Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

 

August 2023 Ohio Issue 1

Issue 1

August 8, 2023 (2023-08-08)

Elevating the Standards to Qualify for an Initiated Constitutional Amendment and to Pass a Constitutional Amendment[1]
Results
Choice
Votes %
Yes 1,329,052 42.89%
No 1,769,482 57.11%
Total votes 3,098,534 100.00%

Yes:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
No:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

A special election was held in the U.S. state of Ohio on August 8, 2023, on a referendum to make it substantially harder for voter-led initiatives intending to amend the Ohio State Constitution to be proposed and approved.[2]

The initiative itself made no mention of other political issues in the state, but campaigning on both sides was frequently tied to the main hot-button topic on the ballot that coming November, also called Issue 1, which would have protected significant access to abortion within the state. The failure of this issue cleared the way for that later initiative to be passed by Ohio's voters.

This issue was defeated by 57% to 43%, amid unusually high voter turnout for an off-year election held in August, with over 3 million ballots cast overall.

Origins and basic provisions

A protester at a May 2023 rally against holding the special election

The Ohio state constitution is one of many within the United States that allows issues to be proposed directly to the state's population. The allowance of voter-led initiatives was written into the constitution by the Initiative and Referendum Process Amendment of 1912,[3] and since then, the official system for proposing additional amendments in this way was as follows:

(1): A petition must be filed with 1,000 initial signatures, and approved by the Ohio Ballot Board.
(2): The petition must gain a number of signatures of at least 10% of people that voted for governorship of the state in the most recent gubernatorial election, and
(2.1): Those signatures need to be gathered from at least half (44) of Ohio's counties, and at least half of counties must have at least 5% of their eligible voters sign.
(3): If enough signatures are not deemed valid by the Secretary of State to require additional signatures, the petition organizers have 10 additional days (known as a cure period) to collect more.
(4): Once the signatures are collected and the petition is deemed valid, the Ohio Ballot Board will decide the exact language, add supportive and opposing arguments, and put it before voters for election.
(5): If a simple majority (50%+1) of Ohio voters voted for passage, the amendment is added and becomes law 30 days afterward.[4]

On March 22, 2023,[5] a Senate Joint Resolution was brought forward by Senators Rob McColley and Theresa Gavarone to hold a special election on August 8th of that year for changing these requirements.[6] This resolution went through committee relatively easily, and passed both the Ohio House and Senate on May 10th. The vote on the issue was split along party lines, with almost all Republicans voting for the proposal and all Democrats voting against. (a foreshadowing of the political polarization to come on this initiative)

If passed, this amendment would have changed the amending system for citizen initiatives in the following ways:

(1): Instead of requiring 44 counties to meet the 5% of eligible voters' threshold, petitions made, starting on January 1, 2024, would have increased that number to all 88 counties of Ohio.
(2): The cure period of 10 days to collect additional signatures (if necessary) would be eliminated, with no replacement process on petitions started after January 1st, 2024.
(3): The required simple majority for amendments to pass would be increased to a 60% supermajority. This was to take effect immediately after passage.[2]

These changes would have not only made gaining ballot access for future initiatives to be proposed in 2024 and beyond significantly more difficult, but it also would have made passage for initiatives more difficult as well, especially on issues that polarized the electorate along political lines, as Ohio is a state that is split closely on party affiliation between Republican and Democratic-leaning voters.[7]

Politics surrounding Issue 1

Election date controversy

The choice of August 8th as the date to hold this election was a controversial and highly criticized move. Elections that are not scheduled traditionally after the first Monday in November in Ohio, especially in years where there is not a presidential or gubernatorial race, are well known for having much lower voter turnout than other elections.[8] It was alleged almost immediately after the Issue's announcement that this choice was a deliberate move by its Republican creators to take advantage of this likely lower turnout for getting the issue passed, despite a majority of total voters being against the issue.[citation needed]

Making the case for legislator hypocrisy further was the passage of House Bill 458 within the state at the beginning of that year,[9] which (among other changes to election systems) explicitly banned special elections from being held in August, which would have seemingly also stopped this election from going forward. Both of this Issue's main sponsors in the Senate also voted to pass that bill into law.[10] This apparent contradiction was immediately pounced upon by opponents, whom quickly filed suit in the Ohio Supreme Court to stop the election.[citation needed]

The suit was filed against Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose, who had also publicly expressed support for the removal of August special elections, saying that they “aren’t good for taxpayers, election officials, voters or the civic health of our state.”[11] However, Frank himself disregarded his earlier statements and argued in defense here that a special election brought forward by the legislature (as this one was) could be done without restriction, citing general overriding constitutional authority.[12] Most outside views on the controversy generally disagreed with LaRose's arguments, but regardless, the Court ruled 4-3 that the request would be denied, and the election would go on as scheduled. This vote was also party-line, with the four Republicans of the court voting to deny, and the three Democrats voting to push forward with the stoppage.[13]

Near-term political effects

Both left-leaning and right-leaning politicians, think tanks, activist groups, and associated organizations pushed their views on how this issue could affect the future status of societal proposals, especially when it came to the upcoming issue of abortion rights.[citation needed]

Republican legislators had been angling to restrict abortions after six weeks of gestation for over a decade within the state, and in 2019 they finally got their wish, with Governor Mike DeWine signing Senate Bill 23, the 'heartbeat bill', into law.[14] However, due to Roe v. Wade providing protection for abortions federally, this law was not enforceable at the time. The 2022 overturn of Roe v. Wade removed this federal protection, and thus the heartbeat standard became official throughout the state. Pro-abortion advocates and organizations launched several lawsuits almost immediately to take down the law, and were eventually successful in gaining an injunction in September of that year.[15] That injunction was immediately appealed up to the Ohio Supreme Court, and as of May 2023 they had not made a ruling on the matter. Therefore, as of then, abortions were allowed, tenuously, up to 20 weeks after pregnancy.[16]

November's Issue 1 would have written that allowance into the state constitution, making SB 23 null and void and keeping the question of abortion rights out of the hands of state legislators. The raising of vote requirements to 60%, if put in force, would have severely affected the chance for this issue to pass. Polling on abortion rights during the past year leading up showed that support for keeping expanded abortion protections was only around 58%,[17][18] which would not have been enough to overcome the new requirements.

Many supporters of this initiative were not quiet about wanting the upcoming abortion question to fail. LaRose, a Republican himself, admitted as such[19] while railing against a whole list of hypothetical left-leaning proposals that this issue could imperil:

"And this [issue] is 100% about keeping a radical pro-abortion amendment out of our constitution, the left wants to jam it in there this coming November, and so yes, this is 100% about abortion..."[20]

Pro- and Anti-abortion groups quickly latched onto the issue as well, painting it as essentially a referendum on the abortion question three months before the proper vote on the matter. This included a flood of donations, many coming from outside Ohio, through several abortion-focused PACs: around thirteen million dollars was poured in to two explicitly anti-abortion groups: Protect Women Ohio and Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America. The amount for explicitly pro-abortion groups was much smaller, with Ohio Physicians for Reproductive Rights (the only major 'no' group) giving a mere $750,000.[21]

Weed legalization, though not nearly as attention-grabbing as abortion, was the other of the two major proposals on the ballot the upcoming November. Since that issue (Issue 2) would have been presented to voters in the same way as the November Issue 1, one might think that this initiative passing would have raised that issue's passing requirement as well, however, this is not the case. The legalization issue was an initiated statute, rather than a constitutional amendment, and was thus not affected in any way by the proposed changes.[22]

Other claimed political ramifications

The party-polarization of Issue 1 also made claims regarding future effects bend along party lines.

As mentioned before, LaRose mentioned more than just the abortion question while drumming up support. He also claimed two other proposals to come, including raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour (a petiton for such was being attempted at the time),[23] and an unspecified reduction of 2nd Amendment rights (likely referencing states expanding red flag laws, among other similar anti-gun changes).[20] One pro-Issue 1 campaign ad also took aim at the ACLU for their opposition of Ohio House Bill 8, which disallowed schools from notifing parents of their child's change of gender identity and allowed parental scrutiny for content deemed 'sexuality content'. The same ad also mentioned the URGE group, tying their support of removing parental consent for minor abortions to the issue.[24]

An anti-Issue 1 ad claimed that Republicans would soon ban all forms of birth control if it was to pass, although no such effort had been pushed within the state.[25][26]

A debate held by NBC4 Columbus regarding Issue 1 also made mentions of an ad regarding gender-affirmation surgeries on minors, along with reiterating the claims regarding gun control.[27]

Effects on state policymaking

The 60% supermajority requirement was the main point of contention in regards to the Issue itself. By far the easiest of the changes to grasp by the average voter, this proposed move was debated heavily among Ohioans both in-person and on the internet, with several campaign ads specifically focused on communicating how this change would effect their ability to make choices.[citation needed]

This image shows a meme on the internet that made an argument against passing Issue 1. It starts off with the following text: 'If Issue 1 was a football game:'. Below that is the Ohio State University logo, the words 'Ohio State' atop a red block O, with 'Ohio State' again shown next to it, with the number 59 to the right. Below that, is the Michigan University logo, a yellow M with a thin dark blue outline, with the word 'Michigan' and the number 41 to the right of it. Those two rows are laid out like a football final score. Underneath those two rows is large, black bold text that says 'Michigan wins.', which looks wrong to the eyes since Ohio State has the higher score. At the bottom is text cut out from a red rectangle saying in capital letters: 'VOTE NO ON AUG. 8'
A popular anti Issue 1 meme that spread throughout social media in the month leading up to the vote, referencing 'The Game' between Ohio State and Michigan.

Opponents of Issue 1 campaigned heavily on the notion that this change was nothing more than an effort to weaken the power of the people in regards to changing the politics of their state. The new rules, in their view, were only an attempt to directly take away power from the voters, serving more to solidify a minority rule over Ohio by allegedly corrupt politicians than any other claimed purpose.[28]

Supporters argued the opposite, that it in fact helped the democratic process by guarding against corporate interests pushing money to get issues onto the ballot, and allowing the voters to make their voice heard via electing their legislators on issues they cared about more directly. One campaign ad also referenced the United States Constitution, and how that document requires a minimum of two-thirds support from Congress to edit (in addition to the 3/4 states support requirement).[29][30]

Regardless of which opinion one would hold, the facts of the matter are that making petitions harder to succeed and requiring a supermajority for amendments would have significantly reduced Ohioans' ability to use direct votes on political matters, instead leaving the task of changing policy much more in the hands of the Ohio General Assembly. The Ohio General Assembly is one of the most gerrymandered legislatures in the United States, biased heavily towards the Republican Party.[31] As mentioned earlier, Ohioans themselves are split roughly 55–45 in favor of Republican support, however, the General Assembly, both House and Senate, are much more slanted. As of the 135th Assembly, the Ohio House contains 67 Republicans and 32 Democrats (67% R), while the Ohio Senate contains 26 Republicans and 7 Democrats (75% R).[32]

For a theoretical Democratic-leaning major proposal to pass within this state, the following incredibly unlikely sequence would need to occur:

(1): The bill would pass through its appropriate committees in one of the two chambers. (Almost all committees have Republican majorities, and none whatsoever have a Democratic majority)[33][34][35]
(2): Once through committee, it would have to pass through both chambers of the legislature (which, assuming party-line voting, would require 18 Republicans to cross over in the House, and 10 in the Senate, a cross-over which almost never happens except for unanimous votes on minor legislation)
(3): It would need to be signed by the Governor (which would likely be a Republican given the voter spread, and he/she would likely veto, sending it back to the chambers)
(4): If vetoed, it would need to gain three-fifths support from House and Senate to override[36] (needing 28 and 13 Republican crossovers respectively, obviously more unlikely than the simple majority before)

Were the issue to have passed, the chance that a left-leaning political proposal would become law via legislature is all but zero, given the polarization of both parties. The 60% threshold would have been, in effect, the minimum barrier for such policies to have any chance whatsoever of survival.[citation needed]

Lead-up to the vote

With this initiative quickly gaining national prominence as well as state, money began to pour in from all over, a large sum of which did in fact come from out-of-state donors. Both sides received a large majority of their money from out-of state, with the anti-Issue 1 group Protect Our Constitution receiving a full $4 million out of its total $4.8 million from the conservative Illinois donor Richard Uihlein. The pro-Issue 1 group, One Person One Vote, received $4 million of their funds from two left-leaning groups: the Tides Foundation and the Sixteen Thirty Fund.[37] These funds were in addition to major donations from other national groups such as the National Education Association and the left-leaning organizer Karla Jurvetson.[38] Counting all forms of funding, by the time all campaigning for Issue 1 had concluded, over $37 million was raised for influencing; $20.5 million toward the "No" side, and $17.5 million toward the "Yes" side.[39]

One Person One Vote sued the state in May, arguing that some of the ballot language on the issue was misleading. They claimed that the language was misleading for four reasons: the title implying that any form of constitutional amendment was subject to signature requirements, incomplete communication regarding the 5% county signatures requirement, the ballot not having information on what current law stated, and the word 'elevate' in the title having a positive connotation that would sway voters toward the 'Yes' side.[40] The next month, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled on the matter, agreeing with the first two arguments, but not the latter two, and mandating the ballot be rewritten by the state's Ballot Board.[41] The Board did so shortly afterwards and the new, final language was officially certified on May 18th.[42]

This Issue was the fourth in the past five years attempting to put in supermajority requirements for passing amendments, all in Republican-led states. Of those four, three were rejected by voters, with the fourth (in Arizona) only applying to tax-related proposals.[43] The most recent failure at the time was in Arkansas, that proposal being defeated with a 59–40 split in 2022.[44] The most recent full-scale passing measure was in Colorado in 2016, that inititative passing with a 55% vote.[45]

Endorsements

The amendment was supported by the Republican Party of Ohio and opposed by a multipartisan coalition of groups including the Democratic Party of Ohio, Libertarian Party of Ohio, Green Party of Ohio, and several former Republican officials.[46] Four former governors of Ohio, John Kasich, Ted Strickland, Bob Taft, and Dick Celeste, favored a "no" vote on Issue 1,[47] along with a large majority of Ohio newspapers.[48] Current Ohio Governor DeWine (a Republican) announced his support in a news conference.[49]

Yes

U.S. Executive Branch officials

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

Statewide officials

  • Mike DeWine, 70th Governor of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[47]
  • Keith Faber, 33rd Auditor of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[56]
  • Jon Husted, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (2019–present) and 53rd Secretary of State of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[57]
  • Frank LaRose, 51st Secretary of State of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[58]
  • Robert Sprague, 49th Treasurer of Ohio (2019–present) (Republican)[56]
  • Dave Yost, 51st Attorney General of Ohio (2019–present) and 32nd Auditor of Ohio (2011–2019) (Republican)[59]

State Senators

State House members

  • Adam Bird, state representative from the 63rd district (2023–present) and 66th district (2021–2022)[63]
  • Ron Ferguson, state representative from the 96th district (2021–present) (Republican)[64]
  • Jim Hoops, state representative from the 81st district (2018–present) (Republican)[61]
  • Don Jones, state representative from the 95th district (2019–present) (Republican)[64]
  • Susan Manchester, state representative from the 78th district (2019–present) (Republican)[65]
  • Dick Stein, state representative from the 54th district (2017–present) (Republican)[66]
  • Brian Stewart, state representative from the 12th district (2021–present) (Republican)[62]

Individuals

Organizations

No

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

Former statewide officials

  • Dick Celeste, 64th Governor of Ohio (1983–1991) and 55th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1975–1979) (Democrat)[47]
  • Richard Cordray, 49th Attorney General of Ohio (2009–2011) and 46th Treasurer of Ohio (2007–2009) (Democrat)[79]
  • Lee Fisher, 64th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (2007–2011) and 44th Attorney General of Ohio (1991–1995) (Democrat)[79]
  • John Kasich, 69th Governor of Ohio (2011–2019) and U.S. Representative from OH-12 (1983–2001) (Republican)[47]
  • Betty Montgomery, 30th Auditor of Ohio (2003–2007) and 45th Attorney General of Ohio (1995–2003) (Republican)[79]
  • Jim Petro, 46th Attorney General of Ohio (2003–2007) and 29th Auditor of Ohio (1995–2003) (Republican)[79]
  • Nancy H. Rogers, 48th Attorney General of Ohio (2008–2009) (Democrat)[79]
  • Ted Strickland, 68th Governor of Ohio (2007–2011) and U.S. Representative from OH-6 (1997–2007) (Democrat)[47]
  • Bob Taft, 67th Governor of Ohio (1999–2007) and 49th Secretary of State of Ohio (1991–1999) (Republican)[47]

State Senators

State House members

  • Michael Curtin, state representative from the 17th district (2013–2016)[81]
  • Dani Isaacsohn, state representative from the 24th district (2023–present) (Democrat)[62]
  • Dontavius Jarrells, state representative from the 1st district (2021–present) (Democrat)[62]
  • Allison Russo, Minority Leader of the Ohio House of Representatives (2022–present) from the 7th district (2019–present) (Democrat)[80]
  • Bride Rose Sweeney, state representative from the 16th district (2018–present) (Democrat)[62]

Local officials

Individuals

Organizations

Labor unions

Newspapers

Polling

Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size Margin of error Yes No Undecided
Ohio Northern University[109] July 17–26, 2023 650 (LV) ± 3.7% 42% 41% 17%
USA Today/Suffolk University[110][111] July 9–12, 2023 500 (LV) ± 4.4% 26% 57% 17%
Scripps News/YouGov[112] June 20–22, 2023 500 (LV) ± 5.95% 38% 37% 26%

Outcome and aftermath

Voter turnout was unusually high, particularly for an August ballot, with approximately 39% of registered voters casting votes on the issue.[113][114] The Columbus Dispatch reported that it was the highest turnout for a non-general election since the 2016 primary.[115]

Excluding outstanding absentee by mail and provisional ballots, the Dispatch reported late on August 8 with more than 99% of the votes counted that the referendum failed by a margin of more than 14%. Of the more than 3 million votes counted, 57.11% were "no" votes and 42.89% voted "yes".[116] Decision Desk HQ, an election results reporting agency, called the race around 8:09 p.m. EDT, while The Associated Press projected that Issue 1 had failed around 9 p.m. EDT.[117][118]

The failure of this issue marked the fourth out of five Republican attempts for reducing direct voter access to be defeated. Despite this defeat, however, no major changes in party support occurred. In practice, this issue only served to highlight the stark political divisiveness between the two major parties, and put even more highlighting on the abortion issue, a question that would dominate Ohio-related politics until that November. If one was to view this vote as an abortion referendum, it would end up being a quite close predictor, as November's Issue 1 ended up passing by a nearly identical margin to this issue's failure three months later.[119]

References

  1. ^ "2023 Official Election Results". Ohio Secretary of State. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  2. ^ a b S.J.R. 2 Ohio General Assembly.
  3. ^ "Supreme Court Law Library" (PDF). www.sconet.state.oh.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 23, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  4. ^ "Citizen-Initiated Constitutional Amendment - Ohio Secretary of State". Ohio Secretary of State. June 25, 2024.
  5. ^ "Senate Joint Resolution 2 Status". Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  6. ^ "Senate Joint Resolution 2". Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  7. ^ "Ohio Presidential Election Results". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  8. ^ Buchanan[1],Neese[2], Tyler[1],Alissa[2] (August 4, 2022). "Pitifully low turnout for Ohio's special Aug. primary". Axios Columbus. Retrieved June 25, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "House Bill 458 Status". June 25, 2024. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  10. ^ "House Bill 458 Votes". June 25, 2024. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  11. ^ Tebben, Susan (November 30, 2022). "Ohio House committee continues debate on nixing August special elections • Ohio Capital Journal". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  12. ^ "One Person One Vote vs. LaRose - Merit Brief SOS". May 22, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  13. ^ "Ohio Supreme Court Clears Way for August Vote on Legislative Effort to Curb Direct Democracy". State Democracy Research Initiative. June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  14. ^ "Senate Bill 23 | 133rd General Assembly | Ohio Legislature". The Ohio Legislature. June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  15. ^ "Judge blocks Ohio abortion ban; Services to resume next week in Dayton area". dayton-daily-news. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  16. ^ "Section 2919.201 - Ohio Revised Code | Ohio Laws". codes.ohio.gov. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  17. ^ Salamone, Shawn (October 10, 2022). "New BW 'Ohio Pulse Poll' finds disconnect between 'red state' label, voter views". Baldwin Wallace University. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  18. ^ "2023 Other States Polls - Suffolk University Political Research Center - Suffolk University". www.suffolk.edu. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  19. ^ "Ohio Sec. of State LaRose admits move to make constitution harder to amend is '100% about… abortion'". News 5 Cleveland WEWS. June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  20. ^ a b LaRose, Frank (May 24, 2023). "WATCH: Frank LaRose speaks at Lincoln Day Dinner" (video). youtube.com. Scanner Media.
  21. ^ Andrew J. Tobias, cleveland com (September 16, 2023). "Groups detail millions spent on August State Issue 1 campaign in final disclosures". cleveland. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  22. ^ "Why Issue 1 election won't affect any potential vote on recreational marijuana". NBC4 WCMH-TV. August 7, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  23. ^ "Ohio Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  24. ^ "Protect Women Ohio spends $5.5 million on Issue 1 ads in final week before election" (video). youtube.com. NBC4 Columbus. August 3, 2023.
  25. ^ Fening, Madeline. "Video: New Anti-Issue 1 Ad Features Creepy Republicans In Your Bedroom". Cleveland Scene. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  26. ^ "Keep Republicans Out Of Your Bedroom" (video). youtube.com. Progressive Action Fund. July 12, 2023.
  27. ^ "Lawmakers and policy experts debate Ohio Issue 1 live" (video). youtube.com. NBC4 Columbus. July 25, 2023.
  28. ^ "WATCH: Ohio One Person, One Vote Campaign Launches Ad Against Issue 1". The Fairness Project. June 27, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  29. ^ "Ohio coalition's TV ad urges tougher rules for constitutional amendments". The Blade. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  30. ^ "We The People - Vote Yes on Issue 1" (video). youtube.com. Vote Yes Ohio. July 23, 2023.
  31. ^ Tebben, Susan (October 12, 2023). "National anti-gerrymandering group gives Ohio redistricting failing grade • Ohio Capital Journal". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  32. ^ "Ohio General Assembly". Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  33. ^ "Committees". Ohio House of Representatives. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  34. ^ "Senate Committees | Ohio Legislature". www.legislature.ohio.gov. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  35. ^ "List of committees in Ohio state government". Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  36. ^ "Glossary - V | Ohio Legislature". legislature.ohio.gov. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  37. ^ "Most of the money raised in Ohio's Issue 1 campaign — both for and against — is coming from out-of-state sources". The Statehouse News Bureau. July 28, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  38. ^ "More than 80% of contributions to Ohio Issue 1 came from out of state". The Highland County Press. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  39. ^ Andrew J. Tobias, cleveland com (September 16, 2023). "Groups detail millions spent on August State Issue 1 campaign in final disclosures". cleveland. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  40. ^ "VERIFIED COMPLAINT UNDER ARTICLE XVI, SECTION 1 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION AND FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS". Supreme Court of Ohio. May 23, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  41. ^ BeMiller, Haley (June 12, 2023). "Ohio Supreme Court rules partial rewrite of ballot language for constitution issue". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  42. ^ "Ohio Ballot Board - 5-18-2023". Ohio Ballot Board. May 18, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  43. ^ "Politicians Take Aim at Ballot Initiatives". Brennan Center for Justice. January 16, 2024. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  44. ^ "Arkansas Issue 2 Election Results: Require Supermajority Vote for Ballot Measures". The New York Times. November 8, 2022. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  45. ^ "Florida Amendment 3, Supermajority Vote Required to Approve a Constitutional Amendment (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  46. ^ "Ohio 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2023)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  47. ^ a b c d e f BeMiller, Haley (April 25, 2023). "Ex-Ohio GOP Govs. John Kasich, Bob Taft blast plan to make it harder to amend constitution". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  48. ^ Wines, Michael (August 7, 2023). "Abortion Drives Ohio Election on Amending the State Constitution". New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  49. ^ Jeremy Pelzer, cleveland com (May 24, 2023). "Gov. Mike DeWine backs State Issue 1, making it harder to change Ohio Constitution". cleveland. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  50. ^ a b c Fening, Madeline (July 27, 2023). "QAnon 'Sound of Freedom' Star Coming to Norwood to Campaign for Issue 1". Cincinnati CityBeat. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  51. ^ Mike Pence is Calling Everyone to Vote for the Ohio Constitution Protection Amendment, August 8, 2023, retrieved August 8, 2023
  52. ^ Metzger, Bryan (July 28, 2023). "Populist senator JD Vance supports an Illinois billionaire-backed effort to make it harder to change Ohio's constitution because he says it protects voters from 'out of state interests' ahead of abortion referendum". Business Insider. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  53. ^ Hainkel, Kristen (July 31, 2023). "Rallying support for Issue 1". The Marietta Times. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  54. ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen (August 2, 2023). "Ohio abortion issue fuels push to make amending constitution harder". Roll Call. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  55. ^ a b c "Ohio business groups back 60% constitution proposal, citing minimum wage, 'medical freedom' amendments". The Plain Dealer. May 12, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  56. ^ a b Grundy, Precious (July 7, 2023). "Allen County Republicans rally for Issue 1". The Lime News. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  57. ^ Kasler, Karen (July 5, 2023). "Issue 1 supporters include most Ohio elected Republicans, including Lt. Gov. Husted". Ideastream. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  58. ^ Douglas, Michael (May 21, 2023). "The disturbing 'Trumpification' of Frank LaRose puts power before his original brand". Akron Beacon Journal.
  59. ^ a b c Tobias, Andrew J. (July 10, 2023). "Campaigns off and running ahead of early voting start on State Issue 1 — and abortion isn't far behind". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  60. ^ a b Trau, Morgan; Roth, Zachary (August 1, 2023). "How Ohio's Issue 1 could affect the rest of the country". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  61. ^ a b Tobias, Andrew (May 31, 2023). ""Yes" campaign launches for Ohio State Issue 1, to make constitution harder to change". The Plain Dealer.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g Griffin, Daniel (May 22, 2023). "Arguments for, against proposed Ohio constitutional amendment released". WCMH-TV. NBC News.
  63. ^ a b c Trau, Morgan (August 4, 2023). "Election to stop out-of-state special interests funded by out-of-state special interests". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  64. ^ a b Defrank, Robert A. (July 15, 2023). "Ohioans weigh in on Issue 1". The Times Leader. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  65. ^ Fischer, Neil (July 26, 2023). "City Club of Cleveland hosts Ohio Issue 1 debate as August special election nears". WKYC. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  66. ^ Gott, Brian (July 27, 2023). "GOP hosts Issue 1 forum". Norwalk Reflector. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  67. ^ Schladen, Marty (August 4, 2023). "Analysis: Growing number of Issue 1 boosters connected to election denial". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  68. ^ Lacy, Akela (May 25, 2023). "Jan. 6 Megadonor Richard Uilhein Helping Ohio GOP Preemptively Overturn Will of the Voters". The Intercept.
  69. ^ Tobias, Andrew J. (August 1, 2023). "Wondering why you got a copy of the 'Buckeye Reporter' in the mail? Here's more about the pseudo news network behind it". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  70. ^ a b c d e f Trau, Morgan (June 12, 2023). "Ohio advocates against Issue 1 confident measure will fail in August 8 election". Ohio Capital Journal. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  71. ^ "Ohio Farm Bureau supports Issue 1". Ohio Farm Bureau. May 26, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  72. ^ DiAlesandro, Wendy (July 7, 2023). "Ohio's August Special Election explained: What is Issue 1?". The Portager. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  73. ^ Shillcock, George (July 20, 2023). "Rep. Joyce Beatty pulls out of Ohio Chamber of Commerce fundraiser ahead of Issue 1 vote". WOSU-FM. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  74. ^ Kosich, John (July 31, 2023). "Ohio expands in-person early voting hours a week ahead of Aug. 8 special election". WEWS-TV. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  75. ^ Spectrum News Staff (August 8, 2023). "Ohio lawmakers, officials react to the rejection of Issue 1". Spectrum News. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  76. ^ Fening, Madeline (August 4, 2023). "Congressman Greg Landsman Compares Issue 1 to 2011's Failed Issue 2". Cincinnati CityBeat. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  77. ^ a b c Tobias, Andrew J. (August 7, 2023). "State Issue 1 campaigns make final push for voters ahead of high-stakes Aug. 8 election". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  78. ^ Conley, Julia (August 7, 2023). "To Protect Abortion Rights, Organizers Urge Ohioans to 'Vote No on Issue 1' in Tuesday Election". Common Dreams. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  79. ^ a b c d e Ingles, Jo (May 1, 2023). "Former Ohio Attorneys General oppose resolution to make it harder to pass constitutional amendments". Statehouse News Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  80. ^ a b c Behrens, Cole (June 10, 2023). "Mayor Ginther, central Ohio Dems rallying to urge voter rejection of Issue 1 on Aug. 8". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  81. ^ Szilagy, Sarah (July 26, 2023). "In Issue 1 debate, a multitude of concerns surround a single-issue election". NBC4. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  82. ^ "Vote 'no' on State Issue 1: Justin Bibb". Cleveland. June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  83. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (August 4, 2023). "The Critical Election Republicans Are Hoping You Won't Notice". The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  84. ^ Sanderson, Emily (July 17, 2023). "Singer John Legend coming to Hamilton County for Issue 1 rally". WLWT. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  85. ^ Fahmy, Natalie (July 26, 2023). "Issue 1's supporters and opponents double down on positions after debate". NBC4. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  86. ^ Walters, Elizabeth (August 5, 2023). "Elizabeth Walters: Issue One changes would curb voice of the public". The Ironton Tribune. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
  87. ^ Marozzi, Collin (June 26, 2023). "TOP 5 REASONS TO VOTE NO ON ISSUE 1 ON AUGUST 8TH". ACLU. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  88. ^ "Act today for abortion rights in Ohio". Bend the Arc: Jewish Action. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  89. ^ Hainkel, Kristen (June 27, 2023). "Common Cause Ohio gathers to discuss Issue 1". The Marietta Times. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  90. ^ District, Ohio (August 4, 2023). "Ohio CP says "Vote No!" on anti-abortion Issue 1". Communist Party USA. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
  91. ^ "2023 Endorsements – DSA National Electoral Committee". Archived from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  92. ^ Jackson, Tom (July 24, 2023). "Third parties line up to oppose Issue 1". Sandusky Register. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  93. ^ Farley, Philena (May 11, 2023). "Vote No on August 8th – SJR2". Ohio Green Party. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  94. ^ "As Crucial Ballot Initiative on Abortion Rights Advances in Ohio, Human Rights Campaign Endorses Ohio No On Issue 1". Human Rights Campaign. July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  95. ^ Martin, Kevin (June 22, 2023). "League of Women Voters, labor leaders decry Issue 1". The Chronicle-Telegram. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  96. ^ Carr Smyth, Julie (May 9, 2023). "Ohio constitution overhaul faces deadline, backlash". AP News.
  97. ^ a b Kreemer, Avery (July 14, 2023). "Unions speak out against Issue 1 in Dayton event". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  98. ^ "Ohio Special Election 2023 | Swing Left".
  99. ^ a b Kreemer, Avery (July 7, 2023). "Why some groups have taken stances on August's Issue 1".
  100. ^ "Vote No on Issue 1". United Steelworkers. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  101. ^ Editorial Board (May 21, 2023). "Ohio amendment: Why would citizens cede more power to their state government?". Acron Beacon Journal. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  102. ^ Editorial Board (May 21, 2023). "Editorial: Bring it on". The Blade. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  103. ^ Editorial Board (April 28, 2023). "DeWine is being awfully deferential to GOP lawmakers". The Chronicle-Telegram. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  104. ^ Editorial Board (August 2, 2023). "Voters should reject Ohio Issue 1 and win-at-all-costs politics | Editorial". Cincinnat.com. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  105. ^ Editorial Board (May 30, 2023). "Our view: A 'yes' vote on Issue 1 would drive dagger in Ohio's 'heart'". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  106. ^ Editorial Board (June 18, 2023). "OUR VIEW: Keep our living document alive". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  107. ^ Editorial Board (June 4, 2023). "The Statehouse con on selling Issue 1 in the Aug. 8 election, exposed: editorial". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  108. ^ Editorial Board (May 13, 2023). "Minority power grab: August election". Sandusky Register. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  109. ^ Ohio Northern University
  110. ^ USA Today/Suffolk University
  111. ^ BeMiller, Haley. "Issue 1 poll: Most Ohio voters oppose plan to make it harder to amend constitution". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  112. ^ Scripps News/YouGov
  113. ^ Anderson, Kyle (August 8, 2023). "Issue One defeated after election draws record turnout". WFMJ. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  114. ^ "Fall abortion battle propels huge early voter turnout for an Ohio special election next week". AP News. August 4, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  115. ^ "What supporters, opponents are saying about Issue 1 on Ohio's August ballot". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 3, 2023. Stewart: There are a whole host of issues that we know are coming down the pike. ... We know that's coming on a whole host of issues. I think it's entirely reasonable, knowing that that's on the horizon for this November, next November and so forth, to ask Ohioans to say wait, we're going to have an election to decide the rules of the game. ... That applies to abortion, that applies to redistricting, that applies to wage hikes, that applies to qualified immunity.
  116. ^ "Ohio special election results for Aug. 8, 2023". The Columbus Dispatch.
  117. ^ "Ohio voters reject Issue 1, scoring win for abortion-rights supporters ahead of November". The Columbus Dispatch.
  118. ^ Marley, Patrick; Roubein, Rachel; Williams, Kevin (August 8, 2023). "Ohio voters reject higher bar for altering constitution, a win for abortion rights supporters". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on August 9, 2023.
  119. ^ "Voters in Ohio backed a measure protecting abortion rights. Here's how Republicans helped". AP News. November 8, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya