Arini (tribe)
Clade of birds
The Arini tribe of the neotropical parrots is a monophyletic clade of macaws and parakeets (commonly called conures in aviculture ) characterized by colorful plumage and long, tapering tails. They occur throughout Mexico , Central America , and South America , the Caribbean and the southern United States . One genus and several species are extinct ; another genus is extinct in the wild . Two species are known only through subfossil remains. About a dozen hypothetical extinct species (see Extinct Caribbean macaws ) have been described, native to the Caribbean area.[ 1] [ 2]
Among the Arini are some of the rarest birds in the world, such as Spix's macaw , which is extinct in the wild – fewer than 100 specimens survive in captivity. It also contains the largest flighted parrot in the world, the hyacinth macaw . Some species, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw and sun conure are popular pet parrots.
Molecular studies have dated the divergence of the Arini tribe from the ancestral neotropical parrots to late in the Paleogene period about 30–35 million years ago.
Taxonomy
The Arini are one of three recognized clades in subfamily Arinae of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae of Afrotropical and neotropical parrots, one of three families of true parrots .
Image
Genus
Living Species
Anodorhynchus Spix, 1824
Cyanopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
Ara Lacépède, 1799
Blue-and-yellow macaw , Ara ararauna
Blue-throated macaw , Ara glaucogularis
Military macaw , Ara militaris
Great green macaw , Ara ambiguus
Scarlet macaw , Ara macao
Red-and-green (green-winged) macaw , Ara chloropterus
Cuban red macaw , Ara tricolor (extinct )
Red-fronted macaw , Ara rubrogenys
Chestnut-fronted macaw , Ara severus
Saint Croix macaw , Ara autocthones (extinct )
Orthopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
Primolius Bonaparte, 1857
Diopsittaca Ridgway, 1912
Rhynchopsitta Bonaparte, 1854
Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, 1857
Guaruba Lesson, 1830
Leptosittaca Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894
Conuropsis † Salvadori, 1891
Carolina parakeet , Conuropsis carolinensis (extinct )
Conuropsis fratercula (extinct, proposed genus Conuropsis contested, known from subfossil remains)
Psittacara Vigors, 1825
Green parakeet , Psittacara holochlorus
Pacific parakeet , Psittacara strenuus
Socorro parakeet , Psittacara brevipes
Red-throated parakeet , Psittacara rubritorquis
Scarlet-fronted parakeet , Psittacara wagleri
Cordilleran parakeet , Psittacara frontatus
Mitred parakeet , Psittacara mitratus
Red-masked parakeet , Psittacara erythrogenys
Finsch's parakeet , Psittacara finschi
White-eyed parakeet , Psittacara leucophthalmus
Cuban parakeet , Psittacara euops
Hispaniolan parakeet , Psittacara chloropterus
Puerto Rican parakeet , Psittacara maugei (extinct )
Aratinga Spix, 1824
Eupsittula Bonaparte, 1853
Thectocercus Vieillot, 1818
Cyanoliseus Bonaparte, 1854
Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856
Ochre-marked parakeet , Pyrrhura cruentata
Maroon-bellied parakeet , Pyrrhura frontalis
Blaze-winged parakeet , Pyrrhura devillei
Crimson-bellied parakeet , Pyrrhura perlata
Pearly parakeet , Pyrrhura lepida
Green-cheeked parakeet , Pyrrhura molinae
Painted parakeet , Pyrrhura picta
Venezuelan parakeet , Pyrrhura emma
Santarém parakeet , Pyrrhura amazonum
Bonaparte's parakeet , Pyrrhura lucianii
Rose-fronted parakeet or red-crowned parakeet, Pyrrhura roseifrons
White-eared (maroon-faced) parakeet , Pyrrhura leucotis
Grey-breasted parakeet , Pyrrhura griseipectus
Pfrimer's parakeet , Pyrrhura pfrimeri
Fiery-shouldered parakeet , Pyrrhura egregia
Santa Marta parakeet , Pyrrhura viridicata
Maroon-tailed parakeet , Pyrrhura melanura
El Oro parakeet , Pyrrhura orcesi
Black-capped (rock) parakeet , Pyrrhura rupicola
White-necked parakeet , Pyrrhura albipectus
Flame-winged (brown-breasted) parakeet , Pyrrhura calliptera
Blood-eared parakeet , Pyrrhura hoematotis
Rose-headed (rose-crowned) parakeet , Pyrrhura rhodocephala
Sulphur-winged parakeet , Pyrrhura hoffmanni
Enicognathus G.R. Gray, 1840
See also
References