The Royal Canadian Air Force, an all-military force was activated by royal assent from King George V, after having been created as the Canadian Air Force in 1920 to operate both military and civilian flights.[6]
Frank Capone, 28, U.S. mobster and older brother of Al Capone, was shot by police in Chicago during a gun battle.[7]
Clinton Burns, 52, American engineer and designer of municipal water systems across the United States
April 2, 1924 (Wednesday)
A huge monarchist demonstration was staged in Berlin on the occasion of the funeral for martyred criminal Wilhelm Dreyer, a German who died in a French prison after dynamiting a train in the Ruhr. Police struggled to prevent an unauthorized parade from forming in the wake of Dreyer's casket procession.[8][9]
On the Red Sea, the British cruise ship Clan McIver rescued more than 1,200 passengers, almost all of them Muslim pilgrims on their way to Mecca, from the British steamship SS Frangestan, a freighter which had caught fire after the ignition of its cargo of cotton. Clan McIver then delivered the pilgrims to Port Sudan[10]
U.S. President Calvin Coolidge nominated Harlan Fiske Stone to be the new Attorney General of the United States, to replace Harry M. Daugherty, whom he had fired on March 28.[11] Stone Was confirmed by voice vote in the U.S. Senate on April 7.[12]
The Italian government announced it was studying measures to take against Romania over its failure to pay its debts to Italy.[13]
Born:Bobby Ávila, Mexican-born baseball player, 1954 American League batting champion and Player of the Year, later the mayor of Veracruz and president of the Mexican League; in Veracruz (d. 2004)
April 3, 1924 (Thursday)
The Irish Free State issued its own passports for the first time, after being unable to reach a compromise with the British government over whether to refer to an Irish citizen as a "British subject."[14]
In Italy, the Mussolini government demanded 80 million gold lire from Romania to square its debts within several days, stationing several Italian warships off the port of Constanța to back up the ultimatum.[16]
By a vote of 408 to 151, the French Chamber of Deputies voted its confidence in the new government of Prime Minister Raymond Poincare, who had threatened to resign and made the vote a test of whether France should accept a reduction of the German reparation payments.[17]
In Chicago, 24-year-old Beulah Annan shot the man with whom she had been having an affair in her apartment.[18][19]
Educational broadcast media began with the initial broadcast of the first educational radio program, now called BBC School Radio, transmitted during school hours in London by station 2LO on the 860 kHz AM radio frequency.[21]
An extravagant funeral for slain mobster Frank Capone was held in Chicago.[22]
Joye Hummel, American comic book author known for ghost-writing the Wonder Woman series during the 1940s (d. 2021)
Died:Joseph Willard, 58, American diplomat, U.S. Ambassador to Spain 1913 to 1921, died suddenly from an attack of angina pectoris.[24]
April 5, 1924 (Saturday)
In the town of Lilly, Pennsylvania, members of the Ku Klux Klan shot 22 people, two of them fatally, firing randomly into a crowd at the town's railroad station. The shooting happened after some residents of the town "played a stream of water from the town fire hose upon the visitors as they were marching back to the station." An estimated 500 Klansmen had arrived, uninvited, to Lilly and held a ceremony at a nearby field, then marched in a procession to the train, which was taking them to nearby Johnstown.[25] After the train arrived at Johnstown, the Klansmen were met by more than 50 police officers, who arrested 25 of the Klan members and confiscated fifty guns.[26] Four additional people, residents of Lilly, were arrested the next day and the 29 were charged with murder.[27][28]
Voting was held in Italy for all 535 seats of the Camera dei deputati.[30] The Lista Nazionale, (a coalition headed by National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini, received 65% of the votes and 374 of the seats in Parliament (74%) in accordance with the Acerbo Law, which provided that whatever party received more than 25% of the vote and the most votes overall would automatically be awarded two-thirds of the seats. The PPI party of Alcide De Gasperi, who would become Prime Minister of Italy after World War II, received the second most votes (9%) and dropped from 108 seats to only 39.[31]
Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government suffered its first defeat in the British House of Commons when it failed to pass, by a margin of 212 to 221, a bill introduced by John Wheatley that would have protected unemployed people from being evicted over inability to pay rent.[33]
J. M. Simmel, Austrian novelist, playwright and screenwriter; in Vienna (d.2009)
Espen Skjønberg, Norwegian stage, film and television actor; in Oslo (d.2022)
Juan Bautista Vicini Cabral, Italian-born Dominican Republic businessman and chairman of the nation's largest sugar company, Grupo Vicini; in Genoa (d. 2015)
Died: Marcus A. Smith, 73, American politician who served as one of the first U.S. Senators for Arizona from 1912 to 1921 after previously being Arizona Territory's non-voting delegate, to the U.S. House of Representatives for four terms between 1887 and 1909
British inventor Harry Grindell Matthews made a laboratory demonstration to reporters of his "death ray" that could, he said, disable aircraft engines, explode ammunition dumps, render firearms useless and injure entire armies from a great distance..[35]
France delivered 13 tons of gold ingots, worth US$6.5 million at the time, to English officers in the port city of Calais as part of France's efforts to stabilize the nation's currency, the franc.[36]
April 9, 1924 (Wednesday)
The committee headed by Charles G. Dawes submitted its plan to reorganize the German economy and for the Allies to restructure the method of reparations payments. Among the changes were that while the Allies would retain military rights in occupied territory, Germany would retain control of its railways and industries, with some Allied supervision, and Germans would pay taxes similar to the rates of other nations. Payments would be adjusted upward or downward "according to an index of prosperity", with a neutral American observer being the judge of Germany's capacity to pay.[37][38]
Pope Pius XI abruptly canceled plans to become the first Roman Catholic Pontiff since 1870 to travel outside of Vatican City. The Pope had been scheduled to travel one-half mile out of the walls of the Vatican and into Rome to dedicate the new building for the Knights of Columbus but decided, after banner headlines in papers in Rome and around the world, to remain "a voluntary prisoner" inside the Vatican. His decision came 30 minutes before he was due to arrive. Appearing in his place was the Papal Secretary of State, Cardinal Gasparri.[39]
The first large-scale train robbery in Greece took place shortly after 12 masked and armed bandits boarded a train at the Doxaras railway station en route to Thessaloniki. Among the passengers were the Minister of Social Welfare and a former governor of Macedonia, and the bandits escaped with 400,000 drachmas of cash and valuables. The bandits apparently had been planning to board a train scheduled to carry Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou, but Papanastasiou's train had not arrived at the time that the other train departed.[42]
King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania arrived in Paris on a royal visit. Though officially only a friendly visit, it was widely believed that Romania was seeking an alliance with France due to unfriendly relations with Russia, Spain and Italy.[43]
The Dawes Plan committee urged all nations concerned to enact the plan quickly before conditions in Germany changed.[44]
Born:K Lal (stage name for Kantilal Girdharilal Vora), Indian musician who performed for 62 years until two months before his death; in Mavjhinjhva, Baroda principality (now Gujarat), British India (d. 2012)
Died:Hugo Stinnes, 54, German industrialist and politician who was the wealthiest man in Germany after World War One until his death, died a month after gall bladder surgery.[46]
April 11, 1924 (Friday)
Voting was held in Denmark for all 149 seats of the Folketing, the European nation's unicameral parliament.[47]Thorvald Stauning's Socialdemokratiet party won a plurality of the seats, gaining seven to change the balance of power from 51 to 48 for the liberal Venstre party (led by Prime Minister Niels Neergaard, to a 55 to 44 lead by the Social Democrats.[48] Stauning would form a coalition government on April 23.
Japan's Ambassador to the United States, Masanao Hanihara, had a letter presented to U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, warning him of "the grave consequences" that would come if the U.S. Senate followed the House of Representatives in passing the Immigration Act of 1924, specifically targeted against Asian nations, refusing to increase the quota of Japanese citizens who would be allowed to immigrate to the United States. Hughes transmitted the note to the Chairman of the Senate Immigration Committee, LeBaron B. Colt.[49] On April 19, the U.S. Senate voted, 62 to 6, to pass the bill.[50]
At 6:00 in the morning, the U.S. state of Arizona closed its border with the state of California, barring all automobile traffic at the two entry points, Yuma, Arizona and Needles, California.[51] Before the enactment of the border closing, all vehicles entering from California were disinfected, at the travelers' expense, as part of a quarantine to prevent an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth disease.
A crowd of 4,000 Germans at a concert staged a pro-monarchist demonstration in Breslau in favor of having the former heir to the German throne, Crown Prince Wilhelm, to return to Germany as Kaiser Wilhelm III.[52]
The German Association of Industry released a statement expressing approval of the Dawes Plan.[53]
Sigma Phi Delta, a professional fraternity of male engineering students, was founded at the University of Southern California.[citation needed]
Died:Karl Oenike, 62, German landscape painter and photographer known for his detailed information of locations in South America.
April 12, 1924 (Saturday)
A scandal broke within the U.S. Navy after a radio operator discovered that members of the crew of the battleship USS Arizona (which would be sunk at Pearl Harbor in 1941) had helped an American prostitute, Madeline Blair, stow away when the ship was anchored at New York City. Miss Blair, who had told sailors on shore leave that she didn't have enough money to travel to California in hopes of becoming a Hollywood actress, was found after the ship had passed through the Panama Canal and was anchored off of the coast of Panama at Balboa.[54][55] The ship's captain instigated the courts-martial of 23 enlisted men. Blair would publish her story in The San Francisco Examiner in 1928.
The first international soccer football game at Wembley Stadium was played between England and Scotland, ending in 1 to 1 draw, with Billy Walker of England scoring the first goal.[59]
Based in Chicago, WLS, one of the major AM radio stations in the U.S., went on the air for the first time after being purchased by the Sears, Roebuck and Company department store chain and catalog merchant. The station changed its name from WBBX to WLS to reflect that it was broadcasting for the "World's Largest Store."[60]
Renée Firestone (business name for Renee Weinfeld , Czechoslovakian-born Hungarian survivor of the Holocaus, later a successful fashion designer after moving to the U.S.; as in Uzhhorod (now in Ukraine) (alive in 2023)[66]
Died:David Ivon Jones, 40, Welsh-born South African union organizer and Communist, died of tuberculosis after relocating to the Soviet Union.[67]
April 14, 1924 (Monday)
Britain and the Soviet Union opened a conference in London seeking to re-establish relations and settle the status of British private property that was seized by the Communists after the Revolution.[68]
The comic stripWash Tubbs, by Roy Crane, about the misadventures of Washington Tubbs II, was first published. It would run until May 29, 1943, with Tubbs becoming a minor character in another strip, Captain Easy, created by Crane.[69]
France's Prime Minister Poincare, in his speech to open his campaign in the May elections for parliament, indicated "in his own peculiar way"[72] that his government would accept the Dawes Plan for restructuring reparations. Poincare told his audience, "There can't be a question of retiring from the Ruhr until Germany pays us what is due us," and that he would reoccupy the Ruhr again if necessary.
Hugh Hough, American investigative journalist and author, 1974 Pulitzer Prize winner; in Sandwich, Illinois (d. 1986)
Howard Brown, American civil servant, LGBTQ activist and a founder of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, known for being one of the first public officials to acknowledge being homosexual (in 1973, as the Health Administrator for New York City); in Peoria, Illinois (d. 1975)[74]
An accidentally-started fire destroyed most of the town of Franklin, West Virginia, after breaking out at Pendleton Times newspaper. The printing press had stopped when its engine ran out of fuel, and the operator failed to wait for the machine to cool down before pouring gasoline into its tank.[81][82]
The Plaza Publishing Company, which would become Simon & Schuster, the new publishing company that had been founded on January 2, released The Cross Word Puzzle Book, the first book of crossword puzzles ever published. Although the crossword had been invented in 1913 and the puzzles were a feature in daily newspapers, the book compiled "50 Brand New Puzzles". Retailing at $1.35 per copy and included an attached pencil, becoming a popular bestseller.[83][84]
Argentine aviator Raúl Pateras Pescara set a new world record by flying a helicopter almost half a mile— 2,415 feet (736 m)— at an average height of 6 feet (1.8 meters).[85]
A group of 700 frustrated drivers from California attempted to break through Arizona's quarantine closure of the border at Yuma, before being stopped by troops of the Arizona National Guard. After speeding past guards on the bridge over the Colorado River, drivers who made it into Arizona were forced to retreat back to California after encountering a cordon of guards who used fire hoses to repulse vehicle that tried to drive further.[86][87]
A fire at Curran's Hall on 1363 Blue Island Avenue in Chicago killed seven firemen and injured 18 others, when the building collapsed and buried the firefighters, all of whom were members of Hook and Ladder Truck Company No. 12.[88][89]
Born:
Henry Hyde, U.S. Representative known for sponsoring the Hyde Amendment that was enacted in 1976 to end federal funding for abortions; in Chicago (d. 2007)
James Scott, Scottish obstetrician and immunologist (d. 2006)[90]
National Barn Dance, one of the first popular weekly radio shows, was introduced on the Chicago radio station WLS, running from 8 to 12 in the evening central time as an "old time fiddlers program" played by the Hotel Sherman orchestra. As a "clear-channel" broadcaster whose signal could be heard at 870 kHz on AM radio, the WLS program could in much of the North America and was soon licensed to other clear-channel stations. In 1933, National Barn Dance would be picked up by the NBC Red Network, before moving to the ABC Radio Network in 1946, and would remain a regular Saturday evening program until 1952.[92]
Died:Paul Boyton, 75, American swimmer, water sports promoter and ornithologist, known for creating (in 1895) the Sea Lion Park on Brooklyn's Coney Island as the first modern amusement park in the U.S., and the "Shoot-the Shoots" ride.[93]
April 20, 1924 (Sunday)
The Turkish Constitution, with 105 separate articles, was ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey,[94] with provisions that the official religion would be Islam, the official language Turkish and the capital would be Ankara.[94]
Avni Rustemi, an Albanian terrorist who had murdered former Prime Minister Essad Toptani in 1920, and conspired in the February 23 wounding of Prime Minister Ahmet Zogu, was shot and fatally wounded by a supporter of Toptani. Rustemi died two days later.[citation needed]
Lou Blonger, 74, American fraudster and con man, died at the Colorado State Penitentiary six months after beginning his sentence. After being arrested on August 24, 1922, Blonger had been convicted along with 19 other defendants on March 28, 1923.[98]
Celia Cooney, "The Bobbed Haired Bandit", was arrested in Jacksonville, Florida, along with her husband Ed, after gaining national attention for their string of armed robberies in New York City over a period of almost four months and their ability to elude police.[100]
The Ministers and Secretaries Act 1924, a provision for cabinet departments for the Irish Free State, was passed by the Oireachtas, the Irish Parliament, to take effect on June 2.[citation needed] It created 11 separate departments, chaired by the President of the Executive Council, for finance, justice, education, fisheries, defense, external affairs as well as combined agencies for local government and public health; lands and agriculture; industry and commerce; and posts and telegraphs.
Bill Tilden of the United States, the number one tennis player in the world, resigned as a member of the U.S. Davis Cup team and the U.S. Olympic team after the rules committee of the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) issued a statement that Tilden's acceptance of money, to write a syndicated news column about tennis, was an "evil influence in the game" and that, effective January 1, 1925, any player writing tennis articles for profit would lose amateur status and be ruled a professional, in a time when there were no official pro tennis events.[101]
The Japan Printing Association voted to place a boycott on all goods from California.[102]
The Buster Keaton comedy film Sherlock Jr., later selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as culturally significant, was released.[103]
U.S. territorial jurisdiction for purposes of stopping the illegal importation of alcohol, defined by the "Rum Line", the area 3 miles (4.8 km) from the U.S. coast, was extended to 12 miles (19 km).[citation needed]
Duse on the cover of Time, nine months before her death
Died:Eleonora Duse, 65, Italian stage actress[104] and the first woman to be featured on the cover of Time magazine (issue of July 30, 1923)[105]
April 22, 1924 (Tuesday)
In a luncheon address to the Associated Press in New York, U.S. President Calvin Coolidge proposed an international disarmament conference along the lines of the one that produced the Washington Naval Treaty.[106] After Associated Press president Frank B. Noyes introduced Coolidge with the story that he could "get more than two words" out of the president nicknamed "Silent Cal" and that Coolidge responded "You lose." Coolidge thanked Noyes and told the audience that the AP president "has given you a perfect example of one of those rumors now current in Washington which is without any foundation."[107]
After having presented his plan for revision of German reparations in his trip to Europe, Charles G. Dawes departed for New York aboard the SS Leviathan.[108]
Thorvald Stauning formed a coalition government to become the new Prime Minister of Denmark, succeeding Niels Neergaard, whose party had lost control of the Folketing in the April 11 elections.
In Leningrad, hundreds of Russian Orthodox worshipers unsuccessfully attempted to stop police from confiscating religious icons from Saint Andrew's Cathedral. As punishment, the Soviet government turned the cathedral over to the Soviet-sponsored Renovationist Church that promoted a pro-Communist interpretation of Christianity.[citation needed]
The Royal Dutch Airline, KLM, had its first fatal accident when a KLM Fokker F.III airplane, carrying a pilot and two passengers, vanished shortly after takeoff from Croydon Airport in England on a flight to the Waalhaven, a suburb of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. No trace of the plane was found the aircraft had apparently crashed in the English Channel.[118]
Born:
Clement Freud, Gernab broadcaster, radio personality and politician; in Berlin (d. 2009)
Born: Joe Gandara, Hispanic-American U.S. Army private who was found entitled to the Medal of Honor almost 70 years after his death during the Normandy Invasion; in Santa Monica, California (killed in action, 1944)
Born:Guy Moquet, French Communist and martyr of the French anti-Nazi resistance during World War II; in Paris (executed, 1941)
April 27, 1924 (Sunday)
Germany's government issued a proclamation warning the German people against extremists who opposed the Dawes Plan, saying that it was the only way to save the country, and its rejection might lead to a crisis that would cause another world war.[124]
Warren T. McCray, the incumbent Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana, was booked into the Marion County Jail in Indianapolis at 9:40 in the evening, after having been found guilty of attempted fraud by a U.S. federal court jury earlier in the day.[127]
Julian S. Carr, 78, American businessman, philanthropist and white supremacist, former Commander-in-Chief of the United Confederate Veterans, died in Chicago after contracting influenza while traveling from his home in Durham, North Carolina.[130]
Dr. E. F. Nichols, 54, American scientist and former president of Dartmouth College and of MIT, died in Washington D. C., while reading a research paper to an audience during dedication ceremonies for the new National Academy of Sciences headquarters.[131]
Warren T. McCray resigned as Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana after being convicted in a federal criminal trial for mail fraud and sentenced to 10 years in prison. McCray was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Emmett Forest Branch, to serve out the remaining 8½ months of McCray's term.[133]
Over 10,000 people attended the funeral of slain Albanian nationalist figure Avni Rustemi in Vlorë. Bishop Fan Noli gave a fiery speech which emboldened opposition against the government and led to the June Revolution.[134]
An armed revolt broke out in Cienfuegos in Cuba, under the leadership of General Laredo Bru in Santa Clara. Within two weeks, most of the rebels returned home after being offered amnesty by President Zayas.[135][136][137]
Air mail service was inaugurated between Liverpool in England and Belfast in Northern Ireland.[138]
The lead plane in the round-the-world flight attempt, Seattle, crashed in a dense fog near Port Moller, Alaska. The crew was rescued.[32]
^"Rescue Pilgrims on Burning Ship— S.S. Clan MacIver Transfers 1,200 Passengers of S.S. Frangestan and Takes Them to Port Sudan", Ottawa Citizen, April 3, 1924, p.1
^"Early Confirmation Of Stone As Attorney-General Expected". Baltimore Sun. April 3, 1924. p. 1.
^"Harlan F. Stone Confirmed— Senate Acts Favorably on New Attorney-General". Baltimore Sun. April 8, 1924. p. 1.
^Wales, Henry (April 3, 1924). "Italy Builds for Commercial War Upon Romania". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 16.
^O'Halpin, Eunan (1999). Defending Ireland: The Irish State and its Enemies since 1922. Oxford University Press. p. 75.
^Cashman, Sean Dennis (1998). America Ascendant: From Theodore Roosevelt to FDR in the Century of American Power, 1901–1945. New York: New York University. p. 192. ISBN0-8147-1566-4.
^Du Bois, W. E. B. (September 4, 1936). "The Crisis". Crisis Publishing. p. 204 – via Google Books.
^"To-day's Wireless Programmes", The Guardian (Manchester), April 4, 1924, p.11 ("London (2 LO— on 365 metres).. 3 O: Sir Henry Walford Davies, First of Special Programmes to Schools")
^"New Ray Will Destroy Planes, Mow Armies, Says Inventor— Grindell-Matthews Gives Tests In London of Electric Beam, Which, He Predicts, Also Will Explode Magazines At A Distance". Baltimore Sun. April 9, 1924. p. 1.
^"France Ships $6,500,000 of Gold Reserve to London". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 9, 1924. p. 4.
^"Experts Report on Reparation Payment Plans for Germany; Dawes Sees Peace, If Accepted; Military Control Left in Hands of Allies". Washington Evening Star. April 9, 1924. p. 1.
^"Hugo Stinnes, Richest Man in Germany, Dies". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 11, 1924. p. 1.
^"Labor Wins In Denmark; Advocates Capital Levy— Socialists to Form New Cabinet, Aided by Independent Liberals". Baltimore Sun. April 13, 1924. p. 7.
^Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A data handbook ((Nomos Publishing, 2010) p.524
^"Japan Warns U.S. Against Exclusion Act— Hughes Told Grave 'Consequences' Will Follow Approval By Congress; Hanihara's Note Assailed in Senate". Baltimore Sun. April 12, 1924. p. 1.
^"Senate Adopts Immigration Measure, 62—6". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"Arizona to Close All Roads From Calif". Imperial Valley Press (El Centro, CA). April 9, 1924. p. 1.
^Clayton, John (April 12, 1924). "Berlin Alarmed as 4,000 Cheer Ex-Crown Prince". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
^"Industry of Germany o.k.'s Dawes' Report". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 12, 1924. p. 1.
^"Girl Stowaway Found On U.S. Battleship— Says She is Madeline Blair, Brooklyn, And Boarded Vessel March 12 in Hudson River". Baltimore Evening Sun. April 16, 1924. p. 1.
^"Girl Who Long Posed As Sailor On U.S. Battleship Arrives Home". Baltimore Sun. April 29, 1924. p. 1.
^"Gen. Dawes Visits Rome; Received by Mussolini". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 13, 1924. p. 16.
^"Exclusion Wins as Alien Bill Is Voted in House— Fixes Quotas at 2% on 1890-Census Base". Baltimore Sun. April 13, 1924. p. 1.
^"Poincare to Decree Dissolution Today". Baltimore Sun. April 12, 1924. p. 1.
^Steele, John (April 14, 1924). "Anglo-Russian Treaty Parley Convenes Today". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
^"Wash Tubbs" in American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide, ed. by Allan Holtz (University of Michigan Press, 2012) p.405
^Mervyn D. Kaufman, Father of Skyscrapers: A Biography of Louis Sullivan (Little, Brown and Company, 1969)
^Matheson, Roderick (April 16, 1924). "Urges Boycott on California; State is Blamed". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
^"Poincare Agrees To Experts' Plan Upon Reparations— Announces Acceptance In Speech At Campaign Meeting— Cites Report to Prove Case". Baltimore Sun. April 16, 1924. p. 15.
^"What it Means to Be a Book Publisher at 29: What Simon and Schuster Have Found Out in Their Pursuit of Best Sellers"], by Beatrice Barmby, McClure's magazine (October 1927) p.62
^"Flies Helicopter Half Mile". Baltimore Sun. April 20, 1924. p. 2.
^"Motorist Attempt To Break Arizona Quarantine Repulsed— Vanguard of 700 Eastern-Bound Tourists Retreat When Guards At Yuma Bring Up Fire Hose". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"Yuma Guard Repels Mob — Tourists Attempt to Break Through Blockade". Sacramento Union. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"7 Firemen Die Under Wall". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"10 Are Killed; Many Hurt in Chicago Fire; Nine Of Dead Are Firemen— Several of Them Hurled Into Flames". Baltimore Sun. April 19, 1924. p. 1.
^"First Mass in New $5,000,000 Church Today— Easter Services in National Shrine of Immaculate Conception". Buffalo (NY) Sunday Times. April 20, 1924. p. 38.
^Higashi, Sumiko (1994). Cecil B. DeMille and American Culture: The Silent Era. Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 208. ISBN0-520-08556-6.
^The Guardian (25 April 2003). "Peter Wason". The Guardian.
^"Imperial Fair Is Opened With Medieval Pomp— King George's Message Encircles Entire Globe In 80 Seconds". Baltimore Sun. April 24, 1924. p. 1.
^"The Problematic of Prophethood and Miracles: Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī’s Response." by Faruk Terzic, in Islamic Studies (Islamic Research Institute International, 2009) p.8 http://www.jstor.org/stable/20839152.
^"Reported German Statesmen Among Swiss Wreck Victims— Paris and Berlin Dispatches Indicated Dr. Schacht and Dr. Helfferich May Have Lost Lives In Collision of Expresses At Bellizona". Baltimore Sun. April 24, 1924. p. 1.
^"Helfferich's Death Blow to Junkers". Baltimore Sun. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
^"Socialist Cabinet Governs Denmark". Montreal Gazette. April 24, 1924. p. 3.
^"May Incorporate Town Around S.M.U.". Marshall (TX) Messenger. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
^"Vanished Aeroplane. All Hope Abandoned of Finding Missing Fokker". Birmingham (England) Evening Despatch. April 25, 1924. p. 1.
^"Dawes Plan or New War, Berlin Tells Germans". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 28, 1924. p. 1.
^"104 Men Buried in West Virginia Mine Explosion— Blast Occurs Half Hour After Workers Enter Benwood Shaft". Baltimore Evening Sun. April 28, 1924. p. 1.
^"M'Cary Found Guilty; Spends Night in Jail— Indiana Governor Convicted By U.S. Jury of Using Mails To Defraud— Still Holds Office as State Executive". Baltimore Sun. April 29, 1924. p. 1.
^Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898–1962, ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, 1963)
^Howarth, Alan; Hayter, Dianne (2006). Men Who Made Labour. Oxon: Routledge. p. 184. ISBN0-203-94551-4.
^"Gen. Julian S. Carr Is Dead— Former Commander-In-Chief Of Confederate Veterans". Baltimore Sun. April 30, 1924. p. 2.
^"Dies As He Reads Paper Before Academy of Science— Dr. E. F. Nichols Fatally Stricken During Address in Washington". Baltimore Sun. April 30, 1924. p. 7.
^"95 Dead in Dixie Tornado — Path of Ruin in 6 States 1,000 Miles Long". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 1, 1974.
^"$10,000 Fine; Ten-Year Prison Term for M'Cray — Branch, in Simple Ceremony, Takes office as Thirty-Second Governor of Indiana". Indianapolis News. April 30, 1924. p. 1.
^"Rebel Detachment Defeated in Cuba". Baltimore Sun. May 2, 1924. p. 9.
^"Coolidge Places Embargo on Arms Shipments to Cuba— Acts on Request of President Zayas, Who Cites Violent Conditions; Cienfuegos Rebels Sought By Troops". Washington Evening Star. May 1, 1924.
^"Cuban Revolt Near End; Chief to Surrender". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 12, 1924. p. 5.
^"Liverpool—Belfast Air Service Opened". The Guardian. May 1, 1924. p. 16.
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