Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoriclife forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2016.
A stony coral belonging to the family Siderastreidae. The type species is "Siderastrea" cuyleri Wells (1932); genus also includes "Phyllocoenia" cotteaui Orbigny (1850), "Diploastrea" crassa Kuzmicheva (1980), "Diploastrea" crassicostata Morycowa & Masse (1998), "Phyllocoenia" cyclops Felix (1891), "Confusastrea" dollfusi Prever (1909), "Confusastrea" felixi Prever (1909); "Stephanocoenia" grandipora Orbigny (1849), "Diploastrea" harrisi Wells (1932), "Diploastrea" hilli Wells (1933), "Montastraea" nagaoi Eguchi (1951), "Pleurocora" reussi Milne Edwards (1857), "Diplocoenia" splendida Prever (1909), "Diploastrea" vaughani Wells (1933) and "Plesiofavia" villaltai Reig Oriol (1991), as well as new species E. paragrandipora Löser (2016) and E. stefani Löser (2016).[23]
A rugose coral belonging to the family Phillipsastreidae. The type species is "Cyathophyllum" ananas Goldfuss (1826); genus also includes "Pseudoacervularia" dybowskii Różkowska (1953), "Pseudoacervularia" intercellulosa (Phillips, 1841) sensu Pickett (1967), "Schlüteria" lyskovensis Ermakova (1957), "Acervularia" macrommata Roemer (1855), "Phillipsastrea" plantana Różkowska (1979), "Cyathophyllum" profundum Michelin (1845), "Phillipsastrea" rozkowskae Scrutton (1968), "Pseudoacervularia" cf. smithi (Różkowska, 1953) sensu Pickett (1967), "Phillipsastrea" ananas veserensis Coen-Aubert (1974) and "Phillipsastrea" zerda Galle, 1992 in Hladil et al. (1992).
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Pachyporidae. The type species is Sokolovia pershinae. The generic name is preoccupied by Sokolovia Ilovaisky (1934) and Sokolovia Shishkinskaya (1964).
A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae. The type species is Ehrhardina voigti; genus also includes Ehrhardina pikeae.
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Neospiriferidae. The type species is "Tangshanella" byrangi Chernyak (1963); genus also includes A. taimyrica (Einor, 1939).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Georginakingiidae. The type species is "Spirifer" phalaenaDana (1849). Lee et al. (2023) subsequently considered the genus Angulispirifer to be a junior synonym of the genus Sulciplica.[58]
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" glaberiformis Besnossova (1963).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Martinioidea and the family Brachythyridae. The type species is Brachythyris" elliptica Roberts (1963).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is "Phricodothyris" mosquensis Ivanova (1960). The generic name is preoccupied by Biramus Oswald (1993).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" kinderhookensis Carter (1988).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Phricodothyridae. The type species is "Neophricadothyris" catatona Cooper & Grant.
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" costata Roberts (1971).
A plectorthoid brachiopod. A new genus for "Nanorthis" calderensis Benedetto (2007); genus also includes "Nanorthis" bastamensis Ghobadi Pour, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Popov (2011).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is "Squamularia" postgrandis Waterhouse (1983).
A member of Chilidiopsidae; a subgenus of Iridistrophia. The type species is "Orthis" hipponyx Schnur (1851); the subgenus also includes new species Iridistrophia (Flabellistrophia) musculosa and possibly also "Orthis" undifera Schnur (1853) and Iridistrophia dendritica Benedetto (1984).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Ambocoeliidae. The type species is "Verneuilia" langenstrasseni Blodgett & Johnson (1994).
A rafinesquinidstrophomenidbrachiopod, a subgenus of Kjaerina. The type species of the subgenus is Kjaerina (Villasina) pedronaensis; the subgenus also contains "Hedstroemina" almadenensis Villas (1995), as well as new species Kjaerina (Villasina) meloui and Kjaerina (Villasina) pyrenaica.
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Toryniferidae. The type species is "Spirelytha" miloradovichi Archbold & Thomas (1984).
A plectorthoid brachiopod. A new genus for "Eoorthis" bifurcata Harrington (1937); genus also includes "Nanorthis" brachymyaria Benedetto in Benedetto & Carrasco (2002), as well as new species Lampazarorthis alata.
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Delthyroidea and the family Xenomartiniidae. The type species is "Quadrathyris robusta" molongensis Savage (1969), raised to the rank of the species M. molongensis.
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Thomasariidae. The type species is "Spirifer" maureri Holzapfel (1896).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Reticulariidae. The type species is "Thomasaria" voiseyi Roberts (1963).
A subgenus of Paraspirifer. The type species is Paraspirifer conradi Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983); the subgenus also includes "Delthyris" acuminata Conrad (1839), "Terebratula" acuminatissima de Castelnau (1843), "Spirifer" bownockeri Stewart (1927), Paraspirifer halli Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983) and Paraspirifer clarkei Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983).
A subgenus of Paraspirifer. The type species is Paraspirifer sandbergeri Solle (1971); the subgenus also includes Spirifer auriculatus Sandberger & Sandberger (1856), Paraspirifer sandbergeri longimargo Solle (1971) (elevated to species rank), Paraspirifer eos Solle (1971) and Paraspirifer sandbergeri nepos Solle (1971). The subgenus might also include Paraspirifer gigantea Su (1976) and Paraspirifer desbiensi Bizzarro & Lespérance (1999).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Hysterolitoidea and the family Costispiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifer" schmidti Lindstrom (1861).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Paeckelmanelloidea and the family Pterospiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifera" rhomboidea Phillips (1836); genus also includes "Spirifer" distans Sowerby (1825).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Spiriferidae. The type species is "Neospirifer" pristinus Maxwell (1951).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Theodossioidea and the family Theodossiidae. The type species is "Vandergrachtella" radina Crickmay (1953).
A rafinesquinidstrophomenidbrachiopod, a subgenus of Rafinesquina. The type species of the subgenus is "Leptaena" pseudoloricata Barrande (1848); the subgenus also includes Rafinesquina pomoides Havlíček (1971), as well as new species Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) gabianensis and Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) loredensis.
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the superfamily Uncinuloidea. The type species is "Terebratula" antiqua Schnur (1853); genus also includes "Uncinulus" frontecostatus Drevermann (1902)
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Choristitoidea and the family Choristitidae. The type species is "Tangshanella" fasciculatia Roberts (1971).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Rhynchospiriferidae. The type species is "Tingella" suchana Veevers (1959).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Georginakingiidae. The type species is T. clarkei; genus also includes "Spirifer" tasmaniensisMorris (1845).
A possible member of Devonochonetinae. The type species is "Chonetes" taggertyensis Gill (1945) from the Montys Hut Formation; genus also contains second, unnamed species from the Norton Gully Sandstone.
A member of Linguloidea belonging to the family Lingulidae. The type species is T. lorigae; genus also includes new species T. mazzinensis and T. prinothi, as well as Trentingula borealis (Bittner, 1899).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Angiospiriferidae. The type species is "Brachythyrina" boonlomi Waterhouse (2004).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Reticulariidae. The type species is "Reticulariopsis" warreni Perry (1984).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Cyrtospiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifer" koscharicus Ljaschenko (1959); genus also includes "Spirifer" archiaci Murchison (1840), "Spirifer" brodi Wenjukov (1886) and W. lebedjanicus (Nalivkin, 1947).
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Rallacosta" xystica Cooper & Grant (1976).
A heterodiadematidsea urchin. The type species is "Pseudodiadema" libanoticum de Loriol (1887); genus also includes Loriolidiadema sculptile (de Loriol, 1887).
A replacement name for Siphonodella (Siphonodella) hassi Ji (1985). Plotitsyn and Zhuravlev (2016) considered S. jii to be a junior synonym of Siphonodella quadruplicata (Branson et Mehl), because they considered the specimen selected as the holotype of S. jii to be more likely to represent an ontogenetic stage of S. quadruplicata.[142]
A study on the histology and growth histories of the humeri of the specimens of Acanthostega recovered from the mass-death deposit of Stensiö Bjerg (Greenland) is published by Sanchez et al. (2016), who argue that even the largest individuals from this deposit are juveniles.[144]
A study on the functional significance of the interpterygoid vacuities (holes in the palate) in temnospondyls is published by Lautenschlager, Witzmann & Werneburg (2016).[146]
A study on the stress distribution in the skulls of Edingerella madagascariensis and Stanocephalosaurus birdi during the bite, with implications for establishing the ecological niches occupied by these temnospondyls, is published by Fortuny et al. (2016).[147]
A study on the morphology of the skull and braincase of Brachydectes newberryi is published by Pardo & Anderson (2016).[149]
A study on the locomotor capabilities of Triadobatrachus massinoti is published by Lires, Soto & Gómez (2016).[150]
A revised description of the holotype of Triadobatrachus massinoti based on X-ray micro-tomography data is published by Ascarrunz et al. (2016).[151]
The first unambiguous frog fossil from the Jurassic of Asia (an atlantal centrum of a possible member of the genus Eodiscoglossus) is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Itat Formation (Russia) by Skutschas, Martin & Krasnolutskii (2016).[152]
A study on the respiratory system and paleobiology of caseids is published by Lambertz et al. (2016), who argue that at least some caseids might have been predominantly aquatic and that a homologue of the mammalian diaphragm might have been present in caseids.[170]
A study on the paleoneurology of non-mammaliaformtherapsids is published by Benoit, Manger & Rubidge (2016), who argue that whiskers, body hair coverage and mammary glands might have been present in some non-mammaliaform therapsids.[172]
A study on the anatomy and potential function of the cranial outgrowths of Choerosaurus dejageri is published by Benoit et al. (2016).[176]
Benoit & Jasinoski (2016) present a digital reconstruction of the lost holotype specimen of the cynodont species Scalopocynodon gracilis (a junior synonym of Procynosuchus delaharpeae).[177]
A description of a new specimen of Massetognathus ochagaviae collected at the Middle TriassicDinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone (Brazil) is published by Pavanatto et al. (2016).[179]
Hair-like structures found in a coprolite recovered from the Late Permian Vyazniki site (Russia), which might represent the oldest evidence of hair in the stem group of mammals, are described by Bajdek et al. (2016).[181]
A member of Tritylodontidae. The type species is Montirictus kuwajimaensis. Averianov et al. (2017) considered the genus Montirictus to be a junior synonym of the genus Stereognathus.[185]
New fossil material of Oesia disjuncta is described by Nanglu et al. (2016), who interpret this species as a primitive acorn worm that inhabited the tubes previously identified as the alga Margaretia.[194]
A redescription of Helenodora inopinata and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Murdock, Gabbott & Purnell (2016).[195]
Description of the anatomy of the fossil velvet wormCretoperipatus burmiticus and a study on its phylogenetic relationships is published by de Sena Oliveira et al. (2016).[196]
A study on the anatomy of the mouth apparatus of the lobopodianPambdelurion whittingtoni is published by Vinther et al. (2016), who show that its mouth apparatus was identical to the fossilized feeding apparatus described under the name Omnidens.[197]
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae. The type species is M. polysiphonata; genus also includes M. askomorpha.
A graptolite. The type species is P. acicularis; genus also includes new species P. regularis, as well as P. euglyphus (Lapworth, 1880) and P. siccatus (Elles and Wood, 1907).
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. The type species is T. oligocanalis; genus also includes new species T. polycanalis, T. tenuis, T. lamellicanalis, T. fascifera, T. siderifera, T. lamellata and T. polyforma.
A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is "Palaeoconchus" wilsoni Zatoń, Vinn & Toom (2016).[236]
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Virgulidae. The type species is "Grossotubenella" variabilis Senowbari-Daryan (2005); genus also includes new species T. irregularis.
A red alga, possibly related to the coralline algae. The type species is "Hedstroemia" serrana Vachard & Aretz (2004); genus also includes "Hedstroemia" nidarosiensis Høeg, 1932 emend. Roux, 1985, "Hedstroemia" koninckoporoides Vachard, 1988 and "Pseudosolenopora" owodenkoisensu Mamet, 2002 non Chanton-Güvenç, 1972.
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be related to hormogonian cyanobacteria or to eukaryoticgreen or chrysophytealgae. The type species is Berkutaphycus elongatus.
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; the authors of its description considered it most likely that it was a relative of pterobranchs. The type species is C. sinicum.
An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species K. gemmulella. Loron & Moczydłowska (2018) considered the genus Kaibabia to be a junior synonym of the genus Leiosphaeridia, and transferred the species K. gemmulella to the latter genus.[262]
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be a cnidarian (the possibility considered to be most likely by the authors of its description), or a macroalga. The type species is Lantianella laevis; genus also includes L. annularis.
A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Garwoodiaceae. The type species is O. laxa; genus also includes "Ortonella" mansellensis (Poncet, 1986) and "Ortonella" myrae Rácz (1964).
A microfossil. Genus includes "Kildinosphaera" verrucata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983), as well as "Kildinosphaera" granulata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983).[286]
A multicellular benthic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Zuunartsphyton delicatum.
Research
Probable stromatolites are described from the 3,700-Myr-old rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland) by Nutman et al. (2016);[288] however, Allwood et al. (2018) subsequently argue that these putative stromatolites as more likely to be structures of non-biological origin.[289]
Exceptionally large, organic, smooth-walled, coccoidal microfossils are described from the 2.52 GaGamohaan Formation (South Africa) by Czaja, Beukes & Osterhout (2016), who interpret them as fossils of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria similar to members of the modern genus Thiomargarita.[290]
Macroscopic fossils up to 30 cm long and nearly 8 cm wide are described from the 1,56-billion-year-old Gaoyuzhuang Formation (Yanshan area, North China) by Zhu et al. (2016), who interpret them as probable fossils of benthic multicellular eukaryotes of size that is unprecedentedly large for eukaryotes older than the Ediacaran Period.[291]
Organic-walled microfossils (at least some of which are eukaryote fossils) with holes in the walls similar to those formed by predatory protists in the walls of their prey to consume the contents inside are described from the 780–740 million-year-old Chuar Group (Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA) by Porter (2016).[292]
^Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN9780070887398. OCLC46769716.
^J.M. Bannister; J.G. Conran; D.E. Lee (2016). "Life on the phylloplane: Eocene epiphyllous fungi from Pikopiko Fossil Forest, Southland, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 54 (4): 412–432. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2016.1208252. S2CID88956269.
^George Poinar Jr. (2016). "A gilled mushroom, Gerontomyces lepidotus gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycota: Agaricales), in Baltic amber". Fungal Biology. 120 (9): 1090–1093. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.06.008. PMID27567715.
^ abMarcelo A. Martínez; M. Virginia Bianchinotti; Ramesh K. Saxena; M. Elina Cornou; Mirta E. Quattrocchio (2016). "Fungal spores from the Palaeogene El Foyel Group of Ñirihuau Basin, Argentina". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (3): 343–362. doi:10.1002/spp2.1044. S2CID130738186.
^Ashley A. Klymiuk (2016). "Paleomycology of the Princeton Chert. III. Dictyosporic microfungi, Monodictysporites princetonensis gen. et sp. nov., associated with decayed rhizomes of an Eocene semi-aquatic fern". Mycologia. 108 (5): 882–890. doi:10.3852/15-022. PMID27302048. S2CID7871220.
^George Poinar Jr. (2016). "A mid-Cretaceous Eccrinales infesting a primitive wasp in Myanmar amber". Fungal Biology. 120 (12): 1537–1539. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.001. PMID27890089.
^Michael Krings; Thomas N. Taylor; Helmut Martin (2016). "An enigmatic fossil fungus from the 410 Ma Rhynie chert that resembles Macrochytrium (Chytridiomycota) and Blastocladiella (Blastocladiomycota)". Mycologia. 108 (2): 303–312. doi:10.3852/15-224. PMID26740543. S2CID19514447.
^Jian Han; Shixue Hu; Paulyn Cartwright; Fangchen Zhao; Qiang Ou; Shin Kubota; Xing Wang; Xiaoguang Yang (2016). "The earliest pelagic jellyfish with rhopalia from Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 449: 166–173. Bibcode:2016PPP...449..166H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.025.
^ abcdefT.J. Munson; J.S. Jell (2016). "Wenlock and Ludlow (Silurian) rugose corals from the type section of the Jack Formation, Broken River Province, northeast Queensland". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature. 59: 273–320. doi:10.17082/j.2204-1478.59.2016.2016-06. S2CID54772587.
^Ian D. Somerville; Sergio Rodríguez; Ismail Said (2016). "Carboniferous aulate corals from Azrou-Khenifra Basin (Morocco): distribution and phylogenetic relationships". Geobios. 49 (4): 303–317. Bibcode:2016Geobi..49..303S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2016.05.001.
^Olev Vinn; Kalle Kirsimäe; Luke A. Parry; Ursula Toom (2016). "A new Byronia species from the Late Ordovician of Estonia". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 65 (4): 201–206. doi:10.3176/earth.2016.17.
^ abAnthony J. Wright; Yves Plusquellec; Rémy Gourvennec (2016). "Devonian operculate corals (Calceolidae, Cnidaria) from the Massif Armoricain, France". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (3): 313–340. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1132866. S2CID131678184.
^ abMahdi Badpa; Edouard Poty; Alireza Ashouri; Kaveh Khaksar (2016). "Fasciculate Kleopatrinid corals from the Bashkirian (late Carboniferous) of Sardar Formation (Ozbak-Kuh Mountains, East-Central Iran)". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 19 (2): 151–166. doi:10.4072/rbp.2016.2.01.
^Shuji Niko; Masayuki Fujikawa (2016). "Gertholites haikawai, a new Early Carboniferous species of pachyporid tabulate coral from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Yamaguchi Prefecture". Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History. 51: 1–4.
^Shuji Niko; Shigeyuki Suzuki; Eiji Taguchi (2016). "Madrepora mitsukurii, a new Miocene species of scleractinian coral from the Katsuta Group in the Tsuyama area, Okayama Prefecture, Southwest Japan". Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History. 51: 5–8.
^Michal Mergl; Lenka Ferrova; Jiří Frýda (2016). "Armoured test of Early Devonian Mesoconularia (Conulariida) from the Prague Basin (Czech Republic): probable adaptation to increased predation pressure". Bulletin of Geosciences. 91 (3): 561–581. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1601.
^Marie Coen-Aubert (2016). "Potyphyllum, a new phillipsastreid genus of rugose corals in the Upper Frasnian of Belgium with precisions about the age of the Petit-Mont Member". Geologica Belgica. 19 (1–2): 165–175. doi:10.20341/gb.2015.016.
^Olga L. Kossovaya; Matevž Novak; Dieter Weyer (2016). "Large-sized Early Permian "caninioid" corals from the Karavanke Mountains, Slovenia". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1049–1067. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1049K. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.105. S2CID133217184.
^Dieter Weyer (2016). "Review of some Frasnian ahermatypic coral localities from Germany and description of a new genus Spinaxon (Anthozoa, Rugosa, Upper Devonian)". Geologica Belgica. 19 (1–2): 147–163. doi:10.20341/gb.2015.020.
^John S. Peel; Patrick D. McDermott (2016). "An association of problematic corals, crinoids and parasites from the Sholeshook Limestone Formation (Ordovician) of Wales". Geological Journal. 51 (2): 212–222. doi:10.1002/gj.2617. S2CID129186363.
^Alexander B. Doweld (2016). "Vulykhia, a new generic replacement name for Concavites Bondarenko & Minzhin 1981 (Anthozoa: Heliolitoidea) non Jeannet 1951 (Cephalopoda: Ammonitida)". Zootaxa. 4139 (3): 419–420. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.5. PMID27470811.
^ abcZ. A. Tolokonnikova (2016). "New data on the Tournaisian bryozoans (Lower Carboniferous) from Azerbaijan and Armenia". Paleontological Journal. 50 (4): 388–395. doi:10.1134/S0031030116040146. S2CID132964116.
^ abA. V. Koromyslova; A. V. Pakhnevich (2016). "New species of Pachydermopora Gordon, 2002 and Beisselina Canu, 1913 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomida) from a Campanian erratic block (Belarus) and their micro-CT investigation". Paleontological Journal. 50 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1134/S0031030116010044. S2CID89373639.
^ abGuilherme Muricy; Celso Domingos; Vladimir A. Távora; Laís V. Ramalho; Andrzej Pisera; Paul Taylor (2016). "Hexactinellid sponges reported from shallow waters in the Oligo-Miocene Pirabas Formation (N Brazil) are in fact cheilostome bryozoans". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 72: 387–397. Bibcode:2016JSAES..72..387M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2016.10.003.
^Silviu O. Martha; Paul D. Taylor (2016). "A new western European Cretaceous bryozoan genus from the early Cenomanian radiation of neocheilostomes". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (2): 311–321. doi:10.1002/spp2.1042. S2CID87906331.
^ abcdZ. A. Tolokonnikova (2016). "New Famennian bryozoans (Upper Devonian) from Azerbaijan and Armenia". Paleontological Journal. 50 (3): 245–254. doi:10.1134/S0031030116030096. S2CID133257626.
^ abcdeO. P. Mesentseva (2016). "Cystoporida (Bryozoa) from the Emsian Stage (Lower Devonian) of the Salair Ridge and Gorny and Rudny Altai". Paleontological Journal. 50 (4): 376–387. doi:10.1134/S0031030116040080. S2CID132964632.
^ abcM. A. Sonar; S. G. Gaikwad (2016). "Some fossil Margaretta (Ascophora:Bryozoa) from the Cenozoic sediments of Western Kachchh, Gujarat". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 88 (5): 620–626. doi:10.1007/s12594-016-0528-0. S2CID133518187.
^Andrej Ernst; Priska Schäfer; Jack A. Grant-Mackie (2016). "New Caledonian Triassic Bryozoa". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (5): 730–747. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.50. S2CID131038063.
^ abcM. A. Sonar; R. V. Pawar (2016). "Some Calloporid (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) species from the Cenozoic sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 88 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1007/s12594-016-0457-y. S2CID132871130.
^ abAndrej Ernst; Barbara Seuss; Paul D. Taylor; Alexander Nützel (2016). "Bryozoan fauna of the Boggy Formation (Deese Group, Pennsylvanian) of the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 96 (4): 517–540. doi:10.1007/s12549-016-0231-6. S2CID132070193.
^Mark A. Wilson; Paul D. Taylor (2016). "A new runner-like cyclostome bryozoan from the Bromide Formation (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) of Oklahoma and its phylogenetic affinities". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (3): 413–417. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..413W. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.71. S2CID133144280.
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