↑Page, L.M. i B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p.
↑Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. i Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, Estats Units.
↑Missouri Department of Conservation, 2008. Fish of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation.
↑Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1991. Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle (Baixa Saxònia): Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Alemanya. 1104 p.
↑Etnier, D.A. i W.C. Starnes, 1993. The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, Estats Units.
↑Englert, J., B. Seghers, 1983. Predation by fish and common mersangers on darters (Pisces: Percidae) in the Thames River Watershed of southwestern Ontario. Canadian Field Naturalist, 97 (2): 218-219.