Islah is more of a loose coalition of tribal and religious elements than a political party.[25] Its origins are in the Islamic Front, a Muslim Brotherhood affiliated militia supported by Saudi Arabia to combat the MarxistNational Democratic Front during the Cold War.[9][10] The Islamic Front regrouped after the unification of Yemen in 1990 under the banner of the Islah Party with considerable financial backing from Saudi Arabia.[9] Islah has long been identified as a client of Saudi Arabia.[26][27] On its official website, Islah summarizes its foreign policy agenda; one of five major goals is "strengthening our country’s relations with sister Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council."[28]
Islah differs from most other Arab Islamists. The party combines tribal influences along with those of the Yemeni Muslim Brotherhood. As a result, it faces deep internal divisions on key issues. Its fractious composition prevents it from developing a clear parliamentary platform, forcing it instead to balance tribal and political interests, differing interpretations of the party's Islamist platform, and both loyalist and opposition constituencies.[29] Given its origin as an alliance, Islah's ideology remains vague and its political platform ambiguous. Islah could be best described as a conservative party that promotes tribal and religious values.[24]
The Joint Meeting Parties came into existence in 2003 when Islah and the Socialist Party joined three other smaller parties to establish a joint opposition to the ruling General People's Congress.[30] At the last legislativeelections on 27 April 2003, the party won 22.6% of the popular vote and 46 out of 301 seats.
Al-Islah has been described as consisting of three components. The first is the political faction, Yemen's Muslim Brotherhood, led by Mohammed Qahtan. The second is the tribal confederacy which was led by top tribal chief Abdullah Al Ahmar until his death in 2007 at which time he was succeeded by his son Sadeq.[37] The third is the Salafi movement, led by the country's most prominent Sunni religious scholar, Abdul Majeed al-Zindani.[1][38]Muhammad Al-Yadomi succeeded Al Ahmar as the head of the party following his death on 28 December 2007.[36]
In the 2003 parliamentary election, Al-Islah won 46 seats. As of 2010[update], 13 of Al-Islah's parliament members were women, including human rights activist and Nobel laureate Tawakel Karman,[39][40] who created the activist group Women Journalists Without Chains in 2005[41] and became the first Yemeni and Arab woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011. On 5 February 2018, she was suspended from the party.[42]
The party was blacklisted by Saudi Arabia in March 2014 due to its ties to the Muslim Brotherhood.[36] Since the death of former King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, Saudi Arabia has repaired relations with Al-Islah, due to their role in fighting the Houthis during the Yemeni Civil War.[13] In December 2017, Islah leaders Al-Yidoumi and Al-Anisi met with the crown princes of Saudi Arabia and Abu Dhabi (part of the UAE) in the Saudi capital Riyadh to discuss the Yemeni war.[11] Before that, the UAE had publicly opposed Al-Islah,[44] and it was later claimed that the UAE hired American mercenaries to assassinate people like Al-Islah leader Mayo.[45][46] In December 2018, it was reported that Islamist political parties like Al-Islah and jihadi militant groups like Al-Qaeda and Islamic State (ISIS) were the main targets of the UAE, with the Houthis no longer being regarded as the greatest enemy of the UAE, with the Saudis being unable to do anything about it.[19]
^"Rebels in Yemen abduct Sunni rivals amid Saudi airstrikes". 5 April 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2018 – via The CBS News. Muslim Brotherhood's branch in Yemen and a traditional power player in Yemen, had declared its support for the Saudi-led coalition bombing campaign against the rebels and their allies.
^ abNathan J. Brown; Amr Hamzawy (2010). Between Religion and Politics. Carnegie Endowment. p. 137. ISBN9780870032974.
^Daniel Brumberg; Dina Shehata (209). Conflict, Identity, and Reform in the Muslim World: Challenges for U.S. Engagement. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 431. ISBN9781601270207.
^Sheila Carapico (2007). Civil Society in Yemen: The Political Economy of Activism in Modern Arabia. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN9780521034821.
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