Aulacus

Aulacus
Aulacus sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Aulacidae
Genus: Aulacus
Jurine, 1807
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Aulacinus Westwood, 1868
  • Disaulacinus Kieffer, 1910
  • Disphaeron Dahlbom, 1837
  • Micraulacinus Kieffer, 1910
  • Neuraulacinus Kieffer, 1910
  • Pammegischia Provancher, 1882
  • Parafoenus Kieffer, 1910
  • Pycnaulacus Cushman, 1929

Aulacus is a genus of aulacids, ensigns, and gasteruptiids in the family Aulacidae. There are 77 species of Aulacus.[3][4]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

This genus was originally described in 1807 by Louis Jurine.[5] It is currently one of two extant genera within the family Aulacidae along with its sister genus, Pristaulacus.[6]

As presently defined, the genus Aulacus has been noted by Turrisi et al. in 2009 as not representing a monophyletic group, instead being a paraphyletic assemblage of species with respect to Pristaulacus. Their research also concluded the need for further studies to split the genus into several monophyletic genera.[7]

Description and identification

Aulacus are generally small auladic wasps. The head lacks an occipital carina, and the tarsal claws are simple.[8] The forewing has vein 2r-m present in contrast to the genus Pristaulacus, which lacks this vein.[9]

Distribution

The genus Aulacus has a nearly worldwide distribution apart from the Afrotropics and Antarctica.[1][4]

Behavior

While little is known about the biology of the genus as a whole, many species are known to be koinobiont parasitoids of beetles or wood wasps.[6]

Species

The following are 72 of the described species belong to the genus Aulacus:

Data sources: i = ITIS,[10] c = Catalogue of Life,[11] g = GBIF,[12] b = Bugguide.net,[13] z = Revision of Chinese Aulacidae,[4] j = Revisional Study of Japan,[6] r = Aulacidae in the Russian Far East[14]

Nomina nuda

There are additionally 4 species names that are considered nomina nuda in Smith's catalog of species.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Smith, David R. (2001). "World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera)". Contributions on Entomology, International. 4 (3): 261–320. ISSN 1084-0745.
  2. ^ Poole, R.W. & P. Gentili, 1996. Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North America. Vol 2. ISBN 1-889002-02-X
  3. ^ Añino Ramos, Yostin Jesús (2018). Sistemática y taxonomía de avispas Aulacidae, Gasteruptiidae y Stephanidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) de Panamá (Thesis). University of Panama. pp. 1–48. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15482.39365. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  4. ^ a b c Chen, Hua-yan; Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio; Xu, Zai-fu (2016). "A revision of the Chinese Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)". ZooKeys (587): 77–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.587.7207. PMC 4926709. PMID 27408528.
  5. ^ Jurine, Louis (1807). Nouvelle Méthode de Classer les Hyménoptères et les Diptères. Hyménoptères. Tome Premier. Genève: J. J. Paschoud. pp. 319 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.60886.
  6. ^ a b c Kuroda, Keita; Konishi, Kazuhiko; Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio; Yamasako, Junsuke (2020). "A revisional study of the genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) of Japan". Zootaxa. 4830 (1): 161–185. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.7. PMID 33056256. S2CID 222835969.
  7. ^ Turrisi, G.F.; Jennings, J.T; Vilhelmsen, L. (2009). "Phylogeny and generic concepts in the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea)". Invertebrate Systematics. 23 (1): 27–59. doi:10.1071/IS08031.
  8. ^ Smith, David R. (1996). "Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in the mid-Atlantic states, with a key to species of eastern North America". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 98 (2): 274–291. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  9. ^ Smith, David R. (2008). "Aulacidae of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America". Beiträge zur Entomologie. 58 (2): 267–355. doi:10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.2.267-355. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  10. ^ "Aulacus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  11. ^ "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  12. ^ "Aulacus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  13. ^ "Aulacus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  14. ^ Sundukov, Yu N; Lelej, A.S. (2015). "Review of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) in the Russian Far East". Euroasian Entomological Journal. 14 (2): 107–118. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
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