18th Congress of the Philippines
Meeting of the national legislature of the Philippines
18th Congress of the Philippines Term July 22, 2019 – June 1, 2022 President Rodrigo Duterte Vice President Leni Robredo Members 24 President Tito Sotto President pro tempore Ralph Recto Majority leader Migz Zubiri Minority leader Franklin Drilon Members 304 Speaker Deputy Speakers
Paolo Duterte (until October 13, 2020)
Ferdinand Hernandez
Evelina Escudero
Loren Legarda
Conrado Estrella III
Prospero Pichay Jr.
Roberto Puno
Eddie Villanueva
Aurelio Gonzales Jr. (until December 7, 2020)
Johnny Pimentel (until December 7, 2020)
Luis Raymund Villafuerte (until October 14, 2020)
Raneo Abu (until November 18, 2020)
Neptali Gonzales II
Danilo Fernandez (until November 18, 2020)
Rose Marie Arenas (from July 29, 2019)
Rodante Marcoleta (from July 29, 2019)
Henry Oaminal (from July 29, 2019)
Pablo John Garcia (from July 29, 2019)
Vilma Santos (from August 13, 2019)
Deogracias Victor Savellano (from August 13, 2019)
Mujiv Hataman (from August 13, 2019)
Mikee Romero (August 13, 2019 – October 2, 2020 and from October 14, 2020)
Fredenil Castro (October 2 – November 18, 2020)
Paulino Salvador Leachon (October 2 – November 18, 2020)
Lito Atienza (from November 18, 2020)
Rufus Rodriguez (from November 18, 2020)
Arnolfo Teves Jr. (from December 7, 2020)
Benny Abante (from December 7, 2020)
Wes Gatchalian (from December 7, 2020)
Eric Martinez (from December 7, 2020)
Juan Pablo Bondoc (from December 7, 2020)
Bernadette Herrera (from December 7, 2020)
Divina Grace Yu (from December 7, 2020)
Rogelio Pacquiao (from December 7, 2020)
Kristine Singson-Meehan (from December 7, 2020)
Strike Revilla (from December 14, 2020)
Isidro Ungab (from December 16, 2020)
Abraham Tolentino (from December 16, 2020)
Camille Villar (from February 2, 2021)
Len Alonte (from March 25, 2021)
Majority leader Martin Romualdez Minority leader
The 18th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino : Ikalabingwalong Kongreso ng Pilipinas ), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives , met from July 22, 2019, until June 1, 2022, during the last three years of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency . The convening of the 18th Congress followed the 2019 general elections , which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
Leadership
Senate
House of Representatives
Speaker :
Deputy Speakers :
Paolo Duterte (Davao City–1st , HNP ), until October 13, 2020
Ferdinand Hernandez (South Cotabato–2nd , PDP–Laban )
Evelina Escudero (Sorsogon–1st , NPC )
Loren Legarda (Antique , NPC )
Conrado Estrella III (Abono )
Prospero Pichay Jr. (Surigao del Sur–1st , Lakas )
Roberto Puno (Antipolo–1st , NUP )
Eddie Villanueva (CIBAC )
Aurelio Gonzales Jr. (Pampanga–3rd , PDP–Laban ), until December 7, 2020
Johnny Pimentel (Surigao del Sur–2nd , PDP–Laban ), until December 7, 2020
Luis Raymund Villafuerte (Camarines Sur–2nd , Nacionalista ), until October 14, 2020
Raneo Abu (Batangas–2nd , Nacionalista ), until November 18, 2020
Neptali Gonzales II (Mandaluyong , PDP–Laban )
Danilo Fernandez (Laguna–1st , PDP–Laban ), until November 18, 2020
Rose Marie Arenas (Pangasinan–3rd , PDP–Laban ), from July 29, 2019
Rodante Marcoleta (SAGIP ), from July 29, 2019
Henry Oaminal (Misamis Occidental–2nd , Nacionalista ), from July 29, 2019
Pablo John Garcia (Cebu–3rd , NUP ), from July 29, 2019
Vilma Santos (Batangas–6th , Nacionalista ), from August 13, 2019
Deogracias Victor Savellano (Ilocos Sur–1st , Nacionalista ), from August 13, 2019
Mujiv Hataman (Basilan , Liberal ), from August 13, 2019
Mikee Romero (1-Pacman ), August 13, 2019 – October 2, 2020 and from October 14, 2020
Fredenil Castro (Capiz–2nd , Lakas ), October 2 – November 18, 2020
Paulino Salvador Leachon (Oriental Mindoro–1st , PDP–Laban ), from October 14, 2020
Lito Atienza (Buhay ), from November 18, 2020
Rufus Rodriguez (Cagayan de Oro–2nd , CDP ), from November 18, 2020
Arnolfo Teves Jr. (Negros Oriental–3rd , PDP–Laban ), from December 7, 2020
Benny Abante (Manila–6th , NUP ), from December 7, 2020
Wes Gatchalian (Valenzuela–1st , NPC ), from December 7, 2020
Eric Martinez (Valenzuela–2nd , PDP–Laban ), from December 7, 2020
Juan Pablo Bondoc (Pampanga–4th , PDP–Laban ), from December 7, 2020
Bernadette Herrera (Bagong Henerasyon ), from December 7, 2020
Divina Grace Yu (Zamboanga del Sur–1st , PDP–Laban ), from December 7, 2020
Rogelio Pacquiao (Sarangani , PDP–Laban ), from December 7, 2020
Kristine Singson-Meehan (Ilocos Sur–2nd , Bileg ), from December 7, 2020
Strike Revilla (Cavite–2nd , NUP ), from December 14, 2020
Isidro Ungab (Davao City–3rd , HNP ), from December 16, 2020
Abraham Tolentino (Cavite–8th , NUP ), from December 16, 2020
Camille Villar (Las Piñas , Nacionalista ), from February 2, 2021
Len Alonte (Biñan , PDP–Laban ), from March 25, 2021
Majority Floor Leader : Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st , Lakas )
Minority Floor Leader :
Sessions
First Regular Session : July 22, 2019 – June 5, 2020
July 22 – October 4, 2019
October 5 – November 3, 2019
November 4 – December 20, 2019
January 20 – March 13, 2020
March 14 – May 3, 2020
First Special Session : March 23, 2020
May 4 – June 5, 2020
Second Regular Session : July 27, 2020 – June 4, 2021
July 27 – October 12, 2020
Second Special Session : October 13–16, 2020[1]
November 16 – December 18, 2020
January 18 – March 26, 2021
May 17 – June 4, 2021
Third Regular Session : July 26, 2021 – June 3, 2022
July 26 – September 30, 2021
November 8 – December 17, 2021
January 17 – February 4, 2022
May 23 – June 1, 2022
Meeting places
Composition
Both chambers of Congress are divided into parties and blocs. While members are elected via parties, blocs are the basis for committee memberships. Only members of the majority and minority blocs are accorded committee memberships. This is how blocs are determined:
Majority bloc: All members who voted for the Senate President or Speaker during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Minority bloc: All members who voted for the second-placed candidate during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Independent minority bloc: All members who did not vote for the winning or second-best nominee during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Independent bloc: All members who abstained from voting during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Not a member of any bloc: All members who have not voted during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Senate
House of Representatives
^ a b c Party-list representative
Members
Senate
Places of registrations of the senators. Blue pogs are for cities and municipalities with one senator; those in red have two. Senators are elected at a nationwide,
at-large basis.
The following are the terms of the senators of this Congress, according to the date of election:
Senator
Party
Term
Term ending
Bloc
Registered in
Sonny Angara
LDP
2
2025
Majority
Baler , Aurora
Nancy Binay
UNA
2
2025
Majority
Makati
Pia Cayetano
Nacionalista
1
2025
Majority
Taguig
Leila de Lima [a]
Liberal
1
2022
Minority
Parañaque
Ronald dela Rosa
PDP–Laban
1
2025
Majority
Santa Cruz , Davao del Sur
Franklin Drilon
Liberal
2
2022
Minority
Iloilo City
Win Gatchalian
NPC
1
2022
Majority
Valenzuela
Bong Go
PDP–Laban
1
2025
Majority
Davao City
Dick Gordon
Bagumbayan–VNP
1
2022
Majority
Olongapo
Risa Hontiveros
Akbayan
1
2022
Minority
Manila
Panfilo Lacson
Independent
1
2022
Majority
Imus , Cavite
Lito Lapid
NPC
1
2025
Majority
Porac , Pampanga
Imee Marcos
Nacionalista
1
2025
Majority
Batac , Ilocos Norte
Manny Pacquiao
PROMDI
1
2022
Majority
Kiamba , Sarangani
Francis Pangilinan
Liberal
1
2022
Minority
Quezon City
Koko Pimentel
PDP–Laban
2
2025
Majority
Cagayan de Oro
Grace Poe
Independent
2
2025
Majority
San Juan
Ralph Recto
Nacionalista
2
2022
Majority
Lipa , Batangas
Bong Revilla
Lakas
1
2025
Majority
Bacoor , Cavite
Tito Sotto
NPC
2
2022
Majority
Quezon City
Francis Tolentino
PDP–Laban
1
2025
Majority
Tagaytay , Cavite
Joel Villanueva
Independent
1
2022
Majority
Bocaue , Bulacan
Cynthia Villar
Nacionalista
2
2025
Majority
Las Piñas
Migz Zubiri
Independent
1
2022
Majority
Malaybalay , Bukidnon
House of Representatives
Terms of members of the House of Representatives started on June 30, 2019, took office on July 22, 2019, and ended on June 30, 2022, unless stated otherwise.
Party standings per district; party-lists are denoted by boxes to the right. Metro Manila is shown to the inset, at the upper right corner.
Map of provinces showing how many congressional districts it has. Metro Manila is shown to the inset, at the upper right corner.
Committees
Constitutional bodies
Senate committees
House of Representatives committees
Agenda
Death penalty
As of July 2019, bills seeking to reinstate capital punishment in the Philippines have been revived in the Senate ahead of the opening of the 18th Congress.[20]
COVID-19 pandemic
The 18th Congress enacted the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act and Bayanihan to Recover as One Act as response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines .
ABS-CBN franchise renewal
In May 2020, the House of Representatives acted on the pending franchise renewal bills of ABS-CBN that has been pending since July 2019.
House Speakership crisis
Lord Allan Velasco (right) takes his oath of office as House Speaker on October 12, 2020
In 2020, the position of Speaker was disputed, which in the latter part of the year threatened the passage of a bill legislating the national government's budget for 2021. The dispute involved then-speaker and Pateros–Taguig representative Alan Peter Cayetano and Marinduque representative Lord Allan Velasco . This started in July 2019, when the two had a "term-sharing agreement" which was brokered by President Rodrigo Duterte .[21] Under that deal, Cayetano would serve as House Speaker for the first 15 months of the 18th Congress, or until October 2020. Cayetano was to step down from his position as speaker in order to give way for the election of Velasco as speaker.[22]
Cayetano, in March 2020, accused Velasco and his camp of a conspiracy to remove him from his position as House Speaker. Velasco denied Cayetano's allegation of supposed ouster plot, stating it "baseless."[23] Cayetano initially oversaw deliberations on the 2021 national budget but tensions in the lower house of the Congress grew by September 2020. His camp abruptly ended sessions in which some legislators criticizing the move which prevented them from scrutinizing proposals on the 2021 budget.[24]
Cayetano offered to resign but his camp claim that majority of the House of Representatives declined his resignation.[24] On October 12, 2020, Lord Allan Velasco and some legislators convened at the Celebrity Sports Complex in Quezon City[25] and conducted a house session where positions including the speakership was declared vacant and appointed Velasco as house speaker. Velasco's camp claimed that 186 lawmakers voted for his appointment as house speaker. Cayetano's camp declared the session a "travesty" and questioned the legality of the session itself. Cayetano maintained that he remains as house speaker.[24] On the other hand, Cayetano called the appointment of Velasco as a speaker a "fake session" as he added that there was no prior plenary resolution authorizing the holding of a session outside the Batasang Pambansa and insists that the House of Representative mace used in the meeting is illegal.[26]
On October 13, 2020, during the start of the special session of the House, Velasco's election as House Speaker last October 12, 2020 was formally ratified by 186 representatives assembled in the Batasang Pambansa .[27] At the same time, Cayetano tendered his "irrevocable" resignation as House Speaker on his Facebook Live paving the way for Velasco to assume his position undisputed.[28]
Changes in membership
House of Representatives
District representatives
Party-list representatives
Member
Party
Date
Reason
Successor
Took office
Jose Antonio Lopez[17]
MARINO
July 25, 2019
Resigned
Macnell Lusotan[10]
November 4, 2019
Rodolfo Albano Jr.[15]
LPGMA
November 5, 2019
Died in office
Allan Ty[16]
November 20, 2019
Francisco Datol Jr. [19]
SENIOR CITIZENS
August 10, 2020
Died in office
Rodolfo Ordanes[14]
October 13, 2020
Legislation
Republic Acts
This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2022 )
The 18th Congress passed a total of 311 bills which were signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte . 119 of these laws were national in scope, while 192 were local:[34]
Republic Act
Short title
Sponsor(s)
Third reading votes (Yea–nay–abstention)
Presidential action
House
Senate
RA 11462
Postponing the May 2020 Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections
Sen. Imee Marcos
194–6
21–0
Signed December 3, 2019
RA 11463
Malasakit Centers Act
Sen. Bong Go
186–1–7
18–0
Signed December 3, 2019
RA 11464
Reenacting the General Appropriations Act of 2019
Rep. Isidro Ungab
193–0
19–0
Signed December 20, 2019
RA 11465
General Appropriations Act of 2020
Rep. Isidro Ungab , Eileen Ermita-Buhain , Estrellita Suansing
257–6
22–0
Signed January 6, 2020
RA 11466
Salary Standardization Law of 2019
Sen. Bong Revilla
187–5
21–0–1
Signed January 8, 2020
RA 11467
Amendments to the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997
Rep. Joey Salceda , Estrellita Suansing, Sharon Garin
184–2–1
20–0
Signed January 22. 2020, with line vetoes
RA 11468
The National Day of Remembrance For Road Crash Victims, Survivors, and Their Families Act
Sen. Grace Poe
234–0
20–0
Signed January 23, 2020
RA 11469
Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
Sen. Tito Sotto , Pia Cayetano
284–9
20–1
Signed March 24, 2020
RA 11470
The National Academy of Sports
Sen. Win Gatchalian
206–0
21–0
Signed June 9, 2020
RA 11471
Creating Barangay H-2 in Dasmariñas , Cavite
Rep. Elpidio Barzaga Jr.
213–0
20–0
Signed June 19, 2020
RA 11472
Upgrading the Caraga Regional Hospital
Rep. Robert Ace Barbers
170–0
18–0
Signed June 19, 2020
RA 11473
Renaming the Talisay District Hospital into Cebu South Medical Center in Cebu
Rep. Eduardo Gullas
182–0
20–0
Signed June 19, 2020
RA 11474
Upgrading the Maria L. Eleazar District Hospital in Quezon
Rep. Alyssa Sheena Tan
231–0
20–0
Signed June 19, 2020
RA 11475
Transferring of Rizal 's capital from Pasig to Antipolo
Rep. Roberto Puno
213–0
19–0
Signed June 19, 2020
RA 11476
GMRC and Values Education Act
Sen. Win Gatchalian
225–0
23–0
Signed June 25, 2020
RA 11477
Granting of franchise to Golden Broadcast Professional, Inc
Rep. Cesar Jimenez Jr.
216–0–1
18–0
Signed June 25, 2020
RA 11478
Increasing the bed capacity of Bicol Medical Center in Naga
Sen. Bong Go
182–0
14–0
Signed July 1, 2020
RA 11479
Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020
Sen. Panfilo Lacson
168–36–29
19–2
Signed July 3, 2020
RA 11480
Changing the opening day of schools
Sen. Win Gatchalian
241–0
23–0
Signed July 17, 2020
RA 11481
Granting of franchise to First United Broadcasting Corporation
Rep. Aurelio Gonzales
222–0
19–0
Signed July 30, 2020
RA 11482
Granting of franchise to Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media
Rep. Xavier Romulado
220–0
19–0
Signed July 30, 2020
RA 11483
Converting several provincial roads in Tarlac into national roads
Rep. Victor Yap
231–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11484
Converting road connecting Tubao, La Union and Tuba, Benguet into a national roat
Rep. Sandra Eriguel
231–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11485
Converting the Guimba –Talugtug –Umingan Provincial Road into a national road
Rep. Estrellita Suansing
231–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11486
Converting the road network connecting San Fernando and Bula, Camarines Sur into a national road
Rep. Luis Raymond Villafuerte
231–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11487
Converting the Albay Diversion Road in Camarines Sur into a national road
Rep. Luis Raymond Villafuerte
231–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11488
Transferring the Sorsogon Second District Engineering Office from Bulan to Gubat .
Rep. Bernadita Ramos
222–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11489
Creating the Cebu Seventh District Engineering Office
Rep. Peter John Calderon
222–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11490
Creating the Cotabato Third District Engineering Office
Rep. Elandro Madrona
232–0
23–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11491
Granting of franchise to Crusaders Broadcasting System
Rep. Onyx Crisologo
226–0
19–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11492
Granting of franchise to Gold Label Broadcasting System
Rep. Manuel Sagarbarria
233–0–1
18–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11493
Granting of franchise to Bicol Broadcasting System
Rep. Salvio Fortuno
170–0
19–0
Signed August 14, 2020
RA 11494
Bayanihan to Recover as One Act
Sen. Sonny Angara
242–6
22–1
Signed September 11, 2020
Treaties
One treaty has been approved by the Senate:
Resolution number
Title
Foreign party
Vote
Date of approval
Resolution 34
RP-Russian Federation Treaty on Extradition
Russia
19–0
December 18, 2019
Notes
^ Detained since February 24, 2017 for charges linked to the New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal .
^ Died on May 28, 2021.[4]
^ Died on December 18, 2019.[5]
^ Died on April 29, 2022.
^ Died on July 5, 2020.[6]
^ Died on November 16, 2020.[7]
^ Died on September 8, 2020.[9]
^ Took office on November 4, 2019.[10]
^ Took office on December 16, 2019,[11] Resigned on October 13, 2021 upon appointment as acting Secretary of Public Works and Highways .[12]
^ Died on February 22, 2022.[13]
^ Took office on January 15, 2018, succeeding Sitti Djalia Hataman .
^ a b Took office on October 13, 2020.[14]
^ Died on November 5, 2019.[15]
^ Took office on November 20, 2019, succeeding Rodolfo Albano Jr..[16]
^ Resigned on July 25, 2019.[17]
^ Took office on November 4, 2019, succeeding Jose Antonio Lopez.[10]
^ Took office on December 4, 2019;[18] died on August 10, 2020.[19]
References
^ "Proclamation No. 1027 s. 2020 | GOVPH" .
^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (January 22, 2020). "House holds session in calamity-stricken Batangas" . INQUIRER.net . Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ "186 lawmakers elect Velasco as Speaker while House session is suspended" . Rappler . October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ a b "Antipolo City 2nd District Representative Dies" . Manila Bulletin . Retrieved May 28, 2021 .
^ a b "Benguet representative Nestor Fongwan dies" . cnn . Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
^ a b Cervantes, Filane Mikee (July 6, 2020). "Camarines Sur Rep. Marissa Andaya succumbs to cancer" . Philippine News Agency . Retrieved July 6, 2020 .
^ a b "Cebu City Rep. Del Mar passes away at 79" . CDN Digital . November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020 .
^ Galvez, Daphne (November 15, 2020). "Ex-Speaker Alvarez resigns from PDP-Laban" . INQUIRER.net . Retrieved November 16, 2020 .
^ a b "Sorsogon congresswoman Ditas Ramos dies" . Rappler . September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020 .
^ a b c Galvez, Daphne (November 4, 2019). "2 new House members take oath as session returns" . newsinfo.inquirer.net . Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
^ "Southern Leyte lawmaker takes oath as newest House member" . The Manila Times . December 17, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
^ a b Daphne Galvez; Joey Gabieta (October 13, 2021). "Southern Leyte Rep. Mercado is new DPWH chief" . Inquirer . Retrieved October 13, 2021 .
^ a b "Tarlac congressman Charlie Cojuangco dies" . Rappler . February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022 .
^ a b "Controversial Ducielle Cardema of Duterte Youth joins House session" . Rappler . October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ a b Cruz, RG (November 5, 2019). "LPGMA Rep. Rodolfo Albano Jr. passes away" . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved September 20, 2022 .
^ a b Cepeda, Mara (November 20, 2019). "Allan Ty takes oath as LPGMA congressman" . Rappler . Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
^ a b Roxas, Pathricia Ann V. (July 24, 2019). "Marino party-list's 2nd nominee resigns" . newsinfo.inquirer.net . Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
^ Roxas, Pathricia Ann V. (December 4, 2019). "Datol takes oath as Senior Citizens party-list representative" . newsinfo.inquirer.net . Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
^ a b Galvez, Daphne (August 10, 2020). "Senior Citizens party-list Rep. Datol passes away" . INQUIRER.net . Retrieved August 11, 2020 .
^ "Pacquiao, Go file bills to revive death penalty" . The Philippine STAR .
^ Madarang, Catalina Ricci (September 22, 2020). "The latest on House leadership shake-up and how it started" . Interaksyon . Retrieved October 12, 2020 .
^ Cervante, Filane Mikee (September 21, 2020). "House suspends Monday session amid coup threat" . Philippine News Agency . Retrieved October 12, 2020 .
^ "Velasco denies hatching plot to oust Cayetano" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . February 27, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ a b c "Philippine Congress enters crisis over leadership standoff" . Mainichi Daily News . Associated Press. October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020 .
^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (October 12, 2020). "Velasco installed as new Speaker in session outside House" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved October 12, 2020 .
^ "186 lawmakers elect Velasco as Speaker while House session is suspended" . Rappler . Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ Cepeda, Mara (October 13, 2020). "It's official: Lord Allan Velasco is new Speaker of the House" . Rappler . Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ "Cayetano concedes to Velasco, resigns as House Speaker" . CNN Philippines . October 13, 2020. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020 .
^ Agoot, Liza; Dennis, Dionisio Jr. (January 22, 2020). "House names party-list solon as Benguet caretaker" . Philippine News Agency . Retrieved November 19, 2020 .
^ a b "Cayetano out as CamSur 1st district caretaker" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . October 17, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020 .
^ Cepeda, Mara (November 18, 2020). "Velasco elected as legislative caretaker of Antipolo City's 2nd District" . Rappler . Retrieved October 9, 2021 .
^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (June 2, 2021). "More Cayetano allies lose plum posts in Velasco-led House" . Rappler . Retrieved November 19, 2020 .
^ Mendoza, John Eric (April 30, 2022). "House mourns passing of Camarines Norte Rep. Marisol Panotes" . Retrieved June 1, 2022 .
^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (June 13, 2022). "18th Congress passed 311 bills that became law: report" . Philippine News Agency . Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022 .