1904–05 United States Senate elections
Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Legislature failed to elect
The 1904–05 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Theodore Roosevelt 's landslide election to a full term and the 1904 House of Representatives elections . As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures . Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1904 and 1905, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock .[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1 .
Party share of seats remained roughly the same, when including vacancies and appointments, and the Republicans retained a significant majority over the Democrats.
Special elections were held in Indiana and Massachusetts, in the former due to the ascension of Charles Fairbanks to the Vice Presidency and in the latter due to the death of longtime Senator George Hoar .
In Georgia , the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 59th Congress on March 4. In Delaware the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until June 1906.
Results summary
Senate party division, 59th Congress (1905–1907)
Majority party: Republican (58)
Minority party: Democratic (32)
Other parties: (0)
Total seats: 90
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
At the beginning of 1904.
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
R56 Retired
R57 Retired
D33 Retired
D32 Ran
D31 Ran
D30 Ran
D29 Ran
D28 Ran
D27 Ran
D26
R55 Retired
R54 Retired
R53 Retired
R52 Retired
R51 Ran but died
R50 Ran
R49 Ran
R48 Ran
R47 Ran
R46 Ran
Majority →
R36 Ran
R37 Ran
R38 Ran
R39 Ran
R40 Ran
R41 Ran
R42 Ran
R43 Ran
R44 Ran
R45 Ran
R35 Ran
R34
R33
R32
R31
R30
R29
R28
R27
R26
R16
R17
R18
R19
R20
R21
R22
R23
R24
R25
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Result of the general elections
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
R56 Gain
V1 R Loss
V2 D Loss
V3 D Loss
D31 Gain
D30 Re-elected
D29 Re-elected
D28 Re-elected
D27 Re-elected
D26
R55 Hold
R54 Hold
R53 Hold
R52 Hold
R51 Hold
R50 Hold
R49 Hold
R48 Re-elected
R47 Re-elected
R46 Re-elected
Majority →
R36 Re-elected
R37 Re-elected
R38 Re-elected
R39 Re-elected
R40 Re-elected
R41 Re-elected
R42 Re-elected
R43 Re-elected
R44 Re-elected
R45 Re-elected
R35 Re-elected
R34
R33
R32
R31
R30
R29
R28
R27
R26
R16
R17
R18
R19
R20
R21
R22
R23
R24
R25
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Beginning of the next Congress
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
R56
V1
V2
D32 Appointed
D31
D30
D29
D28
D27
D26
R55
R54
R53
R52
R51
R50
R49
R48
R47
R46
Majority →
R36
R37
R38
R39
R40
R41
R42
R43
R44
R45
R35
R34
R33
R32
R31
R30
R29
R28
R27
R26
R16
R17
R18
R19
R20
R21
R22
R23
R24
R25
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Race summaries
Elections during the 58th Congress
Special elections
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1904 or in 1905 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State
Incumbent
Results
Candidates
Senator
Party
Electoral history
Ohio (Class 1)
Mark Hanna
Republican
1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898
Incumbent died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904 .[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Pennsylvania (Class 1)
Matthew Quay
Republican
1887 1893 1899 (Failure to elect) 1899 (Appointed but disqualified) 1901 (special)
Incumbent died May 28, 1904. New senator elected January 17, 1905 .[citation needed ] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Massachusetts (Class 2)
Winthrop M. Crane
Republican
1904 (Appointed)
Interim appointee elected January 18, 1905 .[3]
In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1905.
State
Incumbent
Results
Candidates
Senator
Party
Electoral history
Indiana (Class 3)
Charles W. Fairbanks
Republican
1897 1903
Incumbent resigned March 3, 1905, to become U.S. Vice President . New senator elected January 18, 1905 to begin service on the first day of the new Congress. Republican hold.
Early elections
In these elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1907, in the 60th Congress; ordered by election date.
Races leading to the 59th Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1905; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State
Incumbent
Results
Candidates
Senator
Party
Electoral history
California
Thomas R. Bard
Republican
1900
Incumbent lost renomination New senator elected January 11, 1905.[3] Republican hold.
Connecticut
Joseph Roswell Hawley
Republican
1881 1887 1893
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905.[6] Republican hold.
Delaware
L. Heisler Ball
Republican
1903 (special)
Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss . Seat would remain vacant until June 13, 1906 .
Florida
James Taliaferro
Democratic
1899 (special)
Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss . Incumbent would be appointed to start the term. Appointee was later elected to finish the term, see below.
[data missing ]
Indiana
Albert J. Beveridge
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Maine
Eugene Hale
Republican
1881 1887 1893 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Maryland
Louis E. McComas
Republican
1898
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 4, 1904.Democratic gain .
Massachusetts
Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican
1893 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Michigan
Julius C. Burrows
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Minnesota
Moses E. Clapp
Republican
1901
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Mississippi
Hernando Money
Democratic
1897 (Appointed) 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1904.[8]
Missouri
Francis Cockrell
Democratic
1874 1881 1887 1893 1899
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss .[3]
Montana
Paris Gibson
Democratic
1901 (special)
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1905.[3] Republican gain .
Nebraska
Charles Henry Dietrich
Republican
1901 (special)
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1905. Republican hold.
Nevada
William Morris Stewart
Republican
1887 1893 1899
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[3] Republican hold.
New Jersey
John Kean
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1905.
New York
Chauncey Depew
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
North Dakota
Porter J. McCumber
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Ohio
Marcus A. Hanna
Republican
1897 (Appointed) 1898 (special) 1898
Incumbent re-elected, but died February 15, 1904. New senator elected March 2, 1904.[2] Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above.
Pennsylvania
Philander C. Knox
Republican
1904 (Appointed) 1905 (special)
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Rhode Island
Nelson W. Aldrich
Republican
1881 (special) 1886 1892 1898
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1905.[3]
Tennessee
William B. Bate
Democratic
1887 1893 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1905.[3]
Texas
Charles Allen Culberson
Democratic
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3]
Utah
Thomas Kearns
Republican
1901 (special)
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1905.[3] Republican hold.
Vermont
Redfield Proctor
Republican
1891 (Appointed) 1892 (special) 1892 1898
Incumbent re-elected October 18, 1904.[9]
Virginia
John W. Daniel
Democratic
1887 1893 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1904.
Washington
Addison G. Foster
Republican
1899
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 27, 1905.[3] Republican hold.
West Virginia
Nathan B. Scott
Republican
1899
Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[3]
Wisconsin
Joseph V. Quarles
Republican
1899
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1905.[10] Republican hold.
Wyoming
Clarence D. Clark
Republican
1895 (special) 1899
Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1905.[11]
Elections during the 59th Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1905 after March 4; sorted by election date.
State
Incumbent
Results
Candidates
Senator
Party
Electoral history
Missouri (Class 1)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected March 18, 1905 .Republican gain .
Tennessee (Class 1)
William B. Bate
Democratic
1887 1893 1899 1905
Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died March 9, 1905. New senator elected March 21, 1905 . Democratic hold.
Florida (Class 1)
James Taliaferro
Democratic
1899 (special) 1905 (Appointed)
Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor was appointed to begin the term. Interim appointee April 20, 1905 .
Connecticut (Class 3)
Orville H. Platt
Republican
1879 1885 1891 1897 1903
Incumbent died April 21, 1905. New senator elected May 10, 1905 . Republican hold.
Maryland
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(November 2022 )
1904 United States Senate election in Maryland
Isidor Rayner defeated incumbent Louis E. McComas by a margin of 40.98%, or 50 votes for the Class 1 seat.[12]
New York
The 1905 election in New York was held on January 17, 1905, by the New York State Legislature . Republican Chauncey M. Depew had been elected to this seat in 1899 , and his term would expire on March 3, 1905. At the State election in November 1904 , large Republican majorities were elected for a two-year term (1905-1906) in the State Senate, and for the session of 1905 to the Assembly. The 128th State Legislature met from January 3, 1905, on at Albany, New York .
Late in 1904, Ex-Governor Frank S. Black tried to be nominated to succeed Depew. Black was supported by Governor Benjamin B. Odell Jr. , but after intense fighting behind the scenes, Odell finally dropped Black and accepted Depew's re-election which had been supported by his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt and Speaker S. Frederick Nixon . The Republican caucus met on January 16. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.
The Democratic caucus met also on January 16. They nominated again Smith M. Weed who had been the candidate of the Democratic minority in the U.S. Senate election of 1887 .
1905 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result
Candidate
First ballot
42
D. Cady Herrick
14
Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
Pennsylvania
The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 17, 1905. Incumbent Philander C. Knox was elected by the Pennsylvania State Assembly to his first full term in the United States Senate .[13]
Republican Matthew Quay was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate in the previous election in January 1901 . He served until his death on May 28, 1904.[14] In June 1904, Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to serve out the remainder of Quay's term, ending on March 4, 1905, when he began a term in his own right.[15]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate , convened on January 17, 1905, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1905. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
See also
Notes
^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)" . National Archives and Records Administration . February 8, 2022.
^ a b c d "GEN. DICK SUCCEEDS HANNA" . The New York Times . March 3, 1904. p. 9.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906 . New York : The Press Publishing Co. New York World . 1905. p. 108 .
^ a b Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly . 1904. p. 76.
^ a b "BULKELEY IN CONNECTICUT" . The New York Times . January 18, 1905. p. 2.
^ a b "ELECTED LODGE AND W.M. CRANE". Boston Daily Globe . 18 Jan 1905. p. 2.
^ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF) . The New York Times . January 20, 1904. p. 5.
^ a b "SENATOR PROCTOR RE-ELECTED" (PDF) . The New York Times . October 19, 1904. p. 1.
^ "Gov. La Follette Elected Senator" . The New York Times . January 25, 1905. p. 5.
^ "Clark Returned for Another Term" . The New York Times . January 25, 1905. p. 5.
^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 04, 1904" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved 2022-11-05 .
^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1905" (PDF) . Wilkes University. Retrieved December 24, 2012 .
^ "QUAY, Matthew Stanley, (1833–1904)" . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012 .
^ "KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853–1921)" . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012 .
^ "PA US Senate - 1905" . OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012 .
References
Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present , via Senate.gov
Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1905). The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1905 . New York : The Tribune Association . pp. 233–234.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1906 . New York : The Tribune Association . 1906. pp. 244–246.
New York
Pennsylvania: Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" . The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project . Wilkes University.