Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, KG,GCVO,PC,FRS,DL (3 Februari 1830 – 22 Agustus 1903), yang bergelar Lord Robert Cecil sebelum 1865 dan Viscount Cranborne dari Juni 1865 sampai April 1868, adalah seorang negarawan Inggris dari Partai Konservatif, yang menjabat sebagai perdana menteri sebanyak tiga kali selama lebih dari 13 tahun. Ia adalah perdana menteri terakhir yang mengepalai pemerintahan penuhnya dari Dewan Bangsawan.
Lord Robert Cecil mula-mula terpilih pada Dewan Rakyat pada 1854 dan menjabat sebagai Menteri Negara untuk India dalam pemerintahan Partai Konservatif Lord Derby dari 1866 sampai ia mengundurkan diri pada 1867 saat Benjamin Disraeli mengenalkan Reform Bill yang mendorong hak suara dari kaum kelas buruh. Pada 1868 setelah kematian ayahnya, Cecil diangkat pada Dewan Bangsawan. Pada 1874, saat Disraeli membentuk sebuah pemerintahan, Salisbury kembali menjadi Menteri Negara untuk India, dan, pada 1878, diangkat menjadi menteri luar negeri, dan memainkan bagian utama dalam Kongres Berlin, disamping ia meragukan kebijakan pro-Ottoman Disraeli.
Ia masih menjadi perdana menteri sampai Partai Liberal pimpinan Gladstone membentuk sebuah pemerintahan dengan dukungan Partai Nasionalis Irlandia, disamping Unionis meraih jumlah suara dan kursi terbesar dalam pemilihan umum 1892. Namun, Partai Liberal kalah dalam pemilihan umum 1895, dan Salisbury sempat kembali menjadi perdana menteri, memimpin Inggris pada perang melawan Boer, dan Unionis memenangkan pemilihan lainnya pada 1900 sebelum mencairkan ulang jabatan perdana menterinya kepada keponakannya Arthur Balfour. Ia wafat setahun kemudian, pada 1903.
Catatan
Bacaan tambahan
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Historiografi
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