en Apiogalacturonan

Apiogalacturonan
Names
	Other names Galacturonoapian
Identifiers
CAS Number	9039-03-6;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Apiogalacturonans are a type of pectin found in the cell walls of Lemna and Zostera marina.^[1] Substituted galacturonans are characterized by the presence of the saccharide appendant residue D-apiose in the case of apiogalacturonan, branching from a backbone of D-galacturonic acid residues. According to the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, "[t]he backbone of these polysaccharides is resistant to fragmentation by microbial EPGs."^[2]

Lemnan belongs to rare apiogalacturonic pectic polysaccharides, along with zosteran from Zostera marina.^[3]

The apiogalacturonan in Lemna has been studied for several nutritional and biotechnology applications in animal models. In brief, it has been shown to have gastric-protection and immune-adjuvant properties.^{[medical citation needed]} It is also cryoprotective and this application has been patented.

The apiogalacturonan from Zostera marina currently is used in a variety of cosmetic functions.^{[citation needed]} The German group Beiersdorf AG holds several patents on the application of apiogalacturonan for cosmetic applications.^{[citation needed]} Zostera marina L. was selected for its antioxidative activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression.^[4]

References

^ Gunter, E.A. (2004). "Isolation of Polysaccharides from the Callus Culture of Lemna minor L.". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 40: 80–83. doi:10.1023/B:ABIM.0000010359.68528.fe. S2CID 23940747.
^ "Plant Cell Walls". Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. University of Georgia. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
^ Khasina, E.I. (2003). "Gastroprotective effect of lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Lemna minor L". Doklady Biological Sciences. 390: 204–206. doi:10.1023/A:1024437012646. PMID 12940141. S2CID 27423842.
^ Jin-Hui, Kim; Kyung-Eun, Lee; Jin-Hwa, Kim; Young-Ho, Cho; et al. (January 2004). "New Cosmetic Agents for Anti-aging from Zostera marina L.". Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea. 30.

[1] Gunter, E.A. (2004). "Isolation of Polysaccharides from the Callus Culture of Lemna minor L.". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 40: 80–83. doi:10.1023/B:ABIM.0000010359.68528.fe. S2CID 23940747.

[2] "Plant Cell Walls". Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. University of Georgia. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

[3] Khasina, E.I. (2003). "Gastroprotective effect of lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Lemna minor L". Doklady Biological Sciences. 390: 204–206. doi:10.1023/A:1024437012646. PMID 12940141. S2CID 27423842.

[4] Jin-Hui, Kim; Kyung-Eun, Lee; Jin-Hwa, Kim; Young-Ho, Cho; et al. (January 2004). "New Cosmetic Agents for Anti-aging from Zostera marina L.". Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea. 30.

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