|
Volterra
Volterra (pelafalan dalam bahasa Italia: [volˈtɛrra]) adalah sebuah kota yang dikelilingi tembok di puncak bukit di Provinsi Toscana, Italia. Kota ini memiliki sejarah yang panjang dari abad kedelapan SM,[2][3][4] sehingga di kota ini terdapat peninggalan Etruska, Romawi, dan Abad Pertengahan.[5] Orang Etruska kuno mengenal Volterra dengan sebutan Velathri atau Vlathri,[6] sementara orang Romawi meynebutnya Volaterrae.[7]
Sejarah
Sejarah kota ini bermula sebagai sebuah permukiman Zaman Perunggu yang tergolong ke dalam kebudayaan Proto-Villanova.[8][9] Pada zaman Etruska, kota ini merupakan salah satu dari "dua belas kota" yang tergabung dalam Liga Etruska.[10][11]
Referensi
- ^ Data dari Istat
- ^ David Bershad; Carolina Mangone; Irving Hexham (2001). The Christian Travelers Guide to Italy. Harper Collins. hlm. 220–. ISBN 978-0-310-22573-7.
The famed local industry, working alabaster, has also proved an enduring industry in Volterra. Begun in the 8th century B.C., alabaster carving continues today as the traditional Volterran trade. The prehistoric Villanovan settlement (9th century ...
- ^ DK (1 May 2014). Eyewitness Travel Family Guide Italy. Dorling Kindersley Limited. hlm. 202–. ISBN 978-1-4093-5398-0.
Truly ancient clifftop city Volterra is perhaps the most dramatic and unusual city in the region. Founded by the Etruscans in the 8th century BC, it is perched on a high plateau of volcanic rock and surrounded by medieval walls, some ...
- ^ Insight Guides (2 November 2015). Insight Guides: Tuscany. APA. hlm. 524–. ISBN 978-1-78005-543-5.
These include Etruscan (8th–2nd century BC) sites at Volterra, Fiesole, Arezzo, Chiusi, Vetulonia and on the island of Elba. There is an archaeological museum in Florence, and other museums in Volterra, Chiusi, Cortona, Asciano, Grosseto ...
- ^ Lorenzo Aulo Cecina; Flaminio Dal Borgo (1758). Notizie istoriche della città di Volterra, alle quali si aggiunge la serie de' podestà, e capitani del popolo di essa (dalam bahasa Italian). Per G. P. Giovannelli. hlm. 65–.
Luglio furono lette alla presenza degli Anziani, e del Consiglio Generale di Volterra le lettere del Conte Guido da Monfort Vicario del Rè, nelle quali veniva comandato, che il Comune di Volterra pagasse ciò, che doveva alla Regia Camera per ...
- ^ D. H. Lawrence (16 April 2013). Etruscan Places. Read Books Limited. hlm. 97–. ISBN 978-1-4474-8782-1.
The great hilltop or headland on which Etruscan "Volterra," Velathri, Vlathri, once stood spreads out jaggedly, with deepcleft valleys in between, more or less in view, spreading two or three miles away. It is something like a hand, the bluff steep ...
- ^ D. H. Lawrence; Simonetta de Filippis (11 July 2002). Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 315–. ISBN 978-0-521-00701-6.
Volterra Velathri in Etruscan, Volaterrae in Latin; it flourished between the 4th and the ist centuries BC. In 298 BC the town yielded without resistance to the Romans and maintained a major role amongst the centres of n. Etruria up to the ...
- ^ Jean MacIntosh Turfa (13 November 2014). The Etruscan World. Routledge. hlm. 134–. ISBN 978-1-134-05523-4.
The lives of many Etruscan cities extend for a millennium or more from the end of the Bronze Age, providing abundant ... Vetulonia, Volterra and probably also Caere, were already occupied in the Final Bronze Age (Protovillanovan period, ...
- ^ Haynes, Sybille (2005). Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (dalam bahasa English). Los Angeles: Getty Trust Publications. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-0-89236-600-2.
- ^ Alan Norman Bold (1976). Cambridge Book of English Verse, 1939-1975. CUP Archive. hlm. 220–. ISBN 978-0-521-09840-3.
Volterra is a modern town in Tuscany and was once one of twelve cities of Etruria. 1] crack in the stone: like mankind, Volterra stands at the edge of crumbling cliffs. Much of Volterra has dropped down into 'the slow abyss' of erosion.
- ^ Damgaard Andersen, Helle (1997). Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th Centuries BC (dalam bahasa English). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. hlm. 344. ISBN 9788772894126.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Volterra.
|
|
