Archaeopterygidae. In a 2007 follow-up...

teeth, claws and long tail of reptiles. It is usually considered a basal avialan but it might also be a non-avian deinonychosaur closely related to dromaeosaurids...

skulls. Phylogenetically, the dromaeosaurids represent one of the non-avialan dinosaur groups most closely related to birds. The cladogram below follows...

individually. The scapular anatomy of Overoraptor resembles that of stem-avialans in the presence of a cup-shaped glenoid fossa, but it differs from most...

The following tables list the global geological sites where tracks of theropod dinosaurs have been found, together with the proper names of the rock formations...

Its forelimbs appeared to be too short and stocky for it to be a basal avialan, however, phylogenetic analysis later confirmed that Balaur was indeed...

therizinosaurians. This would then be an example of convergent evolution: avialans, therizinosaurians, and ornithischian dinosaurs all developed a similar...

This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrates that were extant during the Maastrichtian, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended...

Bellulornis ("beautiful bird") is an extinct genus of ornithuromorph avialan. It is known from a complete postcranial skeleton lacking the skull which...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

Lectavis is a genus of enantiornithine avialan. Their fossil bones have been recovered from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, c. 70.6 – 66 mya) Lecho...

spans from 163 to 145 million years ago. During this epoch, the first avialans, such as Archaeopteryx, evolved from small coelurosaurian dinosaurs. The...

deinonychosaurians were turned into the sister taxon to avialans, and therefore the closest relatives of avialan birds. In 2012, Turner et al. conducted a phylogenetic...

Rauhut; Helmut Tischlinger; Christian Foth (2019). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8 e43789....

Mesozoic sauropsids: non-avialan dinosaurs (Europasaurus and iguanodonts) alongside the early bird Archaeopteryx perched on the foreground tree stump...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

Chongmingia is a genus of basal avialan belonging to Pygostylia that lived during the Aptian. It was found in the Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, China...

variously suggested to be a dromaeosaurid (possibly an unenlagiine), an avialan or outside both groups. This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the...

Dinosaurs continued to be abundant, with groups such as tyrannosauroids, avialans (birds), marginocephalians, and ornithopods seeing early glimpses of later...

Magyarosaurus existed Kallokibotion, an ancient turtle; Balaur, a two-clawed avialan; and Eurazhdarcho, an azhdarchid. Alongside Magyarosaurus, Telmatosaurus...

haoae: Known from a juvenile skeleton. It is usually thought to be a basal avialan but one hypothesis is that it is a non-avian scansoriopterygid. Zhongyuansaurus:...

supposed "Cretaceous owls" Bradycneme and Heptasteornis are apparently non-avialan maniraptors. During the Paleogene, the Strigiformes radiated into ecological...

Confuciusornithidae is an extinct family of pygostylian avialans known from the Early Cretaceous, found in northern China. They are commonly placed as...

lineage, were contemporaries of the non-avian dinosaurs. While the dominant avialans of the Mesozoic Era, the Enantiornithes, died out with all other non-avian...

this group. At least one study has found the Late Cretaceous Mongolian avialan Hollanda to be a member of the group as well. Below is a cladogram from...

Jinguofortis is a genus of primitive avialan belonging to the clade Pygostylia that lived during the Valanginian stage of the Early Cretaceous. It was...

Eoconfuciusornis a genus of extinct avialan that lived 131 Ma ago, in the Early Cretaceous of China. It is the oldest known bird to have a beak. The type...

brain endocasts. Several Mesozoic avialans have brain endocasts: Archaeopteryx, which is not always classified as an avialan (closer to modern birds than to...

of the skull and shoulder are very similar to Archaeopteryx and other avialans. Together these two facts demonstrate that the earliest dromaeosaurs were...

has cast doubt on this assessment, suggesting instead that it is a non-avialan dinosaur closely related to the origin of birds. It lived in what is now...

authors estimated a weight of 164 grams, smaller than most other basal avialans. Gregory S. Paul presented a length estimate of 30 cm (12 in) and body...

Gansus is a genus of aquatic avialans that lived during the Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) period in what are now Gansu and Liaoning...

Longipterygidae is an extinct family of early enantiornithean avialans from the Early Cretaceous epoch of China and possibly Spain. All definitive specimens...

conducted by Agnolín and Novas (2011) recovered scansoriopterygids not as avialans, but as basal members of the clade Paraves remaining in unresolved polytomy...

scansoriopterygid from the Middle to Late Jurassic of China The earliest avialans, which include birds and their ancestors, appear during the Middle to Late...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study...

Apsaravis is a Mesozoic avialan genus from the Late Cretaceous. The single known species, Apsaravis ukhaana, lived about 78 million years ago, in the...

placing it with modern birds in the advanced group Carinatae. Unlike earlier avialans such as the enantiornithines, the species appears to have matured to adulthood...

in common with both early troodontids and avialan birds, supporting a close relationship between avialans, troodontids, and dromaeosaurids. Xu and Wang...

"protobirds" above are of some indeterminate basal position in the entire avialan (and paravian) radiation, but known from such diagnostic material that...

paradoxus, a possible therizinosaurian theropod, and Fukuipteryx prima, an avialan as defined by the authors. Dinosaurs portal Image of the holotype skeleton...

dinosaurs and Confuciusornis, and more like Enantiornithes and more advanced avialans. These features and a cladistic analysis indicate that Zhongornis is the...

be an avisaurid enantiornithean, one study finds it to be a more basal avialan closely related to Balaur bondoc. Gareth J. Dyke; Attila Ősi (2010). "A...

This list is of prehistoric birds and avialan dinosaurs known from the fossil record of the Japanese archipelago. For extant birds from the area, see...

including new characters and better fossil evidence, to determine that birds (avialans) were better thought of as cousins to the dromaeosaurids and troodontids...

embryo-bearing egg clutch sheds light on the reproductive biology of non-avialan theropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Science Bulletin. 66 (9): 947–954. Bibcode:2021SciBu...

Omnivoropteryx (meaning "omnivorous wing") is a genus of primitive flying avialan from the early Cretaceous Upper Jiufotang Formation of China. The authors...

Formation Genus Species Materials Notes Images Balaur B. bondoc Partial avialan skeleton, probably a junior synonym of Elopteryx A paravian Magyarosaurus...

David C. (March 8, 2023). "Reconstructing locomotor ecology of extinct avialans: a case study of Ichthyornis comparing sternum morphology and skeletal...

Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Gargantuavis G. philoinos A gargantuaviid avialan...

Escuillié, François; Wenhao, Wu; Dyke, Gareth (29 May 2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 290(3):172-180. Simmons, Robert E.; Scheepers...

the common ancestor of all paravians excluding scansoriopterygids and avialans. However, given the uncertainty of whether dromaeosaurids possessed asymmetrical...

Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image Nanantius N. eos Queensland, Australia Albian "Tibiotarsi and vertebra" A enantiornithean avialan....

(meaning "Inner Mongolia bird") is an extinct genus of jeholornithiform avialan dinosaurs that lived in what is now China during the Early Cretaceous....

Xing (6 August 2020). "Potential for Powered Flight Neared by Most Close Avialan Relatives, but Few Crossed Its Thresholds". Current Biology. 30 (20): 4033–4046...

dated to 140 to 136 million years ago. Formerly believed to be from a non-avialan coelurosaur, some researchers accepted it as an early bird, although its...

genera of dromaeosaurids, tyrannosaurids, ornithomimids, troodontids, avialans, and caenagnathids. Dromaeosaurids from the Hell Creek Formation are Acheroraptor...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

its skeleton shows features that are also found in early troodontids and avialans. Despite its late appearance, it is among the most basal dromaeosaurids...

neognath birds. Jo et al. (2026) report the first discovery of Mesozoic avialan-type eggs from Korea, discovered in the mid-Cretaceous strata of the Ilseongsan...

Département des Bouches-du-Rhone, while enantiornithean and indeterminate avialan remains are known from Département du Var. List of dinosaur-bearing stratigraphic...

actually an avialan close to modern birds like Balaur bondoc based on phylogenetic analyses, though they disagreed with microraptorines being avialans. In the...

1080/02724634.2024.2364746. Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H.; Wolsan, M. (2002). "Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (1):...

There were terrestrial predators around in its habitat - including its non-avialan theropod relatives and crocodilians - from which Concornis would have found...

Balaur, previously found to be a velociraptorine by most analyses, to be an avialan instead. Saurornitholestinae is the third, and most recently named, subfamily...

have been found as well. The robust, flightless, and possibly herbivorous avialan or dromaeosaurid Balaur, which had two enlarged claws on each foot, represents...

Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (14 May 2019). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8 e43789....

Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (2019-05-14). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8 e43789....

rays and for flight. (Carey, J.R., and Adams. J (2001)) Older potential avialans have since been identified, including Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, and Aurornis...

Press, Cambridge 456-461. T. Maryańska, H. Osmólska, and M. Wolsan (2002). Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47(1):97-116...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

unknown in other Laurasian dromaeosaurids, but which are seen in basal avialans and Gondwanan dromaeosaurids, including Austroraptor, Buitreraptor, Neuquenraptor...

; Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (2019), "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany", eLife, 8 e43789,...

Nauk SSSR. pp. 210–223. Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H.; Wolsan, M. (2002). "Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (1):...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

bones and partial toes and claws, type specimen A dromaeosaurid or an avialan, also found in the Oldman Formation Latenivenatrix L. mcmasterae Hip bones...

Praeornis is an extinct genus of early avialan, possibly an enantiornithine, from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. Only the type...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

Finch Clay Facies was in near-coastal freshwater lagoons. Indeterminate avialan, euornithopod, and sauropod remains that were once misidentified as brachiosaurid...

an unnamed saurornitholestine, an unnamed ornithomimosaur, and multiple avialans. As well as this, several mammals, including the metatherian Unnuakomys...

Gallornis is a genus of prehistoric avialan from the Cretaceous. The single known species Gallornis straeleni lived near today's Auxerre in Yonne département...

Polonica 45(2):97-106. T. Maryańska, H. Osmólska, and M. Wolsan (2002). Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47(1):97-116...

Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (14 May 2019). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8 e43789....

Dinosaur Quarry (Unspecified) Associated disarticulated partial skeleton Avialan Fukuiraptor F. kitadaniensis Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry Bonebed I Multiple...

upper jaw (maxilla) are still reduced in number compared to most other non-avialan theropods. The reduced number of maxillary teeth in Ningyuansaurus is shared...

paravians Pectinodon (a troodontid) and Acheroraptor (a dromaeosaurid). Avialan dinosaurs include Avisaurus, Brodavis and Magnusavis. Ornithischian dinosaurs...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

University Press. pp. 367-397 Maryanska, Osmolska and Wolsan, (2002). "Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47(1): 97-116...

quadratojugal is retained by several Mesozoic avialans, such as Archaeopteryx and Pterygornis. Non-avialan dinosaurs also have a separate quadratojugal...

large eyes. The brains of ornithomimids in general were large for non-avialan dinosaurs, but this may not necessarily be a sign of high intelligence...

Helmut Tischlinger, Christian Foth (2019-05-14), "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany", eLife, vol. 8, doi:10...

Xing (August 2020). "Potential for Powered Flight Neared by Most Close Avialan Relatives, but Few Crossed Its Thresholds". Current Biology. 30 (20): 4033–4046...

terrestrial animals then at the lower food web levels such as mammals, avialans (early birds and close relatives), squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes)...

hdl:2246/2875. S2CID 59147935. Clarke, Julia A., Norell, Mark A. (2004) "New Avialan Remains and a Review of the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia"...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

is about 10 Ma younger. Indeterminate remains of non-avian theropods, avialans, ornithischians, and possibly oviraptorosaurs have been found in Ceara...

possibly a ratite, and later as a more primitive ornithuromorph or non-avialan theropod (Benton et al., 1997). In 2010, the holotype was considered too...

fragmentary maniraptorans Bradycneme, Elopteryx, Heptasteornis, and the avialan Balaur. The top predator of the island ecosystem was the giant azhdarchid...

was explored by Wang et al. (2014) using a data matrix that includes 56 avialan taxa, scored based on 262 morphological traits. Parabohaiornis was recovered...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

Wenxing; Li, Yujuan; Zhang, Chi; Zhou, Zhonghe (6 September 2023). "A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna". Nature. 621 (7978):...

period and was a close relative of Compsognathus. It was the first non-avialan dinosaur genus discovered from the famous Jehol Biota of Liaoning Province...

described Beiguornis, a new enantiornithean from Pigeon Hill, increasing the avialan diversity from the locality. Khinganornis is recognized as a medium-sized...

have fur. Buitreraptor shows a mosaic of dromaeosaurid, troodontid and avialan traits. It was in 2005 assigned to the Dromaeosauridae. A cladistic analysis...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

" a new fossil discovery "restores Archaeopteryx as an early diverging avialan." Dyke was part of a British/Romanian/Brazilian team that discovered "a...

(11 lb). Shanag shows a mixture of dromaeosaurid, troodontid and basal avialan traits. The holotype specimen, about six centimeters long, is composed...

Lirainosaurus), ankylosaurians, ornithopods, and theropods, including other early avialans, like enantiornithes. The association of abundant fossils of the ornithopod...

nearby. Theropoda indet. Nammoura The partial arm of a theropod dinosaur, the only non-avialan dinosaur material known from the formation. Now lost....

type species is Yangavis confucii. At Sihedang, in Liaoning, a fossil avialan skeleton was excavated. In 2018, the type species Yangavis confucii was...

paravians, as well as evidence of subsequent flight adaptive modifications in avialans. Meade et al. (2024) report evidence indicating that the ability of the...

and left distal tibiotarsus, and the proximal right tarsometatarsus An avialan of uncertain phylogenetic placement Antarctopelta A. oliveroi Santa Marta...

such as Sphenodontia do not. Its presence in Archaeopteryx, an extinct avialan, resulted in the proposal of the dinosaur-bird connection.[citation needed]...

have disagreed with this classification, retaining oviraptorosaurs as non-avialan maniraptorans slightly more primitive than the deinonychosaurs. The internal...

Extinct genus of avialan...

Xing (2020-10-19). "Potential for powered flight neared by most close avialan relatives, but few crossed its thresholds". Current Biology. 30 (20): 4033–4046...

Plint & Helm (2025). Wilson et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new avialan assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation (Alaska, United...

; Ji, S.; Lu, J.; You, H.; Chen, W.; Liu, Y. & Liu, Y. (2005). "First avialan bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.)". Geological...

earliest appearance of the fused sternum and pelvis in the evolution of avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 199 104401. Bibcode:2020JAESc...

A4253 v.277 1999[in Russian] Clarke, Julia A., Norell, Mark A. (2004) "New Avialan Remains and a Review of the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia"...

same animal as the body fossils, but from another, as yet undiscovered, avialan. The feather was first described in a series of correspondence letters...

Adult Palaeosaniwa would have been large enough to prey on any of the avialans or mammals known from the time, small non-avian dinosaurs, and the eggs...

dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv...

extinction. As a result of this extinction event, only a small group of avialans – neornithines – were able to survive. This group of Avialae continued...

of a subadult or adult individual. The specimen is very small for a non-avialan dinosaur, measuring about 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Unlike most troodontids...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

an unnamed saurornitholestine, an unnamed ornithomimosaur, and multiple avialans. As well as this, several mammals, including the metatherian Unnuakomys...

oviraptorosaurs including Caudipteryx, compsognathids including Sinocalliopteryx, avialans including Confuciusornis and some non-theropod dinosaurs, such as Psittacosaurus...

announced Shuilingornis angelai as a new genus and species of gansuid avialans based on these fossil remains. The generic name, Shuilingornis, combines...

either a vegaviid or a Procellariiform. Enantiornithes indet. indeterminate Incomplete left femur, tibiotarsus and fibula. An enanthiornithine avialan....

the most likely case. Later, in 2019, two studies have found it to be an avialan once again, but a basal one; Hartman and colleagues recover it as a confuciusornithiform...

Dong-Yu; François Escuillié; Wu Wenhao; Gareth Dyke (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

Dinosaurs of the Crato Formation Genus Species Presence Notes Images ?Avialae ?Avialan species Numerous isolated feathers Cratoavis C. cearensis An enantiornithine...

Images Archaeopteryx Indeterminate Judetul Bihor Possible indeterminate avialan remains. Theropoda Indeterminate Judetul Bihor Formerly referred to Aristosuchus...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

Conchoraptor gracilis. Gauthier considered oviraptorosaurs, deinonychosaurs, and avialans to be maniraptorans. Currie and Russell observed that caenagnathids had...

have been described. In the past Lisboasaurus has been interpreted as an avialan, troodontid, or an anguimorph lizard. Both species are currently assigned...

although most scientists have considered the fossils as belonging to an avialan (either a primitive ornithuran or enantiornithine). The genus contains...

least two partial skeletons A problematic taxon purported to be an early avialan, may be a chimaera of different fossils. Sphenodontia indet. Indeterminate...

developmental strategies underlying the evolution of body size of non-avialan theropods is published by D'Emic et al. (2023), who report that changes...

He, Wenxing; Li, Yujuan; Zhang, Chi; Zhou, Zhonghe (2023-09-06). "A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna". Nature. 621 (7978):...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Zoology. 290 (3): 172–180. doi:10.1111/jzo.12035...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

including the dromaeosaurid Daurlong, indeterminate paravians, and the avialans Beiguornis (an enantiornithean) and Khinganornis (an ornithuromorph), as...

Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

grebes), although alternative theories later suggested that it was a non-avialan theropod or pterosaur. In 2010, the holotype was considered too fragmentary...

that of Microraptor, Changyuraptor, Anchiornis, Eosinopteryx, and basal avialans like Archaeopteryx, but the coverts are noteworthy for being more similar...

data on tail lengths and variation along the caudal series in the non-avialan dinosaurs". PeerJ. 9 e10721. doi:10.7717/peerj.10721. PMC 7891087. PMID 33628634...

Chatterjee as being highly derived in Protoavis, displaying synapomorphies of avialans more derived than Archaeopteryx, including the presence of a hypocleidium-bearing...

braincase of A. altai was intermediate between the basal theropod and avialan conditions. The rest of the skeleton of Alioramus remotus is completely...

dromaeosaurid cf. Hesperonychus Indeterminate Foot claw A dromaeosaurid or an avialan Paronychodon Indeterminate Teeth A troodontid Prismatoolithus P. levis...

L'Herault have produced dinosaur eggs, along with the indeterminate remains of avialans, enantiornithes, and possible indeterminate abelisaurids. Earth sciences...

Poust A.W. (2012) "An Oviraptorid Adult-Egg Association and the Origin of Avialan Reproductive Strategies." Programs and Abstracts of the 72nd Annual Meeting...

The Jinguofortisidae are distinguished from other non-ornithothoracine avialans by the following features: the scapula and coracoid fused into a scapulocoracoid;...

and horizontal flap-leaping. Other research also shows that ancestral avialans were not necessarily exclusively arboreal or cursorial, but rather lived...

is from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary. †Yandangornis A genus of basal long-tailed avialan. May potentially be a non-avialan genus of theropod....

Numida), indicating that they represent the eggs of birds, rather than a non-avialan theropod. Mikhailov, K.E. (1997). Fossil and recent eggshell in amniotic...

embryo-bearing egg clutch sheds light on the reproductive biology of non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Science Bulletin. 66 (9): 947–954. doi:10.1016/j.scib...

He, Wenxing; Li, Yujuan; Zhang, Chi; Zhou, Zhonghe (2023-09-06). "A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna". Nature. 621 (7978):...

Forster and others found that troodontids were the sister group of the avialans. Sereno defined the Troodontidae as all taxa more closely related to Troodon...

note the presence of morphological features similar to sternal traits in avialans. A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Dilophosaurus...

hdl:2246/2875. ISSN 0003-0082. Clarke, Julia A.; Norell, Mark A. (2004). "New Avialan Remains and a Review of the Known Avifauna from the Late Cretaceous Nemegt...

the Russian paleontologist Evgeny Kurochkin) is a genus of pygostylian avialan that lived from the Barremian to the Aptian. The type specimen, ZIN PH...

Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (14 May 2019). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8 e43789....

earliest appearance of the fused sternum and pelvis in the evolution of avialan dinosaurs". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 199 104401. Bibcode:2020JAESc...

the theropods "Megalosaurus" dunkeri and Valdoraptor, the indeterminate avialan Wyleyia, the titanosauriform sauropod Pelorosaurus, another indeterminate...

loss, from both the front and the back, is most similar to that of the avialan Jeholornis. The early halt in tooth replacement possibly resulted from...

et al. 2013. The cladogram is based on a data matrix that includes 56 avialan taxa, scored based on 262 morphological traits. The Wang et al. phylogenetic...

Eoconfuciusornis E. zhengi Sichakou Member A confuciusornithid pygostalian avialan. Known from two specimens. Second specimen (referred in 2017) preserves...

to Archaeopteryx, with comments on the mosaic evolution of long-tailed avialan birds." Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81(3): 337–343. Chiappe...

Teiid lizard Meyasaurus, M. fauri and M. crusafonti, the indeterminate avialan Ilerdopteryx, frogs Neusibatrachus wilferti, Eodiscoglossus santonjae and...

Chilantaisaurus. Yandangornis Y. longicaudus Aolicun "Nearly complete skeleton." An avialan. Zhejiangopterus Z. linhaiensis Aolicun "Skulls and skeletons of multiple...

Dong-Yu; François Escuillié; Wu Wenhao; Gareth Dyke (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

Xing (August 2020). "Potential for Powered Flight Neared by Most Close Avialan Relatives, but Few Crossed Its Thresholds". Current Biology. 30 (20): 4033–4046...

between long and short-tailed Avialae. In their view, any grouping of avialans with long tails must exclude some of their descendants—making Sauriurae...

morphology and distribution of non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropods is published by Hendrickx et al. (2022). A study on the abundance...

on its synapomorphies. Some studies offer an alternate position as an avialan. The discovery of Zhongjianosaurus in the Yixian Formation, in addition...

been found in Liaoning, China. Theropod tracks, including those made by avialans, have been found in Liaoning, China. List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations...

was explored by Wang et al. (2014) using a data matrix that includes 56 avialan taxa, scored based on 262 morphological traits. Longusunguis was recovered...

with feathers Elektorornis chenguangi Xing et al. 2019 An enantiornithine avialan, preserved wing and foot with a long toe. Enantiornithes Multiple Various...

; Xu, Xing (2020). "Potential for Powered Flight Neared by Most Close Avialan Relatives, but Few Crossed Its Thresholds" (PDF). Current Biology. 30 (20):...

not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 290(3):172-180. Simmons, Robert E.; Scheepers...

Psittaciformes. Zhongjianornis yangi Valid Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng Li Zhiheng Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A beaked basal avialan...

Kaye, T. G.; Hendrickx, H. (2020). "A crocodylian-style cloaca in a non-avialan dinosaur". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.10.11.335398. Vinther, J.; Nicholls, R...

Zhou, G.; Wang, L.; He, W.; Li, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, Z. (2023). "A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna". Nature. 621 (7978):...

Niebla and Quilmesaurus, the large unenlagiid paravian Austroraptor, the avialans Lamarqueavis and Limenavis, the azhdarchid pterosaur Aerotitan, the rhynchocephalian...

4.1110. S2CID 84712926. Clarke, Julia A.; Norell, Mark A. (2004). "New Avialan Remains and a Review of the Known Avifauna from the Late Cretaceous Nemegt...

Escuillié, François; Wenhao, Wu; Dyke, Gareth John (29 May 2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds"....

the arms and legs, and frond-like feathering on the tail (similar to the avialan Archaeopteryx). The skull of Xixiasaurus was long, similar to that of Byronosaurus...

Cretaceous, Valanginian) England ( West Sussex) Formerly considered a non-avialan dinosaur Xenoceratops - Michael J. Ryan - David C. Evans - Kieran M. Shepherd...

variously suggested to be a dromaeosaurid (possibly an unenlagiine), an avialan, or outside both groups Rajasaurus - Jeffrey A. Wilson - Paul C. Sereno...

Xing (6 August 2020). "Potential for Powered Flight Neared by Most Close Avialan Relatives, but Few Crossed Its Thresholds". Current Biology. 30 (20): 4033–4046...

Mesolimulus walchi. Nearby quarries have produced the Eichstätt specimen of the avialan dinosaur Archaeopteryx lithographica, and the pterosaurs Aerodactylus scolopaciceps...

forms a sharp, curved talon. Soroavisaurus belongs to an extinct clade of avialans (birds, in a broad sense) known as the Enantiornithes. Within this clade...